Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Turner
Request for Comments: 8208 sn3rd
Updates: 7935 O. Borchert
Category: Standards Track NIST
ISSN: 2070-1721 September 2017
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Turner
Request for Comments: 8208 sn3rd
Updates: 7935 O. Borchert
Category: Standards Track NIST
ISSN: 2070-1721 September 2017
BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats
BGPsec算法、密钥格式和签名格式
Abstract
摘要
This document specifies the algorithms, algorithm parameters, asymmetric key formats, asymmetric key sizes, and signature formats used in BGPsec (Border Gateway Protocol Security). This document updates RFC 7935 ("The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure").
本文档规定了BGPsec（边界网关协议安全）中使用的算法、算法参数、非对称密钥格式、非对称密钥大小和签名格式。本文档更新了RFC 7935（“用于资源公钥基础设施的算法和密钥大小配置文件”）。
This document also includes example BGPsec UPDATE messages as well as the private keys used to generate the messages and the certificates necessary to validate those signatures.
本文档还包括示例BGPsec更新消息以及用于生成消息的私钥以及验证这些签名所需的证书。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
这是一份互联网标准跟踪文件。
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
本文件是互联网工程任务组（IETF）的产品。它代表了IETF社区的共识。它已经接受了公众审查，并已被互联网工程指导小组（IESG）批准出版。有关互联网标准的更多信息，请参见RFC 7841第2节。
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8208.
有关本文件当前状态、任何勘误表以及如何提供反馈的信息，请访问https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8208.
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2017 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托有关IETF文件的法律规定的约束(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)自本文件出版之日起生效。请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。从本文件中提取的代码组件必须包括信托法律条款第4.e节中所述的简化BSD许可证文本，并提供简化BSD许可证中所述的无担保。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Terminology ................................................3
2. Algorithms ......................................................4
3. Asymmetric Key Pair Formats .....................................4
3.1. Public Key Format ..........................................5
3.2. Private Key Format .........................................5
4. Signature Formats ...............................................5
5. Additional Requirements .........................................5
6. Security Considerations .........................................5
7. IANA Considerations .............................................6
8. References ......................................................7
8.1. Normative References .......................................7
8.2. Informative References .....................................8
Appendix A. Examples ...............................................9
A.1. Topology and Experiment Description .........................9
A.2. Keys ........................................................9
A.3. BGPsec IPv4 ................................................13
A.4. BGPsec IPv6 ................................................16
Acknowledgements ..................................................19
Authors' Addresses ................................................19
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Terminology ................................................3
2. Algorithms ......................................................4
3. Asymmetric Key Pair Formats .....................................4
3.1. Public Key Format ..........................................5
3.2. Private Key Format .........................................5
4. Signature Formats ...............................................5
5. Additional Requirements .........................................5
6. Security Considerations .........................................5
7. IANA Considerations .............................................6
8. References ......................................................7
8.1. Normative References .......................................7
8.2. Informative References .....................................8
Appendix A. Examples ...............................................9
A.1. Topology and Experiment Description .........................9
A.2. Keys ........................................................9
A.3. BGPsec IPv4 ................................................13
A.4. BGPsec IPv6 ................................................16
Acknowledgements ..................................................19
Authors' Addresses ................................................19
This document specifies the following:
本文件规定了以下内容：
o the digital signature algorithm and parameters,
o 数字签名算法和参数，
o the hash algorithm and parameters,
o 散列算法和参数，
o the public and private key formats, and
o 公钥和私钥格式，以及
o the signature formats
o 签名格式
used by Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Certification Authorities (CAs) and BGPsec (Border Gateway Protocol Security) speakers (i.e., routers). CAs use these algorithms when processing requests for BGPsec Router Certificates [RFC8209]. Examples of when BGPsec routers use these algorithms include requesting BGPsec certificates [RFC8209], signing BGPsec UPDATE messages [RFC8205], and verifying signatures on BGPsec UPDATE messages [RFC8205].
由资源公钥基础设施（RPKI）认证机构（CA）和BGPsec（边界网关协议安全）扬声器（即路由器）使用。CA在处理BGPsec路由器证书的请求时使用这些算法[RFC8209]。BGPsec路由器使用这些算法的示例包括请求BGPsec证书[RFC8209]、签署BGPsec更新消息[RFC8205]和验证BGPsec更新消息上的签名[RFC8205]。
This document updates [RFC7935] to add support for a) a different algorithm for BGPsec certificate requests, which are issued only by BGPsec speakers; b) a different Subject Public Key Info format for BGPsec certificates, which is needed for the specified BGPsec signature algorithm; and c) different signature formats for BGPsec signatures, which are needed for the specified BGPsec signature algorithm. The BGPsec certificates are differentiated from other RPKI certificates by the use of the BGPsec Extended Key Usage as defined in [RFC8209]. BGPsec uses a different algorithm [RFC6090] [DSS] as compared to the rest of the RPKI to minimize the size of the protocol exchanged between routers.
本文档更新了[RFC7935]以增加对a）仅由BGPsec发言人发出的BGPsec证书请求的不同算法的支持；b） BGPsec证书的不同主题公钥信息格式，指定的BGPsec签名算法需要该格式；和c）指定BGPsec签名算法所需的BGPsec签名的不同签名格式。通过使用[RFC8209]中定义的BGPsec扩展密钥用法，BGPsec证书与其他RPKI证书有所不同。BGPsec使用与RPKI其余部分不同的算法[RFC6090][DSS]，以最小化路由器之间交换的协议大小。
Appendix A contains example BGPsec UPDATE messages as well as the private keys used to generate the messages and the certificates necessary to validate the signatures.
