Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Hardy
Request for Comments: 8118 L. Masinter
Obsoletes: 3778 D. Markovic
Category: Informational Adobe Systems Incorporated
ISSN: 2070-1721 D. Johnson
PDF Association
M. Bailey
Global Graphics
March 2017
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Hardy
Request for Comments: 8118 L. Masinter
Obsoletes: 3778 D. Markovic
Category: Informational Adobe Systems Incorporated
ISSN: 2070-1721 D. Johnson
PDF Association
M. Bailey
Global Graphics
March 2017
The application/pdf Media Type
应用程序/pdf媒体类型
Abstract
摘要
The Portable Document Format (PDF) is an ISO standard (ISO 32000-1:2008) defining a final-form document representation language in use for document exchange, including on the Internet, since 1993. This document provides an overview of the PDF format and updates the media type registration of "application/pdf". It obsoletes RFC 3778.
可移植文档格式（PDF）是一个ISO标准（ISO 32000-1:2008），定义了自1993年以来用于文档交换（包括在互联网上）的最终形式文档表示语言。本文档概述了PDF格式，并更新了“应用程序/PDF”的媒体类型注册。它淘汰了RFC 3778。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
本文件不是互联网标准跟踪规范；它是为了提供信息而发布的。
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.
本文件是互联网工程任务组（IETF）的产品。它代表了IETF社区的共识。它已经接受了公众审查，并已被互联网工程指导小组（IESG）批准出版。并非IESG批准的所有文件都适用于任何级别的互联网标准；见RFC 7841第2节。
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8118.
有关本文件当前状态、任何勘误表以及如何提供反馈的信息，请访问http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8118.
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2017 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托有关IETF文件的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)自本文件出版之日起生效。请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。从本文件中提取的代码组件必须包括信托法律条款第4.e节中所述的简化BSD许可证文本，并提供简化BSD许可证中所述的无担保。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. History .........................................................3
3. Fragment Identifiers ............................................3
4. Subset Standards ................................................5
5. PDF Versions ....................................................6
6. PDF Implementations .............................................7
7. Security Considerations .........................................7
8. IANA Considerations .............................................8
9. References ......................................................9
9.1. Normative References .......................................9
9.2. Informative References .....................................9
Appendix A. Changes since RFC 3778 ................................11
Authors' Addresses ................................................12
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. History .........................................................3
3. Fragment Identifiers ............................................3
4. Subset Standards ................................................5
5. PDF Versions ....................................................6
6. PDF Implementations .............................................7
7. Security Considerations .........................................7
8. IANA Considerations .............................................8
9. References ......................................................9
9.1. Normative References .......................................9
9.2. Informative References .....................................9
Appendix A. Changes since RFC 3778 ................................11
Authors' Addresses ................................................12
This document is intended to provide updated information on the registration of the MIME Media Type "application/pdf" for documents in the PDF (Portable Document Format) syntax. It obsoletes [RFC3778].
本文档旨在为pdf（可移植文档格式）语法的文档提供有关MIME媒体类型“application/pdf”注册的更新信息。它淘汰了[RFC3778]。
PDF was originally envisioned as a way to reliably communicate and view printed information electronically across a wide variety of machine configurations, operating systems, and communication networks.
PDF最初被设想为一种通过各种机器配置、操作系统和通信网络可靠地通信和查看打印信息的方式。
PDF is used to represent "final form" formatted documents. PDF pages may include text, images, graphics, and multimedia content such as video and audio. PDF is also capable of containing auxiliary structures, including annotations, bookmarks, file attachments, hyperlinks, logical structures, and metadata. These features are
PDF用于表示“最终形式”格式的文档。PDF页面可能包括文本、图像、图形和多媒体内容，如视频和音频。PDF还能够包含辅助结构，包括注释、书签、文件附件、超链接、逻辑结构和元数据。这些特点是
useful for navigation and building collections of related documents, as well as for reviewing and commenting on documents. A rich JavaScript model has been defined for interacting with PDF documents.
用于导航和建立相关文档的集合，以及对文档进行审阅和评论。已经为与PDF文档交互定义了一个丰富的JavaScript模型。
The imaging model for PDF was originally based on the PostScript [PS] page description language, used to render complex text, images, and graphics in a device-independent and resolution-independent manner.
