Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Quittek, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6988 NEC Europe Ltd.
Category: Informational M. Chandramouli
ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc.
R. Winter
T. Dietz
NEC Europe Ltd.
B. Claise
Cisco Systems, Inc.
September 2013
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Quittek, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6988 NEC Europe Ltd.
Category: Informational M. Chandramouli
ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc.
R. Winter
T. Dietz
NEC Europe Ltd.
B. Claise
Cisco Systems, Inc.
September 2013
Requirements for Energy Management
能源管理的要求
Abstract
摘要
This document defines requirements for standards specifications for Energy Management. The requirements defined in this document are concerned with monitoring functions as well as control functions. Monitoring functions include identifying energy-managed devices and their components, as well as monitoring their Power States, Power Inlets, Power Outlets, actual power, Power Attributes, received energy, provided energy, and contained batteries. Control functions include such functions as controlling power supply and Power State of energy-managed devices and their components.
本文件规定了能源管理标准规范的要求。本文件中定义的要求涉及监控功能和控制功能。监控功能包括识别能源管理设备及其组件，以及监控其电源状态、电源入口、电源出口、实际功率、电源属性、接收能量、提供能量和包含的电池。控制功能包括控制能源管理设备及其组件的电源和电源状态等功能。
This document does not specify the features that must be implemented by compliant implementations but rather lists features that must be supported by standards for Energy Management.
本文档没有指定必须由兼容实现实现的功能，而是列出了必须由能源管理标准支持的功能。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
本文件不是互联网标准跟踪规范；它是为了提供信息而发布的。
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
本文件是互联网工程任务组（IETF）的产品。它代表了IETF社区的共识。它已经接受了公众审查，并已被互联网工程指导小组（IESG）批准出版。并非IESG批准的所有文件都适用于任何级别的互联网标准；见RFC 5741第2节。
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6988.
有关本文件当前状态、任何勘误表以及如何提供反馈的信息，请访问http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6988.
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2013 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托有关IETF文件的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)自本文件出版之日起生效。请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。从本文件中提取的代码组件必须包括信托法律条款第4.e节中所述的简化BSD许可证文本，并提供简化BSD许可证中所述的无担保。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Conventional Requirements for Energy Management ............3
1.2. Specific Requirements for Energy Management ................4
2. Terminology .....................................................5
3. General Considerations Related to Energy Management .............6
3.1. Power States ...............................................7
3.2. Saving Energy versus Maintaining Service Level .............7
3.3. Local versus Network-Wide Energy Management ................7
3.4. Energy Monitoring versus Energy Saving .....................8
3.5. Overview of Energy Management Requirements .................8
4. Identification of Entities ......................................9
5. Information on Entities ........................................10
5.1. General Information on Entities ...........................10
5.2. Power Interfaces ..........................................11
5.3. Power .....................................................13
5.4. Power State ...............................................15
5.5. Energy ....................................................17
5.6. Battery State .............................................18
5.7. Time Series of Measured Values ............................19
6. Control of Entities ............................................21
7. Reporting on Other Entities ....................................21
8. Controlling Other Entities .....................................22
8.1. Controlling Power States of Other Entities ................22
8.2. Controlling Power Supply ..................................23
9. Security Considerations ........................................23
10. Acknowledgments ...............................................25
11. References ....................................................25
11.1. Normative References .....................................25
11.2. Informative References ...................................26
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Conventional Requirements for Energy Management ............3
1.2. Specific Requirements for Energy Management ................4
2. Terminology .....................................................5
3. General Considerations Related to Energy Management .............6
3.1. Power States ...............................................7
3.2. Saving Energy versus Maintaining Service Level .............7
3.3. Local versus Network-Wide Energy Management ................7
3.4. Energy Monitoring versus Energy Saving .....................8
3.5. Overview of Energy Management Requirements .................8
4. Identification of Entities ......................................9
5. Information on Entities ........................................10
5.1. General Information on Entities ...........................10
5.2. Power Interfaces ..........................................11
5.3. Power .....................................................13
5.4. Power State ...............................................15
5.5. Energy ....................................................17
5.6. Battery State .............................................18
5.7. Time Series of Measured Values ............................19
6. Control of Entities ............................................21
7. Reporting on Other Entities ....................................21
8. Controlling Other Entities .....................................22
8.1. Controlling Power States of Other Entities ................22
8.2. Controlling Power Supply ..................................23
9. Security Considerations ........................................23
10. Acknowledgments ...............................................25
11. References ....................................................25
11.1. Normative References .....................................25
11.2. Informative References ...................................26
With rising energy costs and an increasing awareness of the ecological impact of running information technology equipment, Energy Management (EMAN) functions and interfaces are becoming an additional basic requirement for network management systems and devices connected to a network.
随着能源成本的上升和人们对运行信息技术设备的生态影响的日益认识，能源管理（EMAN）功能和接口正成为连接到网络的网络管理系统和设备的额外基本要求。
This document defines requirements for standards specifications for Energy Management, both monitoring functions and control functions. Energy Management functions focus mainly on devices and their components that receive and provide electrical energy. Devices such as hosts, routers, and middleboxes may have an IP address or may be connected indirectly to the Internet via a proxy with an IP address providing a management interface for the device, for example, devices in a building infrastructure using non-IP protocols and a gateway to the Internet.
本文件规定了能源管理标准规范的要求，包括监测功能和控制功能。能源管理功能主要关注接收和提供电能的设备及其组件。诸如主机、路由器和中间盒之类的设备可以具有IP地址，或者可以通过具有IP地址的代理间接连接到因特网，该IP地址为设备提供管理接口，例如，使用非IP协议的建筑基础设施中的设备和到因特网的网关。
These requirements are concerned with the standards specification process and not the implementation of specified standards. All requirements in this document must be reflected by standards specifications to be developed. However, which of the features specified by these standards will be mandatory, recommended, or optional for compliant implementations is to be defined by Standards Track document(s) and not in this document.
这些要求与标准规范过程有关，而不是与规定标准的实施有关。本文件中的所有要求必须反映在待制定的标准规范中。但是，这些标准规定的哪些功能对于兼容实施是强制性、推荐性或可选的，将由标准跟踪文档定义，而不是在本文档中定义。
Section 3 elaborates on a set of general needs for Energy Management. Requirements for an Energy Management standard are specified in Sections 4 through 8.
第3节阐述了能源管理的一系列一般需求。第4节至第8节规定了能源管理标准的要求。
Sections 4 through 6 contain conventional requirements specifying information on entities and control functions.
第4节至第6节包含规定实体和控制功能信息的常规要求。
Sections 7 and 8 contain requirements specific to Energy Management. Due to the nature of power supply, some monitoring and control functions are not conducted by interacting with the entity of interest but rather with other entities, for example, entities upstream in a power distribution tree.
第7节和第8节包含特定于能源管理的要求。由于电源的性质，一些监控功能不是通过与感兴趣的实体交互来实现的，而是通过与其他实体交互来实现的，例如，配电树中的上游实体。
The specification of requirements for an Energy Management standard starts with Section 4, which addresses the identification of entities and the granularity of reporting of energy-related information. A standard must support the unique identification of entities, reporting per entire device, and reporting energy-related information on individual components of a device or attached devices.
能源管理标准的要求规范从第4节开始，该节涉及实体的识别和能源相关信息报告的粒度。标准必须支持实体的唯一标识、每台设备的报告以及设备或连接设备单个组件的能源相关信息的报告。
Section 5 specifies requirements related to the monitoring of entities. This includes general (type, context) information and specific information on Power States, Power Inlets, Power Outlets, power, energy, and batteries. The control of Power State and power supply by entities is covered by requirements specified in Section 6.