附录A包含示例BGPsec更新消息以及用于生成消息的私钥和验证签名所需的证书。
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
本文件中的关键词“必须”、“不得”、“必需”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“不建议”、“可”和“可选”在所有大写字母出现时（如图所示）应按照BCP 14[RFC2119][RFC8174]所述进行解释。
The algorithms used to compute signatures on CA certificates, BGPsec Router Certificates, and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) are as specified in Section 2 of [RFC7935]. This section addresses BGPsec algorithms; for example, these algorithms are used by BGPsec routers to request BGPsec certificates, by RPKI CAs to verify BGPsec certification requests, by BGPsec routers to generate BGPsec UPDATE messages, and by BGPsec routers to verify BGPsec UPDATE messages:
用于计算CA证书、BGPsec路由器证书和证书撤销列表（CRL）上的签名的算法如[RFC7935]第2节所述。本节介绍BGPsec算法；例如，BGPsec路由器使用这些算法请求BGPsec证书，RPKI CAs使用这些算法验证BGPsec证书请求，BGPsec路由器使用这些算法生成BGPsec更新消息，BGPsec路由器使用这些算法验证BGPsec更新消息：
o The signature algorithm used MUST be the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) with curve P-256 [RFC6090] [DSS].
o 使用的签名算法必须是曲线P-256[RFC6090][DSS]的椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）。
o The hash algorithm used MUST be SHA-256 [SHS].
o 使用的哈希算法必须是SHA-256[SHS]。
Hash algorithms are not identified by themselves in certificates or BGPsec UPDATE messages. They are represented by an OID that combines the hash algorithm with the digital signature algorithm as follows:
在证书或BGPsec更新消息中，哈希算法本身无法识别。它们由将哈希算法与数字签名算法相结合的OID表示，如下所示：
o The ecdsa-with-SHA256 OID [RFC5480] MUST appear in the Public-Key Cryptography Standards #10 (PKCS #10) signatureAlgorithm field [RFC2986] or in the Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF) POPOSigningKey algorithm field [RFC4211]; where the OID is placed depends on the certificate request format generated.
o ecdsa-with-SHA256 OID[RFC5480]必须出现在公钥加密标准#10（PKCS#10）签名算法字段[RFC2986]或证书请求消息格式（CRMF）POPOSigningKey算法字段[RFC4211]中；OID的位置取决于生成的证书请求格式。
o In BGPsec UPDATE messages, the ECDSA with SHA-256 algorithm suite identifier value 0x1 (see Section 7) is included in the Signature_Block List's Algorithm Suite Identifier field.
o 在BGPsec更新消息中，具有SHA-256算法套件标识符值0x1（参见第7节）的ECDSA包含在签名块列表的算法套件标识符字段中。
The key formats used to compute signatures on CA certificates, BGPsec Router Certificates, and CRLs are as specified in Section 3 of [RFC7935]. This section addresses key formats found in the BGPsec Router Certificate requests and in BGPsec Router Certificates.
用于计算CA证书、BGPsec路由器证书和CRL上的签名的密钥格式如[RFC7935]第3节所述。本节介绍BGPsec路由器证书请求和BGPsec路由器证书中的密钥格式。
The ECDSA private keys used to compute signatures for certificate requests and BGPsec UPDATE messages MUST come from the P-256 curve [RFC5480]. The public key pair MUST use the uncompressed form.
用于计算证书请求和BGPsec更新消息签名的ECDSA私钥必须来自P-256曲线[RFC5480]。公钥对必须使用未压缩的形式。
The Subject's public key is included in subjectPublicKeyInfo [RFC5280]. It has two sub-fields: algorithm and subjectPublicKey. The values for the structures and their sub-structures follow:
主题的公钥包含在主题公钥信息[RFC5280]中。它有两个子字段：算法和subjectPublicKey。结构及其子结构的值如下所示：
o algorithm (an AlgorithmIdentifier type): The id-ecPublicKey OID MUST be used in the algorithm field, as specified in Section 2.1.1 of [RFC5480]. The value for the associated parameters MUST be secp256r1, as specified in Section 2.1.1.1 of [RFC5480].
o 算法（算法标识符类型）：必须在算法字段中使用id ecPublicKey OID，如[RFC5480]第2.1.1节所述。根据[RFC5480]第2.1.1.1节的规定，相关参数的值必须为secp256r1。
o subjectPublicKey: ECPoint MUST be used to encode the certificate's subjectPublicKey field, as specified in Section 2.2 of [RFC5480].
o subjectPublicKey:ECPoint必须用于对证书的subjectPublicKey字段进行编码，如[RFC5480]第2.2节所述。
Local policy determines private key format.
本地策略决定私钥格式。
The structure for the certificate's and CRL's signature field MUST be as specified in Section 4 of [RFC7935]; this is the same format used by other RPKI certificates. The structure for the certification request's and BGPsec UPDATE message's signature field MUST be as specified in Section 2.2.3 of [RFC3279].