PDF的图像模型最初基于PostScript[PS]页面描述语言，用于以独立于设备和分辨率的方式呈现复杂的文本、图像和图形。
PDF supports encryption and digital signatures. The encryption capability is combined with access control information to facilitate management of the functionality available to the recipient. PDF supports the inclusion of document and object-level metadata through the eXtensible Metadata Platform [XMP].
PDF支持加密和数字签名。加密功能与访问控制信息相结合，以便于管理收件人可用的功能。PDF支持通过可扩展元数据平台[XMP]包含文档和对象级元数据。
PDF is used widely in the Internet community. The first version of PDF, 1.0, was published in 1993 by Adobe Systems Incorporated. Since then, PDF has grown to be a widely used format for capturing and exchanging formatted documents electronically across the Web, via email and virtually every other document-exchange mechanism. In 2008, PDF 1.7 was adopted as an ISO standard (ISO 32000-1:2008 [ISOPDF]) using the ISO "Fast-Track" process. That specification is technically identical to Adobe Portable Document Format version 1.7 [AdobePDF].
PDF在互联网社区中被广泛使用。PDF的第一个版本1.0于1993年由Adobe Systems Incorporated发布。从那时起，PDF已发展成为一种广泛使用的格式，用于通过电子邮件和几乎所有其他文档交换机制，在Web上以电子方式捕获和交换格式化文档。2008年，PDF 1.7被采用为ISO标准（ISO 32000-1:2008[ISOPDF]），采用ISO“快速通道”流程。该规范在技术上与Adobe便携式文档格式1.7版[AdobePDF]相同。
The ISO TC-171 committee developed a "refresh" of PDF, known as ISO 32000-2; the version is PDF 2.0 [ISOPDF2].
ISO TC-171委员会开发了PDF的“更新”，称为ISO 32000-2；该版本为PDF 2.0[ISOPDF2]。
In addition to ISO 32000-1:2008 and ISO 32000-2, several subset standards have been defined to address specific use cases and standardized by the ISO. These standards include PDF for Archival (PDF/A) [ISOPDFA], PDF for Engineering (PDF/E) [ISOPDFE], PDF for Universal Accessibility (PDF/UA) [ISOPDFUA], PDF for Variable Data and Transactional Printing (PDF/VT) [ISOPDFVT], and PDF for Prepress Digital Data Exchange (PDF/X) [ISOPDFX]. The subset standards are fully compliant PDF files capable of being displayed in a general PDF viewer.
除ISO 32000-1:2008和ISO 32000-2外，还定义了若干子集标准，以解决特定用例，并由ISO标准化。这些标准包括用于存档的PDF（PDF/A）[ISOPDFA]、用于工程的PDF（PDF/E）[ISOPDFE]、用于通用可访问性的PDF（PDF/UA）[ISOPDFUA]、用于可变数据和事务打印的PDF（PDF/VT）[ISOPDFVT]和用于印前数字数据交换的PDF（PDF/X）[ISOPDFX]。子集标准是完全兼容的PDF文件，能够在通用PDF查看器中显示。
Fragment identifiers appear at the end of a URI and provide a way to reference an anchor to subordinate content within the target of the URI, or additional parameters to the process of opening the identified content. The syntax and semantics of fragment identifiers are referenced in the media type definition.
片段标识符出现在URI的末尾，并提供了一种将锚引用到URI目标内的从属内容的方法，或打开已标识内容的过程的附加参数。片段标识符的语法和语义在媒体类型定义中引用。
The specification of fragment identifiers for PDF appeared originally in [RFC3778] and is now included in ISO 32000-2 [ISOPDF2]. This section is a summary of that material. Any disagreements between [ISOPDF2] and this document should be resolved in favor of the ISO 32000-2 definition.
