Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) C. Jennings
Request for Comments: 6216 Cisco Systems
Category: Informational K. Ono
ISSN: 2070-1721 Columbia University
R. Sparks
B. Hibbard, Ed.
Tekelec
April 2011
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) C. Jennings
Request for Comments: 6216 Cisco Systems
Category: Informational K. Ono
ISSN: 2070-1721 Columbia University
R. Sparks
B. Hibbard, Ed.
Tekelec
April 2011
Example Call Flows Using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Security Mechanisms
使用会话启动协议（SIP）安全机制的示例呼叫流
Abstract
摘要
This document shows example call flows demonstrating the use of Transport Layer Security (TLS), and Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It also provides information that helps implementers build interoperable SIP software. To help facilitate interoperability testing, it includes certificates used in the example call flows and processes to create certificates for testing.
本文档展示了示例调用流，演示了在会话启动协议（SIP）中使用传输层安全性（TLS）和安全/多用途Internet邮件扩展（S/MIME）。它还提供了帮助实施者构建可互操作SIP软件的信息。为了帮助促进互操作性测试，它包括示例调用流中使用的证书和创建测试证书的过程。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
本文件不是互联网标准跟踪规范；它是为了提供信息而发布的。
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
本文件是互联网工程任务组（IETF）的产品。它代表了IETF社区的共识。它已经接受了公众审查，并已被互联网工程指导小组（IESG）批准出版。并非IESG批准的所有文件都适用于任何级别的互联网标准；见RFC 5741第2节。
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6216.
有关本文件当前状态、任何勘误表以及如何提供反馈的信息，请访问http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6216.
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2011 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托有关IETF文件的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)自本文件出版之日起生效。请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。从本文件中提取的代码组件必须包括信托法律条款第4.e节中所述的简化BSD许可证文本，并提供简化BSD许可证中所述的无担保。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. CA Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Host Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3. User Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Call Flow with Message Over TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1. TLS with Server Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2. MESSAGE Transaction Over TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. Call Flow with S/MIME-Secured Message . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1. MESSAGE Request with Signed Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2. MESSAGE Request with Encrypted Body . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.3. MESSAGE Request with Encrypted and Signed Body . . . . . . 22
5. Observed Interoperability Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Additional Test Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix A. Making Test Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A.1. makeCA script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
A.2. makeCert script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix B. Certificates for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B.1. Certificates Using EKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B.2. Certificates NOT Using EKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
B.3. Certificate Chaining with a Non-Root CA . . . . . . . . . 58
Appendix C. Message Dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. CA Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Host Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3. User Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Call Flow with Message Over TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1. TLS with Server Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2. MESSAGE Transaction Over TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4. Call Flow with S/MIME-Secured Message . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1. MESSAGE Request with Signed Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.2. MESSAGE Request with Encrypted Body . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.3. MESSAGE Request with Encrypted and Signed Body . . . . . . 22
5. Observed Interoperability Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Additional Test Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix A. Making Test Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A.1. makeCA script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
A.2. makeCert script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix B. Certificates for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B.1. Certificates Using EKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B.2. Certificates NOT Using EKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
B.3. Certificate Chaining with a Non-Root CA . . . . . . . . . 58
Appendix C. Message Dumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
This document is informational and is not normative on any aspect of SIP.
本文件仅供参考，在SIP的任何方面均不规范。
SIP with TLS ([RFC5246]) implementations are becoming very common. Several implementations of the S/MIME ([RFC5751]) portion of SIP ([RFC3261]) are also becoming available. After several interoperability events, it is clear that it is difficult to write these systems without any test vectors or examples of "known good" messages to test against. Furthermore, testing at the events is often hindered due to the lack of a commonly trusted certification authority to sign the certificates used in the events. This document addresses both of these issues by providing messages that give detailed examples that implementers can use for comparison and that can also be used for testing. In addition, this document provides a common certificate and private key that can be used to set up a mock Certification Authority (CA) that can be used during the SIP interoperability events. Certificate requests from the users will be signed by the private key of the mock CA. The document also provides some hints and clarifications for implementers.