证书和CRL签名字段的结构必须符合[RFC7935]第4节的规定；这与其他RPKI证书使用的格式相同。认证请求和BGPsec更新消息签名字段的结构必须符合[RFC3279]第2.2.3节的规定。
It is anticipated that BGPsec will require the adoption of updated key sizes and a different set of signature and hash algorithms over time, in order to maintain an acceptable level of cryptographic security. This profile should be updated to specify such future requirements, when appropriate.
预计BGPsec将需要随着时间的推移采用更新的密钥大小和一组不同的签名和散列算法，以保持可接受的加密安全水平。在适当的情况下，应更新该概要文件，以指定此类未来需求。
The recommended procedures to implement such a transition of key sizes and algorithms are specified in [RFC6916].
[RFC6916]中规定了实现密钥大小和算法转换的推荐程序。
The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC5480], [RFC6090], [RFC7935], and [RFC8209] apply to certificates. The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC6090], [RFC7935], and [RFC8209] apply to certification requests. The security considerations of [RFC3279], [RFC6090], and [RFC8205] apply to BGPsec UPDATE messages. No new security considerations are introduced as a result of this specification.
[RFC3279]、[RFC5480]、[RFC6090]、[RFC7935]和[RFC8209]的安全注意事项适用于证书。[RFC3279]、[RFC6090]、[RFC7935]和[RFC8209]的安全注意事项适用于认证请求。[RFC3279]、[RFC6090]和[RFC8205]的安全注意事项适用于BGPsec更新消息。本规范没有引入新的安全注意事项。
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has created the "BGPsec Algorithm Suite Registry" in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) group. The one-octet "BGPsec Algorithm Suite Registry" identifiers assigned by IANA identify the digest algorithm and signature algorithm used in the BGPsec Signature_Block List's Algorithm Suite Identifier field.
互联网分配号码管理局（IANA）已在资源公钥基础设施（RPKI）组中创建了“BGPsec算法套件注册表”。IANA分配的一个八位组“BGPsec算法套件注册表”标识符标识了BGPsec签名块列表的算法套件标识符字段中使用的摘要算法和签名算法。
IANA has registered a single algorithm suite identifier for the digest algorithm SHA-256 [SHS] and for the signature algorithm ECDSA on the P-256 curve [RFC6090] [DSS].
IANA已在P-256曲线[RFC6090][DSS]上为摘要算法SHA-256[SHS]和签名算法ECDSA注册了单个算法套件标识符。
BGPsec Algorithm Suite Registry
BGPsec算法套件注册表
Algorithm Digest Signature Specification
Suite Algorithm Algorithm Pointer
Identifier
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x0 | Reserved | Reserved | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x1 | SHA-256 | ECDSA P-256 | [SHS] [DSS] [RFC6090] |
| | | | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x2-0xEF | Unassigned | Unassigned | |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0xFF | Reserved | Reserved | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
Algorithm Digest Signature Specification
Suite Algorithm Algorithm Pointer
Identifier
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x0 | Reserved | Reserved | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x1 | SHA-256 | ECDSA P-256 | [SHS] [DSS] [RFC6090] |
| | | | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0x2-0xEF | Unassigned | Unassigned | |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
| 0xFF | Reserved | Reserved | This document |
+------------+------------+-------------+-----------------------+
Future assignments are to be made using the Standards Action process defined in [RFC8126]. Assignments consist of the one-octet algorithm suite identifier value and the associated digest algorithm name and signature algorithm name.
未来的分配将使用[RFC8126]中定义的标准行动流程进行。分配由一个八位组算法套件标识符值和关联的摘要算法名称和签名算法名称组成。
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2119]Bradner，S.，“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，BCP 14，RFC 2119，DOI 10.17487/RFC2119，1997年3月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2986] Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #10: Certification Request Syntax Specification Version 1.7", RFC 2986, DOI 10.17487/RFC2986, November 2000, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2986>.
[RFC2986]Nystrom，M.和B.Kaliski，“PKCS#10：认证请求语法规范版本1.7”，RFC 2986，DOI 10.17487/RFC2986，2000年11月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2986>.
[RFC3279] Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, DOI 10.17487/RFC3279, April 2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3279>.
[RFC3279]Bassham，L.，Polk，W.，和R.Housley，“互联网X.509公钥基础设施证书和证书撤销列表（CRL）配置文件的算法和标识符”，RFC 3279，DOI 10.17487/RFC3279，2002年4月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3279>.
[RFC4211] Schaad, J., "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF)", RFC 4211, DOI 10.17487/RFC4211, September 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4211>.
[RFC4211]Schaad，J.“互联网X.509公钥基础设施证书请求消息格式（CRMF）”，RFC 4211，DOI 10.17487/RFC4211，2005年9月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4211>.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.
[RFC5280]Cooper，D.，Santesson，S.，Farrell，S.，Boeyen，S.，Housley，R.，和W.Polk，“Internet X.509公钥基础设施证书和证书撤销列表（CRL）配置文件”，RFC 5280，DOI 10.17487/RFC5280，2008年5月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.
[RFC5480] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information", RFC 5480, DOI 10.17487/RFC5480, March 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5480>.
[RFC5480]Turner，S.，Brown，D.，Yiu，K.，Housley，R.，和T.Polk，“椭圆曲线加密主题公钥信息”，RFC 5480，DOI 10.17487/RFC5480，2009年3月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5480>.
[RFC6090] McGrew, D., Igoe, K., and M. Salter, "Fundamental Elliptic Curve Cryptography Algorithms", RFC 6090, DOI 10.17487/RFC6090, February 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6090>.