PDF的片段标识符规范最初出现在[RFC3778]中，现在包含在ISO 32000-2[ISOPDF2]中。本节是对该材料的总结。[ISOPDF2]与本文件之间的任何分歧应以ISO 32000-2定义为准予以解决。
A fragment identifier for PDF has one or more parameters, separated by the ampersand (&) or pound (#) character. Each parameter consists of the parameter name, "=" (equal), and the parameter value; lists of values are comma-separated, and parameter value strings may be URI-encoded [RFC3986]. Parameters are processed left to right.
PDF的片段标识符有一个或多个参数，由符号（&）或磅（#）字符分隔。每个参数由参数名“=”（等于）和参数值组成；值列表以逗号分隔，参数值字符串可以采用URI编码[RFC3986]。参数从左到右进行处理。
Coordinate values (such as <left>, <right>, and <width>) are expressed in the default user space coordinate system of the document: 1/72 of an inch measured down and to the right from the upper left corner of the (current) page ([ISOPDF2] 8.3.2.3 "User Space").
坐标值（如<left>、<right>和<width>）以文档的默认用户空间坐标系表示：从（当前）页面的左上角向下和向右测量1/72英寸（[ISOPDF2]8.3.2.3“用户空间”）。
The following parameters identify subordinate content of a PDF file but also may be used to set the document view to make the (start of) the identified content visible:
以下参数标识PDF文件的从属内容，但也可用于设置文档视图，以使标识的内容（开始）可见：
page=<pageNum> Identifies a specified (physical) page; the first page in the document has a pageNum value of 1.
page=<pageNum>标识指定的（物理）页面；文档中的第一页的pageNum值为1。
nameddest=<name> Identifies a named destination ([ISOPDF2] 12.3.2.4 "Named destinations").
NamedTest=<name>标识命名目的地（[ISOPDF2]12.3.2.4“命名目的地”）。
structelem=<structID> A byte string with URI encoding; identifies the structure element with the ID key within a StructElem dictionary of the document.
structelem=<structID>带有URI编码的字节字符串；在文档的StructElem字典中使用ID键标识结构元素。
comment=<commentID> The value of an annotation name, which is defined by the NM key in the corresponding annotation dictionary of the selected page ([ISOPDF2] 12.5.2 "Annotation dictionaries").
comment=<commentID>注释名称的值，该值由所选页面的相应注释字典中的NM键定义（[ISOPDF2]12.5.2“注释字典”）。
ef=<name> Identifies the embedded file where the parameter string <name> matches a file specification dictionary in the EmbeddedFiles name tree. If the "ef" parameter is not at the end of the fragment identifier, then the rest of the fragment identifier (after the ampersand or hash delimiter) is applied to the embedded file according to its own media type. This allows identification of content within the embedded file (which itself might be a PDF file).
ef=<name>标识参数字符串<name>与EmbeddedFiles名称树中的文件规范字典匹配的嵌入式文件。如果“ef”参数不在片段标识符的末尾，则片段标识符的其余部分（在与或散列分隔符之后）将根据其自身的媒体类型应用于嵌入文件。这允许识别嵌入文件（其本身可能是PDF文件）中的内容。
NOTE: When attempting to open a PDF file that is not from a trusted source, the processor may choose to prompt the user or even prevent the file from being opened.
注意：当试图打开非可信来源的PDF文件时，处理器可能会选择提示用户，甚至阻止打开该文件。
These parameters operate on the view of the PDF document when it is opened:
打开PDF文档时，这些参数对其视图进行操作：
zoom=<scale>,<left>,<top> <scale> is the percentage to which the document should be zoomed, where a value of 100 corresponds to a zoom of 100%. <left> and <top> are optional, but both must be specified if either is included.
zoom=<scale>，<left>，<top><scale>是文档应缩放到的百分比，其中值100对应于100%的缩放<left>和<top>是可选的，但如果包含其中任何一个，则必须同时指定这两个选项。
view=<keyword>,<position> The arguments correspond to those found in [ISOPDF2] 12.3.2.2 "Explicit destinations". <keyword> is one of the keywords defined in [ISOPDF2] "Table 149: Destination syntax" with appropriate position values.
view=<keyword>，<position>参数与[ISOPDF2]12.3.2.2“显式目标”中的参数相对应<关键字>是[ISOPDF2]“表149：目标语法”中定义的关键字之一，具有适当的位置值。
viewrect=<left>,<top>,<width>,<height> Set the view rectangle.