带有TLS（[RFC5246]）实现的SIP变得非常普遍。SIP（[RFC3261]）的S/MIME（[RFC5751]）部分的几种实现也开始可用。在几次互操作性事件之后，很明显，如果没有任何测试向量或“已知良好”消息的示例进行测试，就很难编写这些系统。此外，由于缺乏共同信任的证书颁发机构来签署事件中使用的证书，因此在事件中进行测试通常会受到阻碍。本文档通过提供消息来解决这两个问题，这些消息给出了实现人员可用于比较的详细示例，也可用于测试。此外，本文档还提供了一个公共证书和私钥，可用于设置模拟证书颁发机构（CA），该机构可在SIP互操作性事件期间使用。来自用户的证书请求将由模拟CA的私钥签名。该文档还为实现者提供了一些提示和说明。
A simple SIP call flow using SIPS URIs and TLS is shown in Section 3. The certificates for the hosts used are shown in Section 2.2, and the CA certificates used to sign these are shown in Section 2.1.
使用SIPS URI和TLS的简单SIP调用流如第3节所示。所用主机的证书见第2.2节，用于签署这些证书的CA证书见第2.1节。
The text from Section 4.1 through Section 4.3 shows some simple SIP call flows using S/MIME to sign and encrypt the body of the message. The user certificates used in these examples are shown in Section 2.3. These host certificates are signed with the same mock CA private key.
从第4.1节到第4.3节的文本显示了一些使用S/MIME对消息体进行签名和加密的简单SIP调用流。这些示例中使用的用户证书如第2.3节所示。这些主机证书使用相同的模拟CA私钥进行签名。
Section 5 presents a partial list of items that implementers should consider in order to implement systems that will interoperate.
第5节介绍了实现系统将要考虑的部分项目列表，以便实现互操作的系统。
Scripts and instructions to make certificates that can be used for interoperability testing are presented in Appendix A, along with methods for converting these to various formats. The certificates used while creating the examples and test messages in this document are made available in Appendix B.
可用于互操作性测试的证书制作脚本和说明见附录A，以及将其转换为各种格式的方法。附录B提供了在本文件中创建示例和测试消息时使用的证书。
Binary copies of various messages in this document that can be used for testing appear in Appendix C.
本文件中可用于测试的各种信息的二进制副本见附录C。
The certificate used by the CA to sign the other certificates is shown below. This is an X.509v3 ([X.509]) certificate. Note that the X.509v3 Basic Constraints in the certificate allows it to be used as a CA, certification authority. This certificate is not used directly in the TLS call flow; it is used only to verify user and host certificates.