[RFC6090]McGrew，D.，Igoe，K.，和M.Salter，“基本椭圆曲线密码算法”，RFC 6090，DOI 10.17487/RFC6090，2011年2月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6090>.
[RFC6916] Gagliano, R., Kent, S., and S. Turner, "Algorithm Agility Procedure for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)", BCP 182, RFC 6916, DOI 10.17487/RFC6916, April 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6916>.
[RFC6916]Gagliano，R.，Kent，S.和S.Turner，“资源公钥基础设施（RPKI）的算法敏捷程序”，BCP 182，RFC 6916，DOI 10.17487/RFC6916，2013年4月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6916>.
[RFC7935] Huston, G. and G. Michaelson, Ed., "The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure", RFC 7935, DOI 10.17487/RFC7935, August 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7935>.
[RFC7935]Huston，G.和G.Michaelson，编辑，“用于资源公钥基础设施的算法和密钥大小的配置文件”，RFC 7935，DOI 10.17487/RFC7935，2016年8月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7935>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8126]Cotton，M.，Leiba，B.，和T.Narten，“在RFC中编写IANA考虑事项部分的指南”，BCP 26，RFC 8126，DOI 10.17487/RFC8126，2017年6月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8174]Leiba，B.，“RFC 2119关键词中大写与小写的歧义”，BCP 14，RFC 8174，DOI 10.17487/RFC8174，2017年5月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8205] Lepinski, M., Ed., and K. Sriram, Ed., "BGPsec Protocol Specification", RFC 8205, DOI 10.17487/RFC8205, September 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8205>.
[RFC8205]Lepinski，M.，Ed.，和K.Sriram，Ed.，“BGPsec协议规范”，RFC 8205，DOI 10.17487/RFC8205，2017年9月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8205>.
[RFC8209] Reynolds, M., Turner, S., and S. Kent, "A Profile for BGPsec Router Certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists, and Certification Requests", RFC 8209, DOI 10.17487/RFC8209, September 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8209>.
[RFC8209]Reynolds，M.，Turner，S.和S.Kent，“BGPsec路由器证书、证书撤销列表和证书请求的配置文件”，RFC 8209，DOI 10.17487/RFC8209，2017年9月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8209>.
[DSS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Digital Signature Standard (DSS)", NIST FIPS Publication 186-4, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.186-4, July 2013, <http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.186-4.pdf>.
[DSS]国家标准与技术研究所，“数字签名标准（DSS）”，NIST FIPS出版物186-4，DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.186-42013年7月<http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.186-4.pdf>。
[SHS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure Hash Standard (SHS)", NIST FIPS Publication 180-4, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4, August 2015, <http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf>.
[SHS]国家标准与技术研究所，“安全哈希标准（SHS）”，NIST FIPS出版物180-4，DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-42015年8月<http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/ NIST.FIPS.180-4.pdf>。
[RFC6979] Pornin, T., "Deterministic Usage of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)", RFC 6979, DOI 10.17487/RFC6979, August 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6979>.
[RFC6979]Pornin，T，“数字签名算法（DSA）和椭圆曲线数字签名算法（ECDSA）的确定性使用”，RFC 6979，DOI 10.17487/RFC6979，2013年8月<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6979>.
Topology:
拓扑结构：
AS(64496)----AS(65536)----AS(65537)
AS(64496)----AS(65536)----AS(65537)
Prefix Announcement: AS(64496), 192.0.2.0/24, 2001:db8::/32
Prefix Announcement: AS(64496), 192.0.2.0/24, 2001:db8::/32
For this example, the ECDSA algorithm was provided with a static k to make the result deterministic.
对于本例，ECDSA算法提供了一个静态k，以使结果具有确定性。
The k used for all signature operations was taken from [RFC6979], Appendix A.2.5, "Signatures With SHA-256, message = 'sample'".