viewrect=<left>，<top>，<width>，<height>设置视图矩形。
highlight=<left>,<right>,<top>,<bottom> Highlight the specified rectangle.
highlight=<left>，<right>，<top>，<bottom>高亮显示指定的矩形。
search=<wordList> Open the document and search for one or more words, selecting the first matching word in the document. <wordList> is a string enclosed in quotation marks, where individual words are separated by the space character (or %20).
search=<wordList>打开文档并搜索一个或多个单词，选择文档中的第一个匹配单词<wordList>是一个用引号括起来的字符串，其中单个单词由空格字符（或%20）分隔。
fdf=<URI> This parameter imports data into PDF form fields. The URI is either a relative or absolute URI to a Forms Data Format (FDF) or XML FDF (XFDF) file. The fdf parameter should be specified as the last parameter to a given URI.
fdf=<URI>此参数将数据导入PDF表单字段。URI是表单数据格式（FDF）或XML FDF（XFDF）文件的相对或绝对URI。fdf参数应指定为给定URI的最后一个参数。
Several subsets of PDF have been published as distinct ISO standards:
PDF的几个子集已作为不同的ISO标准发布：
o PDF/X [ISOPDFX], initially released in 2001 as PDF/X-1a, specifies how to use PDF for graphics exchange, with the aim to facilitate correct and predictable printing by print service providers. The standard has gone through multiple revisions over the years and has several published parts, the most recently released being
o PDF/X[ISOPDFX]最初于2001年以PDF/X-1a的形式发布，它规定了如何使用PDF进行图形交换，以便于打印服务提供商进行正确和可预测的打印。多年来，该标准经历了多次修订，并发布了多个部分，最近发布的是
part 8, specifying different levels of conformance: PDF/X-1a:2001, PDF/X-3:2002, PDF/X-1a:2003, PDF/X-3:2003, PDF/X-4, PDF/X-4p, PDF/X-5g, PDF/X-5pg, and PDF/X-5n.
第8部分，指定不同的一致性级别：PDF/X-1a:2001、PDF/X-3:2002、PDF/X-1a:2003、PDF/X-3:2003、PDF/X-4、PDF/X-4p、PDF/X-5g、PDF/X-5pg和PDF/X-5n。
o PDF/A [ISOPDFA], initially released in 2005, specifies how to use PDF for long-term preservation (archiving) of electronic documents. It prohibits PDF features that are not well suited to long-term archiving of documents, including JavaScript or executable file launches. Its requirements for PDF/A viewers include color management guidelines and support for embedded fonts. There are three parts of this standard and a total of eight conformance levels: PDF/A-1a, PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2a, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-2u, PDF/A-3a, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/A-3u.
o 最初于2005年发布的PDF/A[ISOPDFA]规定了如何使用PDF对电子文档进行长期保存（归档）。它禁止使用不适合长期归档文档的PDF功能，包括JavaScript或可执行文件启动。它对PDF/A查看器的要求包括颜色管理指南和对嵌入式字体的支持。本标准分为三个部分，共有八个合规级别：PDF/a-1a、PDF/a-1b、PDF/a-2a、PDF/a-2b、PDF/a-2u、PDF/a-3a、PDF/a-3b和PDF/a-3u。
o PDF/E, initially released in 2008 as PDF/E-1 [ISOPDFE], specifies how to use PDF in engineering workflows, such as manufacturing, construction, and geospatial analysis. Future revisions of PDF/E are supposed to include support for 3D PDF workflows.
o PDF/E最初于2008年以PDF/E-1[ISOPDFE]的形式发布，它指定了如何在工程工作流中使用PDF，如制造、施工和地理空间分析。PDF/E的未来版本应该包括对3D PDF工作流的支持。
o PDF/VT, initially released in 2010, specifies how to use PDF in variable and transactional printing. It is based on PDF/X and places additional restrictions on PDF content elements and supporting metadata. It specifies three conformance levels: PDF/VT-1, PDF/VT-2, and PDF/VT-2s [ISOPDFVT].