CA用于签署其他证书的证书如下所示。这是一个X.509v3（[X.509]）证书。请注意，证书中的X.509v3基本约束允许将其用作CA、证书颁发机构。此证书不直接用于TLS调用流；它仅用于验证用户和主机证书。
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4c
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit,
OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority
Validity
Not Before: Jan 27 18:36:05 2011 GMT
Not After : Jan 3 18:36:05 2111 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit,
OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
RSA Public Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus (2048 bit):
00:ab:1f:91:61:f1:1c:c5:cd:a6:7b:16:9b:b7:14:
79:e4:30:9e:98:d0:ec:07:b7:bd:77:d7:d1:f5:5b:
2c:e2:ee:e6:b1:b0:f0:85:fa:a5:bc:cb:cc:cf:69:
2c:4f:fc:50:ef:9d:31:2b:c0:59:ea:fb:64:6f:1f:
55:a7:3d:fd:70:d2:56:db:14:99:17:92:70:ac:26:
f8:34:41:70:d9:c0:03:91:6a:ba:d1:11:8f:ac:12:
31:de:b9:19:70:8d:5d:a7:7d:8b:19:cc:40:3f:ae:
ff:de:1f:db:94:b3:46:77:6c:ae:ae:ff:3e:d6:84:
5b:c2:de:0b:26:65:d0:91:c7:70:4b:c7:0a:4a:bf:
c7:97:04:dd:ba:58:47:cb:e0:2b:23:76:87:65:c5:
55:34:10:ab:27:1f:1c:f8:30:3d:b0:9b:ca:a2:81:
72:4c:bd:60:fe:f7:21:fe:0b:db:0b:db:e9:5b:01:
36:d4:28:15:6b:79:eb:d0:91:1b:21:59:b8:0e:aa:
bf:d5:b1:6c:70:37:a3:3f:a5:7d:0e:95:46:f6:f6:
58:67:83:75:42:37:18:0b:a4:41:39:b2:2f:6c:80:
2c:78:ec:a5:0f:be:9c:10:f8:c0:0b:0d:73:99:9e:
0d:d7:97:50:cb:cc:45:34:23:49:41:85:22:24:ad:
29:c3
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4c
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit,
OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority
Validity
Not Before: Jan 27 18:36:05 2011 GMT
Not After : Jan 3 18:36:05 2111 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit,
OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
RSA Public Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus (2048 bit):
00:ab:1f:91:61:f1:1c:c5:cd:a6:7b:16:9b:b7:14:
79:e4:30:9e:98:d0:ec:07:b7:bd:77:d7:d1:f5:5b:
2c:e2:ee:e6:b1:b0:f0:85:fa:a5:bc:cb:cc:cf:69:
2c:4f:fc:50:ef:9d:31:2b:c0:59:ea:fb:64:6f:1f:
55:a7:3d:fd:70:d2:56:db:14:99:17:92:70:ac:26:
f8:34:41:70:d9:c0:03:91:6a:ba:d1:11:8f:ac:12:
31:de:b9:19:70:8d:5d:a7:7d:8b:19:cc:40:3f:ae:
ff:de:1f:db:94:b3:46:77:6c:ae:ae:ff:3e:d6:84:
5b:c2:de:0b:26:65:d0:91:c7:70:4b:c7:0a:4a:bf:
c7:97:04:dd:ba:58:47:cb:e0:2b:23:76:87:65:c5:
55:34:10:ab:27:1f:1c:f8:30:3d:b0:9b:ca:a2:81:
72:4c:bd:60:fe:f7:21:fe:0b:db:0b:db:e9:5b:01:
36:d4:28:15:6b:79:eb:d0:91:1b:21:59:b8:0e:aa:
bf:d5:b1:6c:70:37:a3:3f:a5:7d:0e:95:46:f6:f6:
58:67:83:75:42:37:18:0b:a4:41:39:b2:2f:6c:80:
2c:78:ec:a5:0f:be:9c:10:f8:c0:0b:0d:73:99:9e:
0d:d7:97:50:cb:cc:45:34:23:49:41:85:22:24:ad:
29:c3
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
06:5f:9e:ae:a0:9a:bc:b5:b9:5b:7e:97:33:cc:df:63:98:98:
94:cb:0d:66:a9:83:e8:aa:58:2a:59:a1:9e:47:31:a6:af:5c:
3f:a2:25:86:f8:df:05:92:b7:db:69:a1:69:72:87:66:c5:ab:
35:89:01:37:19:c9:74:eb:09:d1:3f:88:7b:24:13:42:ca:2d:
fb:45:e6:cc:4b:f8:21:78:f3:f5:97:ec:09:92:24:a2:f0:e6:
94:8d:97:4a:00:94:00:bd:25:b8:17:2c:52:53:5d:cc:5c:48:
a4:a1:1d:2d:f6:50:55:13:a4:d3:b2:a2:f4:f1:b9:6d:48:5e:
5c:f3:de:e0:fc:59:09:a1:d9:14:61:65:bf:d8:3f:b9:ba:2e:
7c:ed:5c:24:9b:6b:ca:aa:5f:f1:c1:1e:b0:a8:da:82:0f:fb:
4c:71:3b:4d:7b:38:c8:e3:8a:2a:19:34:44:26:0b:ea:f0:47:
38:46:28:65:04:e2:01:52:dd:ec:3d:e5:f5:53:74:77:74:75:
6d:c6:d9:c2:0a:ac:3b:b8:98:5c:55:53:34:74:52:a8:26:b1:
2f:30:22:d0:8b:b7:f3:a0:dd:68:07:33:d5:ae:b7:81:b2:94:
58:72:4e:7c:c6:72:2f:bd:6c:69:fb:b5:17:a8:2a:8d:d7:2c:
91:06:c8:0c
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
06:5f:9e:ae:a0:9a:bc:b5:b9:5b:7e:97:33:cc:df:63:98:98:
94:cb:0d:66:a9:83:e8:aa:58:2a:59:a1:9e:47:31:a6:af:5c:
3f:a2:25:86:f8:df:05:92:b7:db:69:a1:69:72:87:66:c5:ab:
35:89:01:37:19:c9:74:eb:09:d1:3f:88:7b:24:13:42:ca:2d:
fb:45:e6:cc:4b:f8:21:78:f3:f5:97:ec:09:92:24:a2:f0:e6:
94:8d:97:4a:00:94:00:bd:25:b8:17:2c:52:53:5d:cc:5c:48:
a4:a1:1d:2d:f6:50:55:13:a4:d3:b2:a2:f4:f1:b9:6d:48:5e:
5c:f3:de:e0:fc:59:09:a1:d9:14:61:65:bf:d8:3f:b9:ba:2e:
7c:ed:5c:24:9b:6b:ca:aa:5f:f1:c1:1e:b0:a8:da:82:0f:fb:
4c:71:3b:4d:7b:38:c8:e3:8a:2a:19:34:44:26:0b:ea:f0:47:
38:46:28:65:04:e2:01:52:dd:ec:3d:e5:f5:53:74:77:74:75:
6d:c6:d9:c2:0a:ac:3b:b8:98:5c:55:53:34:74:52:a8:26:b1:
2f:30:22:d0:8b:b7:f3:a0:dd:68:07:33:d5:ae:b7:81:b2:94:
58:72:4e:7c:c6:72:2f:bd:6c:69:fb:b5:17:a8:2a:8d:d7:2c:
91:06:c8:0c
The certificate content shown above and throughout this document was rendered by the OpenSSL "x509" tool. These dumps are included only as informative examples. Output may vary among future revisions of the tool. At the time of this document's publication, there were some irregularities in the presentation of Distinguished Names (DNs). In particular, note that in the "Issuer" and "Subject" fields, it appears the intent is to present DNs in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) format. If this was intended, the spaces should have been omitted after the delimiting commas, and the elements should have been presented in order of most-specific to least-specific. Please refer to Appendix A of [RFC4514]. Using the "Issuer" DN from above as an example and following guidelines in [RFC4514], it should have instead appeared as:
上面和整个文档中显示的证书内容是由OpenSSL“x509”工具提供的。这些转储仅作为信息示例包含。输出可能因工具的未来版本而异。在本文件发布时，可分辨名称（DNs）的表示存在一些不规则之处。特别要注意的是，在“颁发者”和“主题”字段中，其目的似乎是以轻量级目录访问协议（LDAP）格式显示DNs。如果这是有意的，则应在分隔逗号后省略空格，并且元素应按最具体到最不具体的顺序显示。请参考[RFC4514]的附录A。以上面的“发行人”DN为例，并遵循[RFC4514]中的指导原则，它应该显示为：
Issuer: OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority,O=sipit,L=San Jose,
ST=California,C=US
Issuer: OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority,O=sipit,L=San Jose,
ST=California,C=US
The ASN.1 ([X.683]) parse of the CA certificate is shown below.