用于所有签名操作的k取自[RFC6979]，附录A.2.5，“SHA-256签名，消息='样本'”。
k = A6E3C57DD01ABE90086538398355DD4C
3B17AA873382B0F24D6129493D8AAD60
k = A6E3C57DD01ABE90086538398355DD4C
3B17AA873382B0F24D6129493D8AAD60
Keys of AS64496:
================
ski: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
Keys of AS64496:
================
ski: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
private key:
x = D8AA4DFBE2478F86E88A7451BF075565
709C575AC1C136D081C540254CA440B9
private key:
x = D8AA4DFBE2478F86E88A7451BF075565
709C575AC1C136D081C540254CA440B9
public key:
Ux = 7391BABB92A0CB3BE10E59B19EBFFB21
4E04A91E0CBA1B139A7D38D90F77E55A
Uy = A05B8E695678E0FA16904B55D9D4F5C0
DFC58895EE50BC4F75D205A25BD36FF5
public key:
Ux = 7391BABB92A0CB3BE10E59B19EBFFB21
4E04A91E0CBA1B139A7D38D90F77E55A
Uy = A05B8E695678E0FA16904B55D9D4F5C0
DFC58895EE50BC4F75D205A25BD36FF5
Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number: 38655612 (0x24dd67c)
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
Issuer: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0
Validity
Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT
Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT
Subject: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (256 bit)
pub:
04:73:91:ba:bb:92:a0:cb:3b:e1:0e:59:b1:9e:bf:
fb:21:4e:04:a9:1e:0c:ba:1b:13:9a:7d:38:d9:0f:
77:e5:5a:a0:5b:8e:69:56:78:e0:fa:16:90:4b:55:
d9:d4:f5:c0:df:c5:88:95:ee:50:bc:4f:75:d2:05:
a2:5b:d3:6f:f5
ASN1 OID: prime256v1
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
AB:4D:91:0F:55:CA:E7:1A:21:5E:
F3:CA:FE:3A:CC:45:B5:EE:C1:54
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30
sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical
Autonomous System Numbers:
64496
Routing Domain Identifiers:
inherit
Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number: 38655612 (0x24dd67c)
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
Issuer: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0
Validity
Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT
Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT
Subject: CN=ROUTER-0000FBF0
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (256 bit)
pub:
04:73:91:ba:bb:92:a0:cb:3b:e1:0e:59:b1:9e:bf:
fb:21:4e:04:a9:1e:0c:ba:1b:13:9a:7d:38:d9:0f:
77:e5:5a:a0:5b:8e:69:56:78:e0:fa:16:90:4b:55:
d9:d4:f5:c0:df:c5:88:95:ee:50:bc:4f:75:d2:05:
a2:5b:d3:6f:f5
ASN1 OID: prime256v1
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
AB:4D:91:0F:55:CA:E7:1A:21:5E:
F3:CA:FE:3A:CC:45:B5:EE:C1:54
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30
sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical
Autonomous System Numbers:
64496
Routing Domain Identifiers:
inherit
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:44:02:20:07:b7:b4:6a:5f:a4:f1:cc:68:36:39:03:a4:83:
ec:7c:80:02:d2:f6:08:9d:46:b2:ec:2a:7b:e6:92:b3:6f:b1:
02:20:00:91:05:4a:a1:f5:b0:18:9d:27:24:e8:b4:22:fd:d1:
1c:f0:3d:b1:38:24:5d:64:29:35:28:8d:ee:0c:38:29
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:44:02:20:07:b7:b4:6a:5f:a4:f1:cc:68:36:39:03:a4:83:
ec:7c:80:02:d2:f6:08:9d:46:b2:ec:2a:7b:e6:92:b3:6f:b1:
02:20:00:91:05:4a:a1:f5:b0:18:9d:27:24:e8:b4:22:fd:d1:
1c:f0:3d:b1:38:24:5d:64:29:35:28:8d:ee:0c:38:29
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIBiDCCAS+gAwIBAgIEAk3WfDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAjAaMRgwFgYDVQQDDA9ST1VU
RVItMDAwMEZCRjAwHhcNMTcwMTAxMDUwMDAwWhcNMTgwNzAxMDUwMDAwWjAaMRgw
FgYDVQQDDA9ST1VURVItMDAwMEZCRjAwWTATBgcqhkjOPQIBBggqhkjOPQMBBwNC
AARzkbq7kqDLO+EOWbGev/shTgSpHgy6GxOafTjZD3flWqBbjmlWeOD6FpBLVdnU
9cDfxYiV7lC8T3XSBaJb02/1o2MwYTALBgNVHQ8EBAMCB4AwHQYDVR0OBBYEFKtN
kQ9VyucaIV7zyv46zEW17sFUMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMeMB4GCCsGAQUF
BwEIAQH/BA8wDaAHMAUCAwD78KECBQAwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIDRwAwRAIgB7e0al+k
8cxoNjkDpIPsfIAC0vYInUay7Cp75pKzb7ECIACRBUqh9bAYnSck6LQi/dEc8D2x
OCRdZCk1KI3uDDgp
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Keys of AS(65536):
==================
ski: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
Keys of AS(65536):
==================
ski: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
private key:
x = 6CB2E931B112F24554BCDCAAFD9553A9
519A9AF33C023B60846A21FC95583172
private key:
x = 6CB2E931B112F24554BCDCAAFD9553A9
519A9AF33C023B60846A21FC95583172
public key:
Ux = 28FC5FE9AFCF5F4CAB3F5F85CB212FC1
E9D0E0DBEAEE425BD2F0D3175AA0E989
Uy = EA9B603E38F35FB329DF495641F2BA04
0F1C3AC6138307F257CBA6B8B588F41F
public key:
Ux = 28FC5FE9AFCF5F4CAB3F5F85CB212FC1
E9D0E0DBEAEE425BD2F0D3175AA0E989
Uy = EA9B603E38F35FB329DF495641F2BA04
0F1C3AC6138307F257CBA6B8B588F41F
Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number: 3752143940 (0xdfa52c44)
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
Issuer: CN=ROUTER-00010000
Validity
Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT
Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT
Subject: CN=ROUTER-00010000
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (256 bit)
pub:
04:28:fc:5f:e9:af:cf:5f:4c:ab:3f:5f:85:cb:21:
2f:c1:e9:d0:e0:db:ea:ee:42:5b:d2:f0:d3:17:5a:
a0:e9:89:ea:9b:60:3e:38:f3:5f:b3:29:df:49:56:
41:f2:ba:04:0f:1c:3a:c6:13:83:07:f2:57:cb:a6:
b8:b5:88:f4:1f
ASN1 OID: prime256v1
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
47:F2:3B:F1:AB:2F:8A:9D:26:86:
4E:BB:D8:DF:27:11:C7:44:06:EC