o 最初于2010年发布的PDF/VT指定了如何在变量和事务打印中使用PDF。它基于PDF/X，并对PDF内容元素和支持的元数据设置了额外的限制。它指定了三个一致性级别：PDF/VT-1、PDF/VT-2和PDF/VT-2s[ISOPDFVT]。
o PDF/UA [ISOPDFUA], initially released in 2012 as PDF/UA-1, specifies how to create accessible electronic documents. It requires the use of ISO 32000's Tagged PDF feature and adds many requirements regarding semantic correctness in applying logical structures to content in PDF documents.
o PDF/UA[ISOPDFUA]最初于2012年发布为PDF/UA-1，规定了如何创建可访问的电子文档。它需要使用ISO 32000的标记PDF功能，并在将逻辑结构应用于PDF文档内容时增加了许多关于语义正确性的要求。
All of these subset standards use the "application/pdf" media type. The subset standards are generally not exclusive, so it is possible to construct a PDF file that conforms to, for example, both PDF/A-2b and PDF/X-4 subset standards.
所有这些子集标准都使用“application/pdf”媒体类型。子集标准通常不是排他性的，因此可以构造符合（例如）PDF/a-2b和PDF/X-4子集标准的PDF文件。
PDF documents claiming conformance to one or more of the subset standards use XMP metadata to identify levels of conformance. PDF processors should examine document metadata streams for such subset standards identifiers and, if appropriate, label documents as such when presenting them to the user.
声称符合一个或多个子集标准的PDF文档使用XMP元数据来标识一致性级别。PDF处理者应检查文档元数据流中的此类子集标准标识符，并在适当的情况下，在向用户呈现文档时标记文档。
The PDF format has gone through several revisions, primarily for the addition of features. PDF features have generally been added in a way that older viewers "fail gracefully", because they can just ignore features they do not recognize. Even so, the older the PDF
PDF格式经过了几次修订，主要是为了增加功能。PDF功能的添加方式通常会让老用户“优雅地失败”，因为他们可以忽略自己无法识别的功能。即便如此，PDF的版本越老
version produced, the more legacy viewers will support that version, but the fewer features will be enabled. The "application/pdf" media type is used for all versions. See [ISOPDF2] Annex I, "PDF Versions and Compatibility".
版本生成后，支持该版本的传统查看器越多，但启用的功能越少。“应用程序/pdf”媒体类型用于所有版本。见[ISOPDF2]附件一，“PDF版本和兼容性”。
PDF files are experienced through a reader or viewer of PDF files. For most of the common platforms in use (iOS, OS X, Windows, Android, ChromeOS, Kindle) and for most browsers (Edge, Safari, Chrome, Firefox), PDF viewing is built in. In addition, there are many PDF viewers available for download and installation. The PDF specification was published and freely available since the format was introduced in 1993, so hundreds of companies and organizations make tools for PDF creation, viewing, and manipulation.
PDF文件是通过PDF文件的读取器或查看器来体验的。对于大多数常用平台（iOS、OSX、Windows、Android、ChromeOS、Kindle）和大多数浏览器（Edge、Safari、Chrome、Firefox），内置了PDF查看功能。此外，还有许多PDF查看器可供下载和安装。自1993年引入PDF格式以来，PDF规范已经发布并免费提供，因此数百家公司和组织制作了用于PDF创建、查看和操作的工具。
PDF is certainly a complex media type as per Section 4.6 of [RFC6838], which sets requirements for security analysis of media type registrations. [RFC3778] (which this document obsoletes) contained a detailed analysis of some of the security issues for PDF implementations known at the time. While the analysis isn't necessarily wrong, the threat analysis is much too limited, and the mitigations are somewhat out of date. There is now extensive literature on security threats involving PDF implementations and how to avoid them, consistent with broad implementation over decades. We are not registering a new media type but rather are making a primarily administrative update. With those caveats:
根据[RFC6838]第4.6节，PDF无疑是一种复杂的媒体类型，该节规定了媒体类型注册的安全性分析要求。[RFC3778]（本文档已废弃）包含对当时已知的PDF实现的一些安全问题的详细分析。虽然分析不一定是错误的，但威胁分析过于有限，缓解措施有些过时。现在有大量关于涉及PDF实现的安全威胁以及如何避免这些威胁的文献，这与几十年来广泛的实现是一致的。我们没有注册新的媒体类型，而是主要进行管理更新。有了这些警告：
The PDF file format allows several constructs that may compromise security if handled inadequately by PDF processors. For example:
PDF文件格式允许多种构造，如果PDF处理器处理不当，可能会危及安全性。例如：
o PDF may contain scripts to customize the displaying and processing of PDF files. These scripts are expressed in a version of JavaScript and are intended for execution by the PDF processor.