第5节规定了与实体监控相关的要求。这包括电源状态、电源输入、电源输出、电源、能量和电池的一般（类型、上下文）信息和特定信息。第6节规定的要求涵盖了实体对电源状态和电源供应的控制。
While the conventional requirements summarized above seem to be all that would be needed for Energy Management, there are significant differences between Energy Management and most well-known network management functions. The most significant difference is the need for some devices to report on other entities. There are three major reasons for this.
虽然上面总结的常规需求似乎是能源管理所需的全部，但能源管理与大多数知名网络管理功能之间存在着显著差异。最显著的区别是需要一些设备报告其他实体。这主要有三个原因。
o For monitoring a particular entity, it is not always sufficient to communicate only with that entity. When the entity has no instrumentation for determining power, it might still be possible to obtain power values for the entity via communication with other entities in its power distribution tree. A simple example of this would be the retrieval of power values from a power meter at the power line into the entity. A Power Distribution Unit (PDU) and a Power over Ethernet (PoE) switch are common examples. Both supply power to other entities at sockets or ports, respectively, and are often instrumented to measure power per socket or port.
o 对于监视特定实体，仅与该实体通信并不总是足够的。当实体没有用于确定功率的工具时，仍然可以通过与其功率分布树中的其他实体通信来获取实体的功率值。这方面的一个简单示例是从电源线处的功率计向实体检索功率值。配电装置（PDU）和以太网供电（PoE）交换机是常见的示例。它们分别在插座或端口处向其他实体供电，并且通常通过仪表测量每个插座或端口的功率。
o Similar considerations apply to controlling the power supply of an entity that often needs direct or indirect communications with another entity upstream in the power distribution tree. Again, a PDU and a PoE switch are common examples, if they have the capability to switch power on or off at their sockets or ports, respectively.
o 类似的考虑也适用于控制通常需要与配电树上游的另一实体直接或间接通信的实体的电源。同样，如果PDU和PoE交换机能够分别在其插座或端口上打开或关闭电源，则它们也是常见的示例。
o Energy Management often extends beyond entities with IP network interfaces to non-IP building systems accessed via a gateway (sometimes called an Energy Management System or controller). Requirements in this document do not cover the details of these networks and energy devices but specify means for opening IP network management towards them.
o 能源管理通常超越具有IP网络接口的实体，扩展到通过网关（有时称为能源管理系统或控制器）访问的非IP建筑系统。本文件中的要求不包括这些网络和能源设备的详细信息，但规定了对其开放IP网络管理的方法。
These specific issues of Energy Management, as well as other issues, are covered by requirements specified in Sections 7 and 8.
第7节和第8节规定的要求涵盖了能源管理的这些具体问题以及其他问题。
The requirements in these sections need a new Energy Management framework that deals with the specific nature of Energy Management. The actual standards documents, such as MIB module specifications, address conformance by specifying which features must, should, or may be implemented by compliant implementations.
这些章节中的要求需要一个新的能源管理框架来处理能源管理的具体性质。实际的标准文档（如MIB模块规范）通过指定哪些功能必须、应该或可能由兼容实现来实现来解决一致性问题。
The terms specified in the terminology section are capitalized throughout the document; the exceptions are the well-known terms "energy" and "power". These terms are generic and are used in generated terms such as "energy-saving", "low-power", etc.
术语部分中规定的术语在整个文件中大写；众所周知的“能源”和“权力”是例外。这些术语是通用术语，用于生成术语，如“节能”、“低功耗”等。
Energy
能量
Energy is the capacity of a system to do work. As used by electric utilities, it is generally a reference to electrical energy and is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) [IEEE-100].
能量是一个系统做功的能力。在电力公司使用时，它通常是电能的参考，以千瓦时（kWh）为单位进行测量[IEEE-100]。
Power
权力
Power is the time rate at which energy is emitted, transferred, or received; power is usually expressed in watts (or in joules per second) [IEEE-100]. (The term "power" does not refer to the concept of demand, which is an averaged power value.)
功率是能量发射、传输或接收的时间速率；功率通常以瓦特（或焦耳每秒）表示[IEEE-100]。（术语“功率”不是指需求的概念，需求是平均功率值。）
Power Attributes
权力属性
Power Attributes are measurements of electric current, voltage, phase, and frequencies at a given point in an electrical power system (adapted from [IEC.60050]).
功率属性是电力系统中给定点处电流、电压、相位和频率的测量值（改编自[IEC.60050]）。
NOTE: Power Attributes are not intended to be "judgmental" with respect to a reference or technical value and are independent of any usage context.
注：电源属性并非针对参考或技术值进行“判断”，而是独立于任何使用上下文。
Energy Management
能源管理
Energy Management is a set of functions for measuring, modeling, planning, and optimizing networks to ensure that the network elements and attached devices use energy efficiently and in a manner appropriate to the nature of the application and the cost constraints of the organization [ITU-M.3400].
能源管理是一组用于测量、建模、规划和优化网络的功能，以确保网元和连接设备以适合应用性质和组织成本约束的方式高效地使用能源[ITU-M.3400]。
Energy Management System
能源管理系统
An Energy Management System is a combination of hardware and software used to administer a network with the primary purpose being Energy Management.
能源管理系统是用于管理网络的硬件和软件的组合，其主要目的是能源管理。
Energy Monitoring
能源监测
Energy Monitoring is a part of Energy Management that deals with collecting or reading information from network elements and attached devices and their components to aid in Energy Management.
能源监控是能源管理的一部分，它处理从网络元件和连接的设备及其组件收集或读取信息，以帮助能源管理。
Energy Control
能量控制
Energy Control is a part of Energy Management that deals with controlling energy supply and Power State of network elements, as well as attached devices and their components.
能量控制是能量管理的一部分，用于控制网络元件以及连接设备及其组件的能量供应和电源状态。
Power Interface
电源接口
A Power Interface is an interface at which a device is connected to a power transmission medium, at which it can in turn receive power, provide power, or both.
电源接口是设备连接到电源传输介质的接口，在该介质上设备可以依次接收电源、提供电源或两者兼有。
Power Inlet
电源插座
A Power Inlet is a Power Interface at which a device can receive power from other devices.
电源插座是一个电源接口，设备可在该接口处接收来自其他设备的电源。
Power Outlet
电源插座
A Power Outlet is a Power Interface at which a device can provide power to other devices.
电源插座是一种电源接口，设备可在该接口处向其他设备供电。
Power State
权力国家
A Power State is a condition or mode of a device that broadly characterizes its capabilities, power consumption, and responsiveness to input [IEEE-1621].
功率状态是设备的一种状态或模式，广泛表征其能力、功耗和对输入的响应[IEEE-1621]。
The basic objective of Energy Management is to operate sets of devices using minimal energy, while maintaining a certain level of service. [EMAN-STATEMENT] presents the applicability of the EMAN framework to a variety of scenarios and also lists use cases and target devices.
能源管理的基本目标是在保持一定服务水平的同时，以最小的能源运行一组设备。[EMAN-STATEMENT]介绍了EMAN框架对各种场景的适用性，并列出了用例和目标设备。
Entities can be set to an operational state that results in the lowest power level that still meets the service-level performance objectives. In principle, there are three basic types of Power States for an entity or for a whole system:
可以将实体设置为运行状态，从而使最低功率级别仍然满足服务级别性能目标。原则上，一个实体或整个系统的电源状态有三种基本类型：
o full Power State
o 全功率状态
o sleep state (not functional but immediately available)
o 睡眠状态（不起作用但立即可用）
o off state (may require significant time to become operational)
o 关闭状态（可能需要很长时间才能运行）
In specific devices, the number of Power States and their properties vary considerably. Simple entities may only have the extreme states: full Power State and off state. Many devices have three basic Power States: on, off, and sleep. However, more finely grained Power States can be implemented. Examples are various operational low Power States in which a device requires less energy than in the full power "on" state, but -- compared to the sleep state -- is still operational with reduced performance or functionality.