CA证书的ASN.1（[X.683]）解析如下所示。
0:l= 949 cons: SEQUENCE
4:l= 669 cons: SEQUENCE
8:l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
10:l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
13:l= 9 prim: INTEGER :96A384174EEF8A4C
24:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
0:l= 949 cons: SEQUENCE
4:l= 669 cons: SEQUENCE
8:l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
10:l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
13:l= 9 prim: INTEGER :96A384174EEF8A4C
24:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
26:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :sha1WithRSAEncryption
37:l= 0 prim: NULL
39:l= 112 cons: SEQUENCE
41:l= 11 cons: SET
43:l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
45:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
50:l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :US
54:l= 19 cons: SET
56:l= 17 cons: SEQUENCE
58:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :stateOrProvinceName
63:l= 10 prim: UTF8STRING
43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e-69 61 California
75:l= 17 cons: SET
77:l= 15 cons: SEQUENCE
79:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :localityName
84:l= 8 prim: UTF8STRING
53 61 6e 20 4a 6f 73 65- San Jose
94:l= 14 cons: SET
96:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
98:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationName
103:l= 5 prim: UTF8STRING
73 69 70 69 74 sipit
110:l= 41 cons: SET
112:l= 39 cons: SEQUENCE
114:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationalUnitName
119:l= 32 prim: UTF8STRING
53 69 70 69 74 20 54 65-73 74 20 43 65 72 74 69 Sipit Test Certi
66 69 63 61 74 65 20 41-75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 ficate Authority
153:l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
155:l= 13 prim: UTCTIME :110127183605Z
170:l= 15 prim: GENERALIZEDTIME :21110103183605Z
187:l= 112 cons: SEQUENCE
189:l= 11 cons: SET
191:l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
193:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
198:l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :US
202:l= 19 cons: SET
204:l= 17 cons: SEQUENCE
206:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :stateOrProvinceName
211:l= 10 prim: UTF8STRING
43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e-69 61 California
223:l= 17 cons: SET
225:l= 15 cons: SEQUENCE
227:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :localityName
232:l= 8 prim: UTF8STRING
53 61 6e 20 4a 6f 73 65- San Jose
242:l= 14 cons: SET
244:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
26:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :sha1WithRSAEncryption
37:l= 0 prim: NULL
39:l= 112 cons: SEQUENCE
41:l= 11 cons: SET
43:l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
45:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
50:l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :US
54:l= 19 cons: SET
56:l= 17 cons: SEQUENCE
58:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :stateOrProvinceName
63:l= 10 prim: UTF8STRING
43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e-69 61 California
75:l= 17 cons: SET
77:l= 15 cons: SEQUENCE
79:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :localityName
84:l= 8 prim: UTF8STRING
53 61 6e 20 4a 6f 73 65- San Jose
94:l= 14 cons: SET
96:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
98:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationName
103:l= 5 prim: UTF8STRING
73 69 70 69 74 sipit
110:l= 41 cons: SET
112:l= 39 cons: SEQUENCE
114:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationalUnitName
119:l= 32 prim: UTF8STRING
53 69 70 69 74 20 54 65-73 74 20 43 65 72 74 69 Sipit Test Certi
66 69 63 61 74 65 20 41-75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 ficate Authority
153:l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
155:l= 13 prim: UTCTIME :110127183605Z
170:l= 15 prim: GENERALIZEDTIME :21110103183605Z
187:l= 112 cons: SEQUENCE
189:l= 11 cons: SET
191:l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
193:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
198:l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :US
202:l= 19 cons: SET
204:l= 17 cons: SEQUENCE
206:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :stateOrProvinceName
211:l= 10 prim: UTF8STRING
43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e-69 61 California
223:l= 17 cons: SET
225:l= 15 cons: SEQUENCE
227:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :localityName
232:l= 8 prim: UTF8STRING
53 61 6e 20 4a 6f 73 65- San Jose
242:l= 14 cons: SET
244:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
246:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationName
251:l= 5 prim: UTF8STRING
73 69 70 69 74 sipit
258:l= 41 cons: SET
260:l= 39 cons: SEQUENCE
262:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationalUnitName
267:l= 32 prim: UTF8STRING
53 69 70 69 74 20 54 65-73 74 20 43 65 72 74 69 Sipit Test Certi
66 69 63 61 74 65 20 41-75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 ficate Authority
301:l= 290 cons: SEQUENCE
305:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
307:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :rsaEncryption
318:l= 0 prim: NULL
320:l= 271 prim: BIT STRING
00 30 82 01 0a 02 82 01-01 00 ab 1f 91 61 f1 1c .0...........a..