o PDF可能包含自定义PDF文件显示和处理的脚本。这些脚本以JavaScript的一个版本表示，并打算由PDF处理器执行。
o A PDF file may refer to other PDF files for portions of content. PDF processors may be expected to find and use these external files when processing the document.
o PDF文件可以引用其他PDF文件以获取部分内容。PDF处理者在处理文档时可能会查找并使用这些外部文件。
o PDF may act as a container for various files embedded in it (for example, as attached files). PDF processors may offer functionality to open and display such files or store them on the system, such as with the "ef" open action. The PDF specification places no restrictions on types of files that may be embedded, so
o PDF可以充当嵌入其中的各种文件（例如，作为附件）的容器。PDF处理器可以提供打开和显示此类文件或将其存储在系统上的功能，例如使用“ef”打开操作。PDF规范对可能嵌入的文件类型没有限制，因此
PDF processors should be extremely careful to prevent unwanted execution of attached executables or decompression of attached archives that may store dangerous files in the host file system.
PDF处理器应非常小心，以防止附加可执行文件的不必要执行或附加档案的解压缩，这些档案可能会在主机文件系统中存储危险文件。
o PDF files may contain links to content on the Internet. PDF processors may offer functionality to show such content upon following the link.
o PDF文件可能包含指向Internet上内容的链接。PDF处理程序可提供以下链接显示此类内容的功能。
o The fragment identifier syntax (Section 3) contains directives for opening ("ef") or including ("fdf") additional material.
o 片段标识符语法（第3节）包含打开（“ef”）或包含（“fdf”）附加材料的指令。
PDF interpreters executing any scripts or programs related to these constructs must be extremely careful to ensure that untrusted software is executed in a protected environment.
执行与这些结构相关的任何脚本或程序的PDF解释器必须非常小心，以确保在受保护的环境中执行不受信任的软件。
In addition, the PDF processor itself, as well as its plugins, scripts, etc., may be a source of insecurity, by either obvious or subtle means.
此外，PDF处理器本身，以及它的插件、脚本等，可能是不安全的来源，无论是通过明显的还是微妙的方式。
This document updates the registration of "application/pdf", a media type registration previously defined in [RFC3778], using the registration template defined in [RFC6838]:
本文档使用[RFC6838]中定义的注册模板更新了[RFC3778]中先前定义的媒体类型注册“application/pdf”的注册：
Type name: application
类型名称：应用程序
Subtype name: pdf
子类型名称：pdf
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameter: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: binary
编码注意事项：二进制
Security considerations: See Section 7 of this document.
安全注意事项：见本文件第7节。
Interoperability considerations: See Section 5 of this document.
互操作性注意事项：见本文件第5节。
Published specification: ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0) [ISOPDF2] is the most recent.
发布的规范：ISO 32000-2（PDF 2.0）[ISOPDF2]是最新的规范。
Applications that use this media type: See Section 6 of this document.
使用此媒体类型的应用程序：请参阅本文档第6节。
Fragment identifier considerations: See Section 3 of this document.
片段标识符注意事项：参见本文档第3节。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Deprecated alias names for this type: none
此类型的已弃用别名：无
Magic number(s): All PDF files start with the characters "%PDF-" followed by the PDF version number, e.g., "%PDF-1.7" or "%PDF-2.0". These characters are in US-ASCII encoding.