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30
sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical
Autonomous System Numbers:
65536
Routing Domain Identifiers:
inherit
Router Key Certificate example using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number: 3752143940 (0xdfa52c44)
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
Issuer: CN=ROUTER-00010000
Validity
Not Before: Jan 1 05:00:00 2017 GMT
Not After : Jul 1 05:00:00 2018 GMT
Subject: CN=ROUTER-00010000
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (256 bit)
pub:
04:28:fc:5f:e9:af:cf:5f:4c:ab:3f:5f:85:cb:21:
2f:c1:e9:d0:e0:db:ea:ee:42:5b:d2:f0:d3:17:5a:
a0:e9:89:ea:9b:60:3e:38:f3:5f:b3:29:df:49:56:
41:f2:ba:04:0f:1c:3a:c6:13:83:07:f2:57:cb:a6:
b8:b5:88:f4:1f
ASN1 OID: prime256v1
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
47:F2:3B:F1:AB:2F:8A:9D:26:86:
4E:BB:D8:DF:27:11:C7:44:06:EC
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.30
sbgp-autonomousSysNum: critical
Autonomous System Numbers:
65536
Routing Domain Identifiers:
inherit
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:21:00:8c:d9:f8:12:96:88:82:74:03:a1:82:82:18:
c5:31:00:ee:35:38:e8:fa:ae:72:09:fe:98:67:01:78:69:77:
8c:02:20:5f:ee:3a:bf:10:66:be:28:d3:b3:16:a1:6b:db:66:
21:99:ed:a6:e4:ad:64:3c:ba:bf:44:fb:cb:b7:50:91:74
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:21:00:8c:d9:f8:12:96:88:82:74:03:a1:82:82:18:
c5:31:00:ee:35:38:e8:fa:ae:72:09:fe:98:67:01:78:69:77:
8c:02:20:5f:ee:3a:bf:10:66:be:28:d3:b3:16:a1:6b:db:66:
21:99:ed:a6:e4:ad:64:3c:ba:bf:44:fb:cb:b7:50:91:74
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
BGPsec IPv4 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
===============================================
Binary Form of BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP):
BGPsec IPv4 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
===============================================
Binary Form of BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP):
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
01 03 02 00 00 00 EC 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00
00 00 80 0E 0D 00 01 01 04 C6 33 64 64 00 18 C0
00 02 90 1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00
00 00 FB F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26
86 4E BB D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02
21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E
81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF
37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B 6A 07 96
3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66 8F D8 61
8C 83 FA C3 F1 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3
CA FE 3A CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00
EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6
9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16
02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C 8B 8A 95 A3 C0
9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD 07 A1 7E D7 AA
05 5E CA
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
01 03 02 00 00 00 EC 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00
00 00 80 0E 0D 00 01 01 04 C6 33 64 64 00 18 C0
00 02 90 1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00
00 00 FB F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26
86 4E BB D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02
21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E
81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF
37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B 6A 07 96
3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66 8F D8 61
8C 83 FA C3 F1 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3
CA FE 3A CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00
EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6
9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16
02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C 8B 8A 95 A3 C0
9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD 07 A1 7E D7 AA
05 5E CA
Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 21 33 E5 CA A0 26 BE 07 3D 9C 1B 4E FE B9 B9 77
9F 20 F8 F5 DE 29 FA 98 40 00 9F 60 47 D0 81 54
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C
8B 8A 95 A3 C0 9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD
07 A1 7E D7 AA 05 5E CA
Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 21 33 E5 CA A0 26 BE 07 3D 9C 1B 4E FE B9 B9 77
9F 20 F8 F5 DE 29 FA 98 40 00 9F 60 47 D0 81 54
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 8E 21 F6 0E 44 C6 06 6C
8B 8A 95 A3 C0 9D 3A D4 37 95 85 A2 D7 28 EE AD
07 A1 7E D7 AA 05 5E CA
Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 01 4F 24 DA E2 A5 21 90 B0 80 5C 60 5D B0 63 54
22 3E 93 BA 41 1D 3D 82 A3 EC 26 36 52 0C 5F 84
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B
6A 07 96 3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66
8F D8 61 8C 83 FA C3 F1
Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 01 4F 24 DA E2 A5 21 90 B0 80 5C 60 5D B0 63 54
22 3E 93 BA 41 1D 3D 82 A3 EC 26 36 52 0C 5F 84
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 90 F2 C1 29 AB B2 F3 9B
6A 07 96 3B D5 55 A8 7A B2 B7 33 3B 7B 91 F1 66
8F D8 61 8C 83 FA C3 F1
The human-readable output is produced using bgpsec-io, a bgpsec traffic generator that uses a wireshark-like printout.