在特定的器件中，功率状态的数量及其特性差别很大。简单实体可能只有极端状态：满功率状态和关闭状态。许多设备有三种基本电源状态：打开、关闭和睡眠。但是，可以实现更细粒度的电源状态。例如，在各种低功耗运行状态下，设备需要的能量比全功率“开启”状态下的能量要少，但与睡眠状态相比，仍然可以运行，性能或功能降低。
One of the objectives of Energy Management is to reduce energy consumption. While this objective is clear, attaining that goal is often difficult. In many cases, there is no way to reduce power without the consequence of a potential service (performance or capacity) degradation. In this case, a trade-off needs to be made between service-level objectives and energy minimization. In other cases, a reduction of power can easily be achieved while still maintaining sufficient service-level performance, for example, by switching entities to lower Power States when higher performance is not needed.
能源管理的目标之一是减少能源消耗。虽然这一目标很明确，但实现这一目标往往很困难。在许多情况下，如果没有潜在服务（性能或容量）退化的后果，就无法降低功率。在这种情况下，需要在服务级别目标和能量最小化之间进行权衡。在其他情况下，可以在保持足够的服务级别性能的同时轻松实现功率降低，例如，当不需要更高的性能时，通过将实体切换到较低的功率状态。
Many energy-saving functions are executed locally by an entity; it monitors its usage and dynamically adapts its power according to the required performance. It may, for example, switch to a sleep state when it is not in use, or outside of scheduled business hours. An Energy Management System may observe an entity's Power State and configure its power-saving policies.
许多节能功能由一个实体在本地执行；它监控其使用情况，并根据所需性能动态调整其电源。例如，它可能在不使用时或在计划的工作时间之外切换到睡眠状态。能源管理系统可以观察实体的电源状态并配置其节能策略。
Energy savings can also be achieved with policies implemented by a network management system that controls Power States of managed entities. Information about the power received and provided by
通过控制被管理实体的电源状态的网络管理系统实施的策略，也可以实现节能。有关接收和提供的电源的信息
entities in different Power States may be required in order to set such policies. Often, this information is best acquired through monitoring.
可能需要处于不同电源状态的实体来设置此类策略。通常，最好通过监控来获取这些信息。
Network-wide and local Energy Management methods both have advantages and disadvantages, and it is often desirable to combine them. Central management is often favorable for setting Power States of a large number of entities at the same time, for example, at the beginning and end of business hours in a building. Local management is often preferable for power-saving measures based on local observations, such as the high or low functional load of an entity.
网络范围和本地能源管理方法各有优缺点，通常需要将它们结合起来。集中管理通常有利于同时设置大量实体的电源状态，例如，在建筑物的工作时间开始和结束时。对于基于本地观察的节能措施，例如实体的高或低功能负载，本地管理通常更可取。
Monitoring energy, power, and Power States alone does not reduce the energy needed to run an entity. In fact, it may even increase it slightly due to monitoring instrumentation that needs energy. Reporting measured quantities over the network may also increase energy use, though the acquired information may be an essential input to control loops that save energy.
仅监视能量、功率和功率状态并不能减少运行实体所需的能量。事实上，由于监测仪器需要能源，它甚至可能会略微增加。通过网络报告测量数量也可能增加能源使用，尽管获取的信息可能是节能控制回路的重要输入。
Monitoring energy and Power States can also be required for other purposes, including:
出于其他目的，也可能需要监测能量和功率状态，包括：
o investigating energy-saving potential
o 调查节能潜力
o evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving policies and measures
o 评估节能政策和措施的有效性
o deriving, implementing, and testing power management strategies
o 制定、实施和测试电源管理策略
o accounting for the total power received and provided by an entity, a network, or a service
o 核算实体、网络或服务接收和提供的总功率
o predicting an entity's reliability based on power usage
o 基于用电量预测实体的可靠性
o choosing the time of the next maintenance cycle for an entity
o 为实体选择下一个维护周期的时间
The following basic management functions are required:
需要以下基本管理功能：
o monitoring Power States
o 监测电源状态
o monitoring power (energy conversion rate)
o 监测功率（能量转换率）
o monitoring (accumulated) received and provided energy
o 监测（累计）接收和提供的能量
o monitoring Power Attributes
o 监控电源属性
o setting Power States
o 设置电源状态
Power control is complementary to other energy-saving measures, such as low-power electronics, energy-saving protocols, energy-efficient device design (for example, low-power modes for components), and energy-efficient network architectures. Measurement of received and provided energy can provide useful data for developing these technologies.
功率控制是对其他节能措施的补充，如低功率电子设备、节能协议、节能设备设计（例如，组件的低功率模式）和节能网络架构。测量接收和提供的能量可以为开发这些技术提供有用的数据。
Entities must be capable of being uniquely identified within the context of the management system. This includes entities that are components of managed devices as well as entire devices.
实体必须能够在管理体系的上下文中进行唯一标识。这包括作为受管设备以及整个设备组件的实体。
Entities that report on or control other entities must identify the entities they report on or control: see Section 7 or Section 8, respectively, for the detailed requirements.
报告或控制其他实体的实体必须确定其报告或控制的实体：详细要求分别见第7节或第8节。
An entity may be an entire device or a component of it. Examples of components of interest are a hard drive, a battery, or a line card. The ability to control individual components to save energy may be required. For example, server blades can be switched off when the overall load is low, or line cards at switches may be powered down at night.
实体可以是整个设备或其组件。感兴趣的组件包括硬盘驱动器、电池或线路卡。可能需要能够控制单个部件以节约能源。例如，刀片式服务器可以在总体负载较低时关闭，或者交换机上的线路卡可能在夜间断电。
Identifiers for devices and components are already defined in standard MIB modules, such as the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) MIB module [IEEE-802.1AB] and the Link Layer Discovery Protocol -- Media Endpoint Discovery (LLDP-MED) MIB module [ANSI-TIA-1057] for devices, and the Entity MIB module [RFC6933] and the power Ethernet MIB [RFC3621] for components of devices. Energy Management needs a means to link energy-related information to such identifiers.
设备和组件的标识符已经在标准MIB模块中定义，例如链路层发现协议（LLDP）MIB模块[IEEE-802.1AB]和链路层发现协议——设备的媒体端点发现（LLDP-MED）MIB模块[ANSI-TIA-1057]，以及实体MIB模块[RFC6933]和电力以太网MIB[RFC3621]用于设备的组件。能源管理需要一种将能源相关信息与此类标识符联系起来的方法。
Instrumentation for measuring the received and provided energy of a device is typically more expensive than instrumentation for retrieving its Power State. Many devices may provide Power State information for all individual components separately, while reporting the received and provided energy only for the entire device.
测量装置接收和提供能量的仪器通常比恢复其功率状态的仪器更昂贵。许多设备可以分别提供所有单个组件的电源状态信息，同时仅报告整个设备的接收和提供的能量。
The standard must provide means for uniquely identifying entities. Uniqueness must be preserved such that collisions of identities are avoided at potential receivers of monitored information.