幻数：所有PDF文件都以字符“%PDF-”开头，后跟PDF版本号，例如“%PDF-1.7”或“%PDF-2.0”。这些字符采用US-ASCII编码。
File extension(s): .pdf
文件扩展名：.pdf
Macintosh file type code(s): "PDF "
Macintosh文件类型代码：“PDF”
Person & email address to contact for further information: Duff Johnson <duff@duff-johnson.com>, Peter Wyatt <Peter.wyatt@cisra.canon.com.au>, ISO 32000 Project Leaders.
联系人和电子邮件地址，以获取更多信息：达夫·约翰逊<duff@duff-约翰逊网站>，彼得·怀亚特<彼得。wyatt@cisra.canon.com.au>，ISO 32000项目负责人。
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: none
使用限制：无
Author: Authors of this document
作者：本文件的作者
Change controller: ISO; in particular, ISO 32000 is by ISO TC 171/SC 02/WG 08, "PDF specification". Duff Johnson <duff@duff-johnson.com> and Peter Wyatt <Peter.wyatt@cisra.canon.com.au> are current ISO 32000 Project Leaders.
更改控制员:ISO ;；特别是，ISO 32000是由ISO TC 171/SC 02/WG 08“PDF规范”制定的。达夫·约翰逊<duff@duff-约翰逊和彼得·怀亚特。wyatt@cisra.canon.com.au>现任ISO 32000项目负责人。
[ISOPDF] ISO, "Document management -- Portable document format -- Part 1: PDF 1.7", ISO 32000-1:2008, 2008.
[ISOPDF]ISO，“文件管理——可移植文件格式——第1部分：PDF 1.7”，ISO 32000-1:2008，2008。
[ISOPDF2] ISO, "Document management -- Portable document format -- Part 2: PDF 2.0", ISO 32000-2:2017, 2017.
[ISOPDF2]ISO，“文件管理——可移植文件格式——第2部分：PDF 2.0”，ISO 32000-2:2017，2017。
[ISOPDFX] ISO, "Graphic technology -- Prepress digital data exchange using PDF -- Part 8: Partial exchange of printing data using PDF 1.6 (PDF/X-5)", ISO 15930-8:2008, 2008.
[ISOPDFX]ISO，“图形技术——使用PDF的印前数字数据交换——第8部分：使用PDF 1.6（PDF/X-5）的打印数据部分交换”，ISO 15930-8:2008，2008年。
[ISOPDFA] ISO, "Document management -- Electronic document file format for long-term preservation -- Part 3: Use of ISO 32000-1 with support for embedded files (PDF/A-3)", ISO 19005-3:2012, 2012.
[ISOPDFA]ISO，“文件管理——长期保存的电子文件格式——第3部分：支持嵌入文件的ISO 32000-1的使用（PDF/A-3）”，ISO 19005-3:2012，2012。
[ISOPDFE] ISO, "Document management -- Engineering document format using PDF -- Part 1: Use of PDF 1.6 (PDF/E-1)", ISO 24517-1:2008, 2008.
[ISOPDFE]ISO，“文件管理——使用PDF的工程文件格式——第1部分：PDF 1.6（PDF/E-1）的使用”，ISO 24517-1:2008，2008。
[ISOPDFVT] ISO, "Graphic technology -- Variable data exchange -- Part 2: Using PDF/X-4 and PDF/X-5 (PDF/VT-1 and PDF/VT-2)", ISO 16612-2:2010, 2010.
[ISOPDFVT]ISO，“图形技术——可变数据交换——第2部分：使用PDF/X-4和PDF/X-5（PDF/VT-1和PDF/VT-2）”，ISO 16612-2:2010。
[ISOPDFUA] ISO, "Document management applications -- Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility -- Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1)", ISO 14289-1:2014, 2014.
[ISOPDFUA]ISO，“文件管理应用程序——增强可访问性的电子文件格式——第1部分：ISO 32000-1（PDF/UA-1）的使用”，ISO 14289-1:2014。
[XMP] ISO, "Graphic technology -- Extensible metadata platform (XMP) specification -- Part 1: Data model, serialization and core properties", ISO 16684-1, 2012.
[XMP]ISO，“图形技术——可扩展元数据平台（XMP）规范——第1部分：数据模型、序列化和核心属性”，ISO 16684-112012。
[PS] Adobe Systems Incorporated, "PostScript Language Reference, third edition", 1999, <https://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf>.