人类可读的输出是使用bgpsec io生成的，bgpsec流量生成器使用类似wireshark的打印输出。
Send UPDATE Message
+--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+--length: 259
+--type: 2 (UPDATE)
+--withdrawn_routes_length: 0
+--total_path_attr_length: 236
+--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
| +--Length: 1 byte
| +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1)
+--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
| +--Length: 4 bytes
| +--data: 00 00 00 00
+--MP_REACH_NLRI (16 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
| +--Length: 13 bytes
| +--Address family: IPv4 (1)
| +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1)
| +--Next hop network address: (4 bytes)
| | +--Next hop: 198.51.100.100
| +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0
| +--Network layer reachability information: (4 bytes)
| +--192.0.2.0/24
| +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 24
| +--MP Reach NLRI IPv4 prefix: 192.0.2.0
Send UPDATE Message
+--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+--length: 259
+--type: 2 (UPDATE)
+--withdrawn_routes_length: 0
+--total_path_attr_length: 236
+--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
| +--Length: 1 byte
| +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1)
+--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
| +--Length: 4 bytes
| +--data: 00 00 00 00
+--MP_REACH_NLRI (16 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
| +--Length: 13 bytes
| +--Address family: IPv4 (1)
| +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1)
| +--Next hop network address: (4 bytes)
| | +--Next hop: 198.51.100.100
| +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0
| +--Network layer reachability information: (4 bytes)
| +--192.0.2.0/24
| +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 24
| +--MP Reach NLRI IPv4 prefix: 192.0.2.0
+--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes)
+--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length)
+--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30)
+--Length: 205 bytes
+--Secure Path (14 bytes)
| +--Length: 14 bytes
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| | +--pCount: 1
| | +--Flags: 0
| | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0)
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| +--pCount: 1
| +--Flags: 0
| +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496)
+--Signature Block (191 bytes)
+--Length: 191 bytes
+--Algo ID: 1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
| +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
| +--Length: 72 bytes
| +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
| 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
| A84EAF3716022100 90F2C129ABB2F39B
| 6A07963BD555A87A B2B7333B7B91F166
| 8FD8618C83FAC3F1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
+--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
+--Length: 72 bytes
+--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
A84EAF3716022100 8E21F60E44C6066C
8B8A95A3C09D3AD4 379585A2D728EEAD
07A17ED7AA055ECA
+--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes)
+--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length)
+--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30)
+--Length: 205 bytes
+--Secure Path (14 bytes)
| +--Length: 14 bytes
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| | +--pCount: 1
| | +--Flags: 0
| | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0)
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| +--pCount: 1
| +--Flags: 0
| +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496)
+--Signature Block (191 bytes)
+--Length: 191 bytes
+--Algo ID: 1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
| +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
| +--Length: 72 bytes
| +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
| 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
| A84EAF3716022100 90F2C129ABB2F39B
| 6A07963BD555A87A B2B7333B7B91F166
| 8FD8618C83FAC3F1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
+--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
+--Length: 72 bytes
+--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
A84EAF3716022100 8E21F60E44C6066C
8B8A95A3C09D3AD4 379585A2D728EEAD
07A17ED7AA055ECA
BGPsec IPv6 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
===============================================
Binary Form of BGP/BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP):
BGPsec IPv6 UPDATE from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
===============================================
Binary Form of BGP/BGPsec UPDATE (TCP-DUMP):
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
01 10 02 00 00 00 F9 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00
00 00 80 0E 1A 00 02 01 10 20 01 00 10 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 C6 33 64 64 00 20 20 01 0D B8 90
1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 FB
F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26 86 4E BB
D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF
D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D
2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02
21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21 36 A1 05 B0 F4 72
7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B 8F 43 BD DE 91 C3
06 26 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3 CA FE 3A
CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B
2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87
7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00
E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96 93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97
19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8 55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3
FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
01 10 02 00 00 00 F9 40 01 01 02 80 04 04 00 00
00 00 80 0E 1A 00 02 01 10 20 01 00 10 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 C6 33 64 64 00 20 20 01 0D B8 90
1E 00 CD 00 0E 01 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 FB
F0 00 BF 01 47 F2 3B F1 AB 2F 8A 9D 26 86 4E BB
D8 DF 27 11 C7 44 06 EC 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF
D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D
2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02
21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21 36 A1 05 B0 F4 72
7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B 8F 43 BD DE 91 C3
06 26 AB 4D 91 0F 55 CA E7 1A 21 5E F3 CA FE 3A
CC 45 B5 EE C1 54 00 48 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B
2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD 9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87
7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00
E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96 93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97
19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8 55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3
Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 8A 0C D3 E9 8E 55 10 45 82 1D 80 46 01 D6 55 FC
52 11 89 DF 4D B0 28 7D 84 AC FC 77 55 6D 06 C7
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96
93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97 19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8
55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3
Signature from AS(64496) to AS(65536):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 8A 0C D3 E9 8E 55 10 45 82 1D 80 46 01 D6 55 FC
52 11 89 DF 4D B0 28 7D 84 AC FC 77 55 6D 06 C7
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 E2 A0 2C 68 FE 53 CB 96
93 4C 78 1F 5A 14 A2 97 19 79 20 0C 91 56 ED F8
55 05 8E 80 53 F4 AC D3
Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 44 49 EC 70 8D EC 5C 85 00 C2 17 8C 72 FE 4C 79
FF A9 3C 95 31 61 01 2D EE 7E EE 05 46 AF 5F D0
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21
36 A1 05 B0 F4 72 7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B
8F 43 BD DE 91 C3 06 26
Signature from AS(65536) to AS(65537):
--------------------------------------
Digest: 44 49 EC 70 8D EC 5C 85 00 C2 17 8C 72 FE 4C 79
FF A9 3C 95 31 61 01 2D EE 7E EE 05 46 AF 5F D0
Signature: 30 46 02 21 00 EF D4 8B 2A AC B6 A8 FD 11 40 DD
9C D4 5E 81 D6 9D 2C 87 7B 56 AA F9 91 C3 4D 0E
A8 4E AF 37 16 02 21 00 D1 B9 4F 62 51 04 6D 21
36 A1 05 B0 F4 72 7C C5 BC D6 74 D9 7D 28 E6 1B
8F 43 BD DE 91 C3 06 26
The human-readable output is produced using bgpsec-io, a bgpsec traffic generator that uses a wireshark-like printout.