该标准必须提供唯一标识实体的方法。必须保持唯一性，以避免在监控信息的潜在接收者处发生身份冲突。
The standard must provide means for indicating whether identifiers of entities are persistent across a restart of the entity.
该标准必须提供指示实体标识符在实体重启期间是否持久的方法。
The standard must provide means to indicate any change of entity identifiers.
该标准必须提供指示实体标识符任何变更的方法。
The standard must provide means for reusing entity identifiers from existing standards, including at least the following:
标准必须提供重用现有标准中实体标识符的方法，至少包括以下内容：
o the entPhysicalIndex in the Entity MIB module [RFC6933]
o 实体MIB模块[RFC6933]中的entPhysicalIndex
o the LldpPortNumber in the LLDP MIB module [IEEE-802.1AB] and in the LLDP-MED MIB module [ANSI-TIA-1057]
o LLDP MIB模块[IEEE-802.1AB]和LLDP-MED MIB模块[ANSI-TIA-1057]中的LldpPortNumber
o the pethPsePortIndex and the pethPsePortGroupIndex in the Power Ethernet MIB [RFC3621]
o 电力以太网MIB中的pethPsePortIndex和pethPsePortGroupIndex[RFC3621]
Generic means for reusing other entity identifiers must be provided.
必须提供重用其他实体标识符的通用方法。
This section describes information on entities for which the standard must provide means for retrieving and reporting.
本节描述了标准必须提供检索和报告方法的实体信息。
Required information can be structured into seven groups. Section 5.1 specifies requirements for general information on entities, such as type of entity or context information. Requirements for information on Power Inlets and Power Outlets of entities are specified in Section 5.2. The monitoring of power and energy is covered by Sections 5.3 and 5.5, respectively. Section 5.4 covers requirements related to entities' Power States. Section 5.6 specifies requirements for monitoring batteries. Finally, the reporting of time series of values is covered by Section 5.7.
所需信息可分为七组。第5.1节规定了实体一般信息的要求，如实体类型或上下文信息。第5.2节规定了实体电源入口和电源出口信息的要求。第5.3节和第5.5节分别介绍了功率和能量的监测。第5.4节涵盖了与实体权力状态相关的要求。第5.6节规定了监控电池的要求。最后，第5.7节介绍了价值时间序列的报告。
For Energy Management, understanding the role and context of an entity may be required. An Energy Management System may aggregate values of received and provided energy according to a defined grouping of entities. When controlling and setting Power States, it may be helpful to understand the grouping of the entity and role of
对于能源管理，可能需要了解实体的角色和背景。能量管理系统可以根据定义的实体分组来聚合接收和提供的能量的值。在控制和设置电源状态时，了解实体的分组和
an entity in a network. For example, it may be important to exclude some mission-critical network devices from being switched to lower power or even from being switched off.
网络中的实体。例如，排除某些任务关键型网络设备切换到较低功率甚至关闭可能很重要。
The standard must provide means to configure, retrieve, and report a textual name or a description of an entity.
标准必须提供配置、检索和报告实体的文本名称或描述的方法。
The standard must provide means for retrieving and reporting context information on entities, for example, tags associated with an entity that indicate the entity's role.
该标准必须提供检索和报告实体上下文信息的方法，例如，与指示实体角色的实体关联的标记。
The standard must provide means for retrieving and reporting the significance of entities within its context, for example, how important the entity is.
标准必须提供检索和报告其上下文中实体重要性的方法，例如，实体的重要性。
The standard must provide means for retrieving and reporting power priorities of entities. Power priorities indicate an order in which Power States of entities are changed, for example, to lower Power States for saving power.
该标准必须提供检索和报告实体电源优先级的方法。电源优先级表示实体的电源状态更改的顺序，例如，为了节省电源而降低电源状态。
The standard must provide means for grouping entities. This can be achieved in multiple ways, for example, by providing means to tag entities, assign them to domains, or assign device types to them.
该标准必须提供对实体进行分组的方法。这可以通过多种方式实现，例如，通过提供标记实体、将实体分配给域或将设备类型分配给实体的方法。
A Power Interface is an interface at which a device is connected to a power transmission medium, at which it can in turn receive power, provide power, or both.
电源接口是设备连接到电源传输介质的接口，在该介质上设备可以依次接收电源、提供电源或两者兼有。
A Power Interface is either an inlet or an outlet. Some Power Interfaces change over time from being an inlet to being an outlet and vice versa. However, most Power Interfaces never change.
电源接口是入口或出口。随着时间的推移，一些电源接口从入口变为出口，反之亦然。然而，大多数电源接口从未改变。
Devices have Power Inlets at which they are supplied with electric power. Most devices have a single Power Inlet, while some have multiple inlets. Different Power Inlets on a device are often connected to separate power distribution trees. For Energy
设备有电源插座，在插座处为设备供电。大多数设备只有一个电源插座，而有些设备有多个电源插座。设备上的不同电源插座通常连接到单独的配电树。能源
Monitoring, it is useful to retrieve information on the number of inlets of a device, the availability of power at inlets, and which inlets are actually in use.
在监控中，检索有关设备的入口数量、入口处的电源可用性以及实际使用的入口的信息非常有用。
Devices can have one or more Power Outlets for supplying other devices with electric power.
设备可以有一个或多个电源插座，用于向其他设备供电。
For identifying and potentially controlling the source of power received at an inlet, identifying the Power Outlet of another device at which the received power is provided may be required. Analogously, for each outlet, it is of interest to identify the Power Inlets that receive the power provided at a certain outlet. Such information is also required for constructing the wiring topology of electrical power distribution to devices.
为了识别和潜在地控制在入口处接收的电源，可能需要识别提供接收电源的另一装置的电源出口。类似地，对于每个插座，识别接收某个插座提供的电源的电源入口也很重要。构建配电装置的布线拓扑也需要此类信息。
Static properties of each Power Interface are required information for Energy Management. Static properties include the kind of electric current (AC or DC), the nominal voltage, the nominal AC frequency, and the number of AC phases. Note that the nominal voltage is often not a single value but a voltage range, such as, for example, (100V-120V), (100V-240V), (100V-120V,220V-240V).
每个电源接口的静态属性是能量管理所需的信息。静态特性包括电流类型（交流或直流）、标称电压、标称交流频率和交流相位数。注意，标称电压通常不是单个值，而是一个电压范围，例如，（100V-120V），（100V-240V），（100V-120V，220V-240V）。
The standard must provide means for monitoring the list of Power Interfaces of a device.
该标准必须提供监控设备电源接口列表的方法。
The standard must provide means for monitoring the operational mode of a Power Interface, which is either "Power Inlet" or "Power Outlet".
本标准必须提供监控电源接口（即“电源入口”或“电源出口”）运行模式的方法。
The standard must provide means for identifying the Power Outlet that provides the power received at a Power Inlet.
本标准必须提供识别电源插座的方法，该插座提供在电源插座处接收的电源。
The standard must provide means for identifying the list of Power Inlets that receive the power provided at a Power Outlet.
本标准必须提供识别电源插座上接收电源的电源插座列表的方法。
If the Power States allow it, the standard must provide means for monitoring the availability of power at each Power Interface. This includes indicating whether a power supply at a Power Interface is switched on or off.
如果电源状态允许，标准必须提供监控每个电源接口电源可用性的方法。这包括指示电源接口处的电源是打开还是关闭。
The standard must provide means for monitoring each Power Interface if it is actually in use. For inlets, this means that the device actually receives power at the inlet. For outlets, this means that power is actually provided from the outlet to one or more devices.