[PS]Adobe Systems Incorporated，“PostScript语言参考，第三版”，1999年<https://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf>.
[AdobePDF] Adobe Systems Incorporated, "PDF Reference, sixth edition", 2006, <http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/acrobat/ pdfs/pdf_reference_1-7.pdf>.
[AdobePDF]Adobe Systems Incorporated，“PDF参考，第六版”，2006年<http://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/acrobat/ pdf/pdf\u参考资料\u 1-7.pdf>。
[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 6838, DOI 10.17487/RFC6838, January 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.
[RFC6838]Freed，N.，Klensin，J.和T.Hansen，“介质类型规范和注册程序”，BCP 13，RFC 6838，DOI 10.17487/RFC6838，2013年1月<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
[RFC3986]Berners Lee，T.，Fielding，R.，和L.Masinter，“统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法”，STD 66，RFC 3986，DOI 10.17487/RFC3986，2005年1月<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
[RFC3778] Taft, E., Pravetz, J., Zilles, S., and L. Masinter, "The application/pdf Media Type", RFC 3778, DOI 10.17487/RFC3778, May 2004, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3778>.
[RFC3778]Taft，E.，Pravetz，J.，Zilles，S.，和L.Masinter，“应用程序/pdf媒体类型”，RFC 3778，DOI 10.17487/RFC3778，2004年5月<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3778>.
This specification replaces RFC 3778, which previously defined the "application/pdf" Media Type. Differences include the following:
本规范取代RFC 3778，后者先前定义了“应用程序/pdf”媒体类型。不同之处包括：
o To reflect the transition from a proprietary specification by Adobe to an open ISO standard, the Change Controller has changed from Adobe to ISO, and references have been updated.
o 为了反映Adobe从专有规范到开放ISO标准的转变，变更控制者已从Adobe更改为ISO，并更新了引用。
o The overview of PDF capabilities, the history of PDF, and the descriptions of PDF subsets were updated to reflect more recent relevant history.
o 更新了PDF功能概述、PDF历史记录以及PDF子集的描述，以反映最新的相关历史记录。
o The section on fragment identifiers was updated to closely reflect the material that has been added to ISO-32000-2.
o 更新了片段标识符部分，以密切反映已添加到ISO-32000-2中的材料。
o The status of popular PDF implementations was updated.
o 流行PDF实现的状态已更新。
o The Security Considerations section was updated to match the current understanding of PDF vulnerabilities.
o 安全注意事项部分已更新，以符合当前对PDF漏洞的理解。
o The registration template was updated to match RFC 6838.
o 已更新注册模板以匹配RFC 6838。
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Matthew Hardy Adobe Systems Incorporated 345 Park Ave. San Jose, CA 95110 United States of America
Matthew Hardy Adobe Systems Incorporated美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞公园大道345号，邮编95110
Email: mahardy@adobe.com
Email: mahardy@adobe.com
Larry Masinter Adobe Systems Incorporated 345 Park Ave. San Jose, CA 95110 United States of America
美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞公园大道345号，邮编95110
Email: masinter@adobe.com
URI: http://LarryMasinter.net
Email: masinter@adobe.com
URI: http://LarryMasinter.net
Dejan Markovic Adobe Systems Incorporated 345 Park Ave. San Jose, CA 95110 United States of America
美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞公园大道345号Dejan Markovic Adobe Systems公司，邮编95110
Email: dmarkovi@adobe.com
Email: dmarkovi@adobe.com
Duff Johnson PDF Association Neue Kantstrasse 14 Berlin 14057 Germany
达夫·约翰逊PDF协会新坎特大街14号柏林14057德国
Email: duff.johnson@pdfa.org
Email: duff.johnson@pdfa.org
Martin Bailey Global Graphics 2030 Cambourne Business Park Cambridge CB23 6DW United Kingdom
Martin Bailey Global Graphics 2030 Cambourne商业园剑桥CB23 6DW英国
Email: martin.bailey@globalgraphics.com
URI: http://www.globalgraphics.com
Email: martin.bailey@globalgraphics.com
URI: http://www.globalgraphics.com