人类可读的输出是使用bgpsec io生成的，bgpsec流量生成器使用类似wireshark的打印输出。
Send UPDATE Message
+--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+--length: 272
+--type: 2 (UPDATE)
+--withdrawn_routes_length: 0
+--total_path_attr_length: 249
+--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
| +--Length: 1 byte
| +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1)
+--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
| +--Length: 4 bytes
| +--data: 00 00 00 00
+--MP_REACH_NLRI (29 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
| +--Length: 26 bytes
| +--Address family: IPv6 (2)
| +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1)
| +--Next hop network address: (16 bytes)
| | +--Next hop: 2001:0010:0000:0000:0000:0000:c633:6464
| +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0
| +--Network layer reachability information: (5 bytes)
| +--2001:db8::/32
| +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 32
| +--MP Reach NLRI IPv6 prefix: 2001:db8::
Send UPDATE Message
+--marker: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+--length: 272
+--type: 2 (UPDATE)
+--withdrawn_routes_length: 0
+--total_path_attr_length: 249
+--ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE (4 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x40 (Well-Known, Transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
| +--Length: 1 byte
| +--Origin: INCOMPLETE (1)
+--MULTI_EXIT_DISC (7 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
| +--Length: 4 bytes
| +--data: 00 00 00 00
+--MP_REACH_NLRI (29 bytes)
| +--Flags: 0x80 (Optional, Non-transitive, Complete)
| +--Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
| +--Length: 26 bytes
| +--Address family: IPv6 (2)
| +--Subsequent address family identifier: Unicast (1)
| +--Next hop network address: (16 bytes)
| | +--Next hop: 2001:0010:0000:0000:0000:0000:c633:6464
| +--Subnetwork points of attachment: 0
| +--Network layer reachability information: (5 bytes)
| +--2001:db8::/32
| +--MP Reach NLRI prefix length: 32
| +--MP Reach NLRI IPv6 prefix: 2001:db8::
+--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes)
+--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length)
+--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30)
+--Length: 205 bytes
+--Secure Path (14 bytes)
| +--Length: 14 bytes
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| | +--pCount: 1
| | +--Flags: 0
| | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0)
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| +--pCount: 1
| +--Flags: 0
| +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496)
+--Signature Block (191 bytes)
+--Length: 191 bytes
+--Algo ID: 1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
| +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
| +--Length: 72 bytes
| +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
| 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
| A84EAF3716022100 D1B94F6251046D21
| 36A105B0F4727CC5 BCD674D97D28E61B
| 8F43BDDE91C30626
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
+--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
+--Length: 72 bytes
+--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
A84EAF3716022100 E2A02C68FE53CB96
934C781F5A14A297 1979200C9156EDF8
55058E8053F4ACD3
+--BGPSEC Path Attribute (209 bytes)
+--Flags: 0x90 (Optional, Complete, Extended Length)
+--Type Code: BGPSEC Path Attribute (30)
+--Length: 205 bytes
+--Secure Path (14 bytes)
| +--Length: 14 bytes
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| | +--pCount: 1
| | +--Flags: 0
| | +--AS number: 65536 (1.0)
| +--Secure Path Segment: (6 bytes)
| +--pCount: 1
| +--Flags: 0
| +--AS number: 64496 (0.64496)
+--Signature Block (191 bytes)
+--Length: 191 bytes
+--Algo ID: 1
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
| +--SKI: 47F23BF1AB2F8A9D26864EBBD8DF2711C74406EC
| +--Length: 72 bytes
| +--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
| 9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
| A84EAF3716022100 D1B94F6251046D21
| 36A105B0F4727CC5 BCD674D97D28E61B
| 8F43BDDE91C30626
+--Signature Segment: (94 bytes)
+--SKI: AB4D910F55CAE71A215EF3CAFE3ACC45B5EEC154
+--Length: 72 bytes
+--Signature: 3046022100EFD48B 2AACB6A8FD1140DD
9CD45E81D69D2C87 7B56AAF991C34D0E
A84EAF3716022100 E2A02C68FE53CB96
934C781F5A14A297 1979200C9156EDF8
55058E8053F4ACD3
Acknowledgements
致谢
The authors wish to thank Geoff Huston and George Michaelson for producing [RFC7935], which this document is entirely based on. The authors would also like to thank Roque Gagliano, David Mandelberg, Tom Petch, Sam Weiler, and Stephen Kent for their reviews and comments. Mehmet Adalier, Kotikalapudi Sriram, and Doug Montgomery were instrumental in developing the test vectors found in Appendix A.
作者希望感谢Geoff Huston和George Michaelson制作[RFC7935]，本文档完全基于此。作者还要感谢罗克·加利亚诺、大卫·曼德堡、汤姆·佩奇、萨姆·韦勒和斯蒂芬·肯特的评论和评论。Mehmet Adalier、Kotikalapudi Sriram和Doug Montgomery有助于开发附录A中的测试载体。
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Sean Turner sn3rd
肖恩·特纳
Email: sean@sn3rd.com
Email: sean@sn3rd.com
Oliver Borchert NIST 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899 United States of America
美国马里兰州盖瑟斯堡市NIST局大道100号奥利弗·博尔切特20899
Email: oliver.borchert@nist.gov
Email: oliver.borchert@nist.gov