该标准必须提供监控每个电源接口（如果实际使用）的方法。对于入口，这意味着设备实际上在入口接收电源。对于插座，这意味着电源实际上从插座提供给一个或多个设备。
The standard must provide means for reporting the type of current (AC or DC) for each Power Interface as well as for a device.
该标准必须提供报告每个电源接口以及设备电流类型（AC或DC）的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the nominal voltage range for each Power Interface.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口标称电压范围的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the nominal AC frequency for each Power Interface.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口标称交流频率的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the number of AC phases for each Power Interface.
该标准必须提供报告每个电源接口的交流相数的方法。
Power is measured as an instantaneous value or as the average over a time interval.
功率以瞬时值或时间间隔内的平均值进行测量。
Obtaining highly accurate values for power and energy may be costly if dedicated metering hardware is required. Entities without the ability to measure with high accuracy their power, received energy, and provided energy may just report estimated values, for example, based on load monitoring, Power State, or even just the entity type.
如果需要专用的计量硬件，获取高精度的功率和能量值可能会很昂贵。无法高精度测量其功率、接收能量和提供能量的实体可能仅报告估计值，例如，基于负载监测、功率状态，甚至仅报告实体类型。
Depending on how power and energy values are obtained, the confidence in a reported value and its accuracy will vary. Entities reporting such values should qualify the confidence in the reported values and
根据功率和能量值的获取方式，报告值的置信度及其准确性会有所不同。报告此类价值的实体应确定报告价值的置信度，以及
quantify the accuracy of measurements. For reporting accuracy, the accuracy classes specified in IEC 62053-21 [IEC.62053-21] and IEC 62053-22 [IEC.62053-22] should be considered.
量化测量的准确性。对于报告精度，应考虑IEC 62053-21[IEC.62053-21]和IEC 62053-22[IEC.62053-22]中规定的精度等级。
Further properties of the power supplied to a device are also of interest. For AC power supply in particular, several Power Attributes beyond the real power are of potential interest to Energy Management Systems. The set of these properties includes the complex Power Attributes (apparent power, reactive power, and phase angle of the current or power factor) as well as the actual voltage, the actual AC frequency, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of voltage and current, and the impedance of an AC phase or of the DC supply. A new standard for monitoring these Power Attributes should be in line with already-existing standards, such as [IEC.61850-7-4].
提供给设备的电源的其他特性也值得关注。特别是对于交流电源，超出实际功率的几个功率属性对能源管理系统具有潜在的意义。这些属性集包括复杂的功率属性（视在功率、无功功率和电流或功率因数的相位角）以及实际电压、实际交流频率、电压和电流的总谐波失真（THD）以及交流相位或直流电源的阻抗。监测这些电力属性的新标准应符合现有标准，如[IEC.61850-7-4]。
For some network management tasks, it is desirable to receive notifications from entities when their power value exceeds or falls below given thresholds.
对于某些网络管理任务，当实体的功率值超过或低于给定阈值时，需要接收来自实体的通知。
The standard must provide means for reporting the real power for each Power Interface as well as for an entity. Reporting power includes reporting the direction of power flow.
该标准必须提供报告每个电源接口以及实体实际电源的方法。报告功率包括报告功率流的方向。
The standard must provide means for reporting the corresponding time or time interval for which a power value is reported. The power value can be measured at the corresponding time or averaged over the corresponding time interval.
本标准必须提供报告功率值的相应时间或时间间隔的方法。功率值可在相应时间测量或在相应时间间隔内平均。
The standard must provide means to indicate the method used to obtain these values. Based on how the measurement was conducted, it is possible to associate a certain degree of confidence with the reported power value. For example, there are methods of measurement such as direct power measurement, estimation based on performance values, or hard-coding average power values for an entity.
本标准必须提供方法，说明获取这些值所用的方法。根据测量方式，可以将一定程度的置信度与报告的功率值相关联。例如，有一些测量方法，如直接功率测量、基于性能值的估计或实体的硬编码平均功率值。
The standard must provide means for reporting the accuracy of reported power and energy values.
本标准必须提供报告所报告功率和能量值准确性的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the actual voltage and actual current for each Power Interface as well as for a device. For AC power supply, means must be provided for reporting the actual voltage and actual current per phase.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口以及设备的实际电压和实际电流的方法。对于交流电源，必须提供报告每相实际电压和实际电流的方法。
The standard must provide means for creating notifications if power values of an entity rise above or fall below given thresholds.
该标准必须提供在实体的功率值高于或低于给定阈值时创建通知的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the complex power for each Power Interface and for each phase at a Power Interface. In addition to the real power, at least two of the following three quantities need to be reported: apparent power, reactive power, and phase angle. The phase angle can be substituted by the power factor.
该标准必须提供报告每个电源接口和电源接口处每个相位的复杂电源的方法。除了实际功率外，还需要报告以下三个量中的至少两个：视在功率、无功功率和相位角。相位角可用功率因数代替。
The standard must provide means for reporting the actual AC frequency for each Power Interface.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口实际交流频率的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of voltage and current for each Power Interface. For AC power supply, means must be provided for reporting the THD per phase.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口电压和电流总谐波失真（THD）的方法。对于交流电源，必须提供报告每相THD的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the impedance of a power supply for each Power Interface. For AC power supply, means must be provided for reporting the impedance per phase.
本标准必须提供报告每个电源接口的电源阻抗的方法。对于交流电源，必须提供报告每相阻抗的方法。
Many entities have a limited number of discrete Power States.
许多实体具有数量有限的离散幂状态。
There is a need to report the actual Power State of an entity and to provide the means for retrieving the list of all supported Power States.
需要报告实体的实际电源状态，并提供检索所有受支持电源状态列表的方法。
Different standards bodies have already defined sets of Power States for some entities, and others are creating new Power State sets. In this context, it is desirable that the standard support many of these Power State standards. In order to support multiple management systems that possibly use different Power State sets while simultaneously interfacing with a particular entity, the Energy Management System must provide means for supporting multiple Power State sets used simultaneously at an entity.
不同的标准机构已经为一些实体定义了电源状态集，而其他实体正在创建新的电源状态集。在这种情况下，本标准支持许多电力国家标准是可取的。为了支持可能使用不同电源状态集的多个管理系统，同时与特定实体接口，能源管理系统必须提供支持在实体上同时使用多个电源状态集的方法。
Power States have parameters that describe their properties. It is required to have a standardized means for reporting some key properties, such as the typical power of an entity in a certain state.
功率状态具有描述其特性的参数。它需要有一个标准化的方法来报告一些关键属性，例如某个实体在某个状态下的典型权力。
There is also a need to report statistics on Power States, including the time spent as well as the received and provided energy in a Power State.
还需要报告电源状态的统计数据，包括在电源状态下花费的时间以及接收和提供的能量。
The standard must provide means for reporting the actual Power State of an entity.
该标准必须提供报告实体实际电力状态的方法。
The standard must provide means for retrieving the list of all potential Power States of an entity.
该标准必须提供检索实体所有潜在电源状态列表的方法。
The standard must provide means for supporting multiple Power State sets simultaneously at an entity.
该标准必须提供在一个实体上同时支持多个电源状态集的方法。
The standard must provide means for retrieving the list of all Power State sets supported by an entity.
标准必须提供检索实体支持的所有电源状态集列表的方法。
The standard must provide means for retrieving the list of all potential Power States of an entity for each supported Power State set.
标准必须提供检索每个受支持的电源状态集的实体的所有潜在电源状态列表的方法。
The standard must provide means for retrieving the typical power for each supported Power State.
标准必须提供检索每个受支持电源状态的典型电源的方法。
The standard must provide means for monitoring statistics per Power State, including the total time spent in a Power State, the number of times each state was entered, and the last time each state was entered. More Power State statistics are addressed by the requirements in Section 5.5.3.
该标准必须提供监控每个电源状态统计数据的方法，包括在电源状态下花费的总时间、每个状态输入的次数以及每个状态最后一次输入的时间。第5.5.3节中的要求说明了更多的功率状态统计。
The standard must provide means for generating a notification when the actual Power State of an entity changes.
该标准必须提供在实体的实际电源状态发生变化时生成通知的方法。
The monitoring of electrical energy received or provided by an entity is a core function of Energy Management. Since energy is an accumulated quantity, it is always reported for a certain interval of time. This can be, for example, the time from the last restart of the entity to the reporting time, the time from another past event to the reporting time, the last given amount of time before the reporting time, or a certain interval specified by two timestamps in the past.
监测实体接收或提供的电能是能源管理的核心职能。由于能量是一个累积的量，它总是在一定的时间间隔内报告。例如，这可以是从实体最后一次重新启动到报告时间的时间、从另一个过去事件到报告时间的时间、报告时间之前的最后一个给定时间量，或者由过去的两个时间戳指定的某个间隔。
It is useful for entities to record their received and provided energy per Power State and report these quantities.
实体记录每个功率状态下的接收和提供能量并报告这些数量非常有用。
The standard must provide means for reporting measured values of energy and the direction of the energy flow received or provided by an entity. The standard must also provide the means to report the energy passing through each Power Interface.
该标准必须提供报告能量测量值和实体接收或提供的能量流方向的方法。该标准还必须提供报告通过每个电源接口的能量的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the time interval for which an energy value is reported.
本标准必须提供报告能量值的时间间隔的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the received and provided energy for each individual Power State. This extends the requirements on Power State statistics described in Section 5.4.7.
标准必须提供报告每个单独电源状态的接收和提供能量的方法。这扩展了第5.4.7节中描述的功率状态统计的要求。
Batteries are special entities that supply power. The status of these batteries is typically controlled by automatic functions that act locally on the entity, and manually by users of the entity. There is a need to monitor the battery status of these entities by network management systems.
电池是供电的特殊实体。这些电池的状态通常由本地作用于实体的自动功能控制，并由实体的用户手动控制。需要通过网络管理系统监控这些实体的电池状态。
Devices containing batteries can be modeled in two ways. The entire device can be modeled as a single entity on which energy-related information is reported, or the battery can be modeled as an individual entity for which energy-related information is monitored individually according to requirements in Sections 5.1 through 5.5.
包含电池的设备可以通过两种方式建模。可将整个装置建模为一个单独的实体，在该实体上报告能源相关信息，或将电池建模为一个单独的实体，根据第5.1节至第5.5节的要求，对其能源相关信息进行单独监控。
Further information on batteries is of interest for Energy Management, such as the current charge of the battery, the number of completed charging cycles, the charging state of the battery, its temperature, and additional static and dynamic battery properties. It is desirable to receive notifications if the charge of a battery becomes very low or if a battery needs to be replaced.
有关电池的更多信息对于能量管理非常重要，例如电池的当前充电、完成充电循环的次数、电池的充电状态、温度以及其他静态和动态电池特性。如果电池电量变得非常低或需要更换电池，则需要接收通知。
The standard must provide means for reporting the current charge of a battery, in units of milliampere-hours (mAh).
本标准必须提供报告电池当前充电的方法，单位为毫安时（mAh）。
The standard must provide means for reporting the charging state (charging, discharging, etc.) of a battery.
本标准必须提供报告电池充电状态（充电、放电等）的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the number of completed charging cycles of a battery.
本标准必须提供报告蓄电池完成充电循环次数的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the actual capacity of a battery.
本标准必须提供报告电池实际容量的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the actual temperature of a battery.
本标准必须提供报告电池实际温度的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting static properties of a battery, including the nominal capacity, the number of cells, the nominal voltage, and the battery technology.
本标准必须提供报告电池静态特性的方法，包括标称容量、电池数量、标称电压和电池技术。
The standard must provide means for generating a notification when the charge of a battery decreases below a given threshold. Note that the threshold may depend on the battery technology.
该标准必须提供在电池电量低于给定阈值时生成通知的方法。请注意，阈值可能取决于电池技术。
The standard must provide means for generating a notification when the number of charging cycles of a battery exceeds a given threshold.
本标准必须提供在电池充电循环次数超过给定阈值时生成通知的方法。
If the battery technology allows, the standard must provide means for meeting requirements in Sections 5.6.1 through 5.6.8 for each individual battery contained in a single entity.
如果电池技术允许，本标准必须提供满足第5.6.1节至第5.6.8节要求的方法，用于单个实体中包含的每个单独电池。
For some network management tasks, obtaining time series of measured values from entities, such as power, energy, battery charge, etc., is required.
对于某些网络管理任务，需要从实体获取测量值的时间序列，如功率、能量、电池电量等。
In general, time series measurements could be obtained in many different ways. Means should be provided to either push such values from the location where they are available to the management system or to have them stored locally for a sufficiently long period of time such that a management system can retrieve the full time series.
一般来说，时间序列测量可以通过许多不同的方式获得。应提供方法，从管理系统可用的位置推送这些值，或在本地存储足够长的时间，以便管理系统能够检索完整的时间序列。
The following issues are to be considered when designing time series measurement and reporting functions:
在设计时间序列测量和报告功能时，应考虑以下问题：
1. Which quantities should be reported?
1. 应报告哪些数量？
2. Which time interval type should be used (total, delta, sliding window)?
2. 应使用哪种时间间隔类型（总计、增量、滑动窗口）？
3. Which measurement method should be used (sampled, continuous)?
3. 应使用哪种测量方法（取样、连续）？
4. Which reporting model should be used (push or pull)?
4. 应使用哪种报告模型（推式或拉式）？
The most discussed and probably most needed quantity is energy. But a need for others, such as power and battery charge, can be identified as well.
讨论最多、可能也是最需要的量是能量。但对其他方面的需求，如电力和电池充电，也可以确定。
There are three time interval types under discussion for accumulated quantities such as energy. They can be reported as total values, accumulated between the last restart of the measurement and a certain timestamp. Alternatively, energy can be reported as delta values between two consecutive timestamps. Another alternative is reporting values for sliding windows as specified in [IEC.61850-7-4].
对于能量等累积量，讨论了三种时间间隔类型。它们可以报告为总值，在最后一次重新开始测量和某个时间戳之间累积。或者，可以将能量报告为两个连续时间戳之间的增量值。另一种选择是报告[IEC.61850-7-4]中规定的滑动窗的值。
For non-accumulative quantities, such as power, different measurement methods are considered. Such quantities can be reported using values sampled at certain timestamps or, alternatively, by mean values for these quantities averaged between two (consecutive) timestamps or over a sliding window.
对于功率等非累积量，应考虑不同的测量方法。可以使用在特定时间戳处采样的值来报告这些量，或者，通过在两个（连续）时间戳之间或滑动窗口上平均的这些量的平均值来报告这些量。
Finally, time series can be reported using different reporting models, particularly push-based or pull-based. Push-based reporting can, for example, be realized by reporting power or energy values using the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) protocol [RFC7011] [RFC7012]. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [RFC3411] is an example of a protocol that can be used for realizing pull-based reporting of time series.
最后，可以使用不同的报告模型报告时间序列，特别是基于推式或拉式的报告模型。例如，可以通过使用IP流信息导出（IPFIX）协议[RFC7011][RFC7012]报告功率或能量值来实现基于推送的报告。简单网络管理协议（SNMP）[RFC3411]是可用于实现基于拉的时间序列报告的协议的示例。
For reporting time series of measured values, the following requirements have been identified. Further decisions concerning issues discussed above need to be made when developing concrete Energy Management standards.
为了报告测量值的时间序列，确定了以下要求。在制定具体的能源管理标准时，需要就上述问题作出进一步决定。
The standard must provide means for reporting time series of energy values. If the comparison of time series between multiple entities is required, then time synchronization between those entities must be provided (for example, with the Network Time Protocol [RFC5905]).
该标准必须提供报告能量值时间序列的方法。如果需要比较多个实体之间的时间序列，则必须提供这些实体之间的时间同步（例如，使用网络时间协议[RFC5905]）。
The standard must provide means for supporting alternative interval types. The requirement in Section 5.5.2 applies to every reported time value.
该标准必须提供支持替代间隔类型的方法。第5.5.2节中的要求适用于每个报告的时间值。
The standard should provide means for reporting the number of values of a time series that can be stored for later reporting.
标准应提供报告时间序列数值数量的方法，这些数值可存储以供以后报告。
Many entities control their Power State locally. Other entities need interfaces for an Energy Management System to control their Power State.
许多实体在本地控制其电源状态。其他实体需要能源管理系统的接口来控制其电源状态。
A power supply is typically not self-managed by devices, and control of a power supply is typically not conducted as an interaction between an Energy Management System and the device itself. It is rather an interaction between the management system and a device providing power at its Power Outlets. Similar to Power State control, power supply control may be policy driven. Note that shutting down the power supply abruptly may have severe consequences for the device.
电源通常不由设备进行自我管理，并且电源的控制通常不作为能量管理系统和设备本身之间的交互进行。它是管理系统和在其电源插座处提供电源的设备之间的交互。与电源状态控制类似，电源控制可能是策略驱动的。请注意，突然关闭电源可能会对设备造成严重后果。
The standard must provide means for setting Power States of entities.
该标准必须提供设置实体电源状态的方法。
The standard must provide means for switching a power supply off or turning a power supply on at Power Interfaces providing power to one or more devices.
本标准必须提供在向一个或多个设备供电的电源接口处关闭或打开电源的方法。
As discussed in Section 5, not all energy-related information may be available at the entity in question. Such information may be provided by other entities. This section covers only the reporting of information. See Section 8 for requirements on controlling other entities.
如第5节所述，并非所有能源相关信息都可在相关实体处获得。此类信息可由其他实体提供。本节仅涵盖信息报告。有关控制其他实体的要求，请参见第8节。
There are cases where a power supply unit switches power for several entities by turning power on or off at a single Power Outlet or where a power meter measures the accumulated power of several entities at a single power line. Consequently, it should be possible to report that a monitored value does not relate to just a single entity but is an accumulated value for a set of entities. All of the entities belonging to that set need to be identified.
在某些情况下，电源装置通过在单个电源插座上打开或关闭电源来切换多个实体的电源，或者功率计在单个电源线上测量多个实体的累计功率。因此，应该可以报告监控值不只是与单个实体相关，而是一组实体的累积值。需要识别属于该集合的所有实体。
The standard must provide means for an entity to report information on another entity.
该标准必须提供一个实体报告另一个实体信息的方法。
For entities that report on one or more other entities, the standard must provide means for reporting the identity of other entities on which information is reported. Note that, in some situations, a manual configuration might be required to populate this information.
对于报告一个或多个其他实体的实体，该标准必须提供报告信息的其他实体身份的方法。请注意，在某些情况下，可能需要手动配置来填充此信息。
The standard must provide means for reporting the list of all entities from which contributions are included in an accumulated value.
该标准必须提供报告累积价值中包含捐款的所有实体清单的方法。
For entities that report on one or more other entities, the standard must provide means for reporting the complete list of all those entities on which energy-related information can be reported.
对于报告一个或多个其他实体的实体，本标准必须提供报告所有可报告能源相关信息的实体的完整列表的方法。
For entities that report on one or more other entities, the standard must provide means for indicating what type or types of energy-related information can be reported, and for which entities.
对于报告一个或多个其他实体的实体，该标准必须提供指示可报告的能源相关信息类型和实体的方法。
This section specifies requirements for controlling Power States and power supply of entities by communicating with other entities that have the means for doing that control.
本节规定了通过与具有控制手段的其他实体通信来控制实体电源状态和电源供应的要求。
Some entities have control over Power States of other entities. For example, a gateway to a building system may have the means to control the Power State of entities in the building that do not have an IP interface. For this scenario and other similar cases, a way to make this control accessible to the Energy Management System is needed.
一些实体可以控制其他实体的电源状态。例如，建筑物系统的网关可以具有控制建筑物中没有IP接口的实体的电源状态的方法。对于这种情况和其他类似情况，需要一种使能源管理系统能够访问这种控制的方法。
In addition, it is required that an entity that has its state controlled by other entities has the means to report the list of these other entities.
此外，要求其国家受其他实体控制的实体有能力报告这些其他实体的名单。
The standard must provide means for an Energy Management System to send Power State control commands to an entity that controls the Power States of entities other than the entity to which the command was sent.
该标准必须为能源管理系统提供向控制实体（而不是向其发送命令的实体）的电源状态的实体发送电源状态控制命令的方法。
The standard must provide means for reporting the identities of the entities for which the reporting entity has the means to control their Power States. Note that, in some situations, a manual configuration might be required to populate this information.
该标准必须提供报告实体身份的方法，报告实体有能力控制其权力状态。请注意，在某些情况下，可能需要手动配置来填充此信息。
The standard must provide means for an entity to report the list of all entities for which it can control the Power State.
该标准必须为实体提供方法，以报告其可以控制电源状态的所有实体的列表。
The standard must provide means for an entity that receives commands controlling its Power State from other entities to report the list of all those entities.
该标准必须为从其他实体接收控制其电源状态的命令的实体提供方法，以报告所有这些实体的列表。
Some entities may have control of the power supply of other entities, for example, because the other entity is supplied via a Power Outlet of the entity. For this and similar cases, means are needed to make this control accessible to the Energy Management System. This need is already addressed by the requirement in Section 6.2.
一些实体可以控制其他实体的电源，例如，因为其他实体通过该实体的电源插座供电。对于这种情况和类似情况，需要采取措施使能源管理系统能够访问这种控制。第6.2节中的要求已经解决了这一需求。
In addition, it is required that an entity that has its supply controlled by other entities has the means to report the list of these other entities. This need is already addressed by requirements in Sections 5.2.3 and 5.2.4.
此外，要求由其他实体控制供应的实体有能力报告这些其他实体的名单。第5.2.3节和第5.2.4节中的要求已经解决了这一需求。
Controlling Power State and power supply of entities are considered highly sensitive actions, since they can significantly affect the operation of directly and indirectly connected devices. Therefore, all control actions addressed in Sections 6 and 8 must be sufficiently protected through authentication, authorization, and integrity protection mechanisms.
控制实体的电源状态和电源被视为高度敏感的操作，因为它们会显著影响直接和间接连接设备的运行。因此，第6节和第8节中提到的所有控制行动必须通过身份验证、授权和完整性保护机制得到充分保护。
Entities that are not sufficiently secure to operate directly on the public Internet do exist and can be a significant cause of risk, for example, if the remote control functions described in Sections 6 and 8 can be exercised on those devices from anywhere on the Internet. The standard needs to provide means for dealing with such cases. One solution is providing means that allow the isolation of such devices, e.g., behind a sufficiently secured gateway. Another solution is to allow compliant implementations to disable sensitive functions, or to not implement such functions at all.
如果第6节和第8节中所述的远程控制功能可以从互联网上的任何位置在这些设备上运行，则不足以安全地直接在公共互联网上运行的实体确实存在，并且可能是风险的重要原因。该标准需要提供处理此类案件的手段。一种解决方案是提供允许隔离此类设备的方法，例如，在充分安全的网关后面。另一个解决方案是允许兼容实现禁用敏感功能，或者根本不实现此类功能。
The monitoring of energy-related quantities of an entity as addressed in Sections 5 through 8 can be used to derive more information than just the received and provided energy; therefore, monitored data requires protection. This protection includes authentication and authorization of entities requesting access to monitored data as well as confidentiality protection during transmission of monitored data. Privacy of stored data in an entity must be taken into account. Monitored data may be used as input to control, accounting, and other actions, so integrity of transmitted information and authentication of the origin may be needed.
如第5节至第8节所述，对一个实体的能源相关数量的监测可用于获取更多信息，而不仅仅是接收和提供的能源；因此，受监控的数据需要保护。这种保护包括请求访问受监控数据的实体的身份验证和授权，以及传输受监控数据期间的保密保护。必须考虑实体中存储数据的隐私。监控数据可用作控制、记帐和其他操作的输入，因此可能需要传输信息的完整性和来源认证。
The standard must provide privacy, integrity, and authentication mechanisms for all actions addressed in Sections 5 through 8. The security mechanisms must meet the security requirements detailed in Section 1.4 of [RFC3411].
该标准必须为第5节至第8节所述的所有操作提供隐私、完整性和身份验证机制。安全机制必须满足[RFC3411]第1.4节详述的安全要求。
The standard must provide means to allow the isolation of entities that are not sufficiently secure to operate on the public Internet, e.g., behind a gateway that implements sufficient security that the vulnerable entities are not directly exposed to the Internet.
该标准必须提供方法，允许隔离不足以在公共互联网上运行的实体，例如，在实现足够安全的网关后面，使易受攻击的实体不会直接暴露于互联网。
The standard must allow compliant implementations to disable sensitive functions, or to not implement such functions at all, when operating in environments that are not sufficiently secured. This applies particularly to the control functions described in Sections 6 and 8.
该标准必须允许兼容的实现在没有足够安全的环境中运行时禁用敏感功能，或者根本不实现此类功能。这尤其适用于第6节和第8节所述的控制功能。
The authors would like to thank Ralf Wolter for his first essay on this document. Many thanks to William Mielke, John Parello, JinHyeock Choi, Georgios Karagiannis, and Michael Suchoff for their helpful comments on the document. Many thanks to Stephen Farrell, Robert Sparks, Adrian Farrel, Barry Leiba, Brian Haberman, Peter Resnick, Sean Turner, Stewart Bryant, and Ralph Droms for their IESG reviews. Finally, special thanks to the document shepherd, Nevil Brownlee, and to the EMAN working group chairs: Nevil Brownlee and Bruce Nordman.
作者要感谢拉尔夫·沃尔特（Ralf Wolter）关于本文件的第一篇文章。非常感谢William Mielke、John Parello、JinHyeock Choi、Georgios Karagiannis和Michael Suchoff对该文件的有益评论。非常感谢斯蒂芬·法雷尔、罗伯特·斯帕克斯、阿德里安·法雷尔、巴里·莱巴、布赖恩·哈伯曼、彼得·雷斯尼克、肖恩·特纳、斯图尔特·布莱恩特和拉尔夫·德罗姆斯对IESG的评论。最后，特别感谢shepherd文件Nevil Brownlee和EMAN工作组主席Nevil Brownlee和Bruce Nordman。
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[RFC6933] Bierman, A., Romascanu, D., Quittek, J., and M. Chandramouli, "Entity MIB (Version 4)", RFC 6933, May 2013.
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[IEC.60050]国际电工委员会，“电子百科：世界在线电工词汇”，2013年<http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/ 欢迎光临？openform>。
[ITU-M.3400] International Telecommunication Union, "ITU-T Recommendation M.3400 -- Series M: TMN and Network Maintenance: International Transmission Systems, Telephone Circuits, Telegraphy, Facsimile and Leased Circuits -- Telecommunications Management Network - TMN management functions", February 2000.
[ITU-M.3400]国际电信联盟，“ITU-T建议M.3400——M系列：TMN和网络维护：国际传输系统、电话电路、电报、传真和租用电路——电信管理网络——TMN管理功能”，2000年2月。
[RFC7011] Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken, "Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77, RFC 7011, September 2013.
[RFC7011]Claise，B.，Ed.，Trammell，B.，Ed.，和P.Aitken，“流量信息交换的IP流量信息导出（IPFIX）协议规范”，STD 77，RFC 7011，2013年9月。
[RFC7012] Claise, B., Ed., and B. Trammell, Ed., "Information Model for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)", RFC 7012, September 2013.
[RFC7012]Claise，B.，Ed.，和B.Trammell，Ed.，“IP流信息导出（IPFIX）的信息模型”，RFC 7012，2013年9月。
[RFC5905] Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.
[RFC5905]Mills，D.，Martin，J.，Burbank，J.，和W.Kasch，“网络时间协议版本4：协议和算法规范”，RFC 59052010年6月。
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Juergen Quittek (editor) NEC Europe Ltd. NEC Laboratories Europe Network Research Division Kurfuersten-Anlage 36 Heidelberg 69115 Germany
Juergen Quittek（编辑）NEC欧洲有限公司NEC实验室欧洲网络研究部Kurfuersten Anlage 36德国海德堡69115
Phone: +49 6221 4342-115
EMail: quittek@neclab.eu
Phone: +49 6221 4342-115
EMail: quittek@neclab.eu
Mouli Chandramouli Cisco Systems, Inc. Sarjapur Outer Ring Road Bangalore India
Mouli Chandramouli Cisco Systems，Inc.印度班加罗尔Sarjapur外环路
Phone: +91 80 4426 3947
EMail: moulchan@cisco.com
Phone: +91 80 4426 3947
EMail: moulchan@cisco.com
Rolf Winter NEC Europe Ltd. NEC Laboratories Europe Network Research Division Kurfuersten-Anlage 36 Heidelberg 69115 Germany
Rolf Winter NEC欧洲有限公司NEC实验室欧洲网络研究部Kurfuersten Anlage 36德国海德堡69115
Phone: +49 6221 4342-121
EMail: Rolf.Winter@neclab.eu
Phone: +49 6221 4342-121
EMail: Rolf.Winter@neclab.eu
Thomas Dietz NEC Europe Ltd. NEC Laboratories Europe Network Research Division Kurfuersten-Anlage 36 Heidelberg 69115 Germany
Thomas Dietz NEC欧洲有限公司NEC实验室欧洲网络研究部Kurfuersten Anlage 36海德堡69115德国
Phone: +49 6221 4342-128
EMail: Thomas.Dietz@neclab.eu
Phone: +49 6221 4342-128
EMail: Thomas.Dietz@neclab.eu
Benoit Claise Cisco Systems, Inc. De Kleetlaan 6a b1 Diegem 1831 Belgium
Benoit Claise Cisco Systems，Inc.De Kleetlaan 6a b1 Diegem 1831比利时
Phone: +32 2 704 5622
EMail: bclaise@cisco.com
Phone: +32 2 704 5622
EMail: bclaise@cisco.com