c5 cd a6 7b 16 9b b7 14-79 e4 30 9e 98 d0 ec 07 ...{....y.0.....
b7 bd 77 d7 d1 f5 5b 2c-e2 ee e6 b1 b0 f0 85 fa ..w...[,........
a5 bc cb cc cf 69 2c 4f-fc 50 ef 9d 31 2b c0 59 .....i,O.P..1+.Y
ea fb 64 6f 1f 55 a7 3d-fd 70 d2 56 db 14 99 17 ..do.U.=.p.V....
92 70 ac 26 f8 34 41 70-d9 c0 03 91 6a ba d1 11 .p.&.4Ap....j...
8f ac 12 31 de b9 19 70-8d 5d a7 7d 8b 19 cc 40 ...1...p.].}...@
3f ae ff de 1f db 94 b3-46 77 6c ae ae ff 3e d6 ?.......Fwl...>.
84 5b c2 de 0b 26 65 d0-91 c7 70 4b c7 0a 4a bf .[...&e...pK..J.
c7 97 04 dd ba 58 47 cb-e0 2b 23 76 87 65 c5 55 .....XG..+#v.e.U
34 10 ab 27 1f 1c f8 30-3d b0 9b ca a2 81 72 4c 4..'...0=.....rL
bd 60 fe f7 21 fe 0b db-0b db e9 5b 01 36 d4 28 .`..!......[.6.(
15 6b 79 eb d0 91 1b 21-59 b8 0e aa bf d5 b1 6c .ky....!Y......l
70 37 a3 3f a5 7d 0e 95-46 f6 f6 58 67 83 75 42 p7.?.}..F..Xg.uB
37 18 0b a4 41 39 b2 2f-6c 80 2c 78 ec a5 0f be 7...A9./l.,x....
9c 10 f8 c0 0b 0d 73 99-9e 0d d7 97 50 cb cc 45 ......s.....P..E
34 23 49 41 85 22 24 ad-29 c3 02 03 01 00 01 4#IA."$.)......
595:l= 80 cons: cont [ 3 ]
597:l= 78 cons: SEQUENCE
599:l= 29 cons: SEQUENCE
601:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Subject Key Identifier
606:l= 22 prim: OCTET STRING
04 14 95 45 7e 5f 2b ea-65 98 12 91 04 f3 63 c7 ...E~_+.e.....c.
68 9a 58 16 77 27 h.X.w'
630:l= 31 cons: SEQUENCE
632:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Authority Key Identifier
637:l= 24 prim: OCTET STRING
30 16 80 14 95 45 7e 5f-2b ea 65 98 12 91 04 f3 0....E~_+.e.....
63 c7 68 9a 58 16 77 27- c.h.X.w'
663:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
665:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Basic Constraints
670:l= 5 prim: OCTET STRING
30 03 01 01 ff 0....
677:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
246:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationName
251:l= 5 prim: UTF8STRING
73 69 70 69 74 sipit
258:l= 41 cons: SET
260:l= 39 cons: SEQUENCE
262:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :organizationalUnitName
267:l= 32 prim: UTF8STRING
53 69 70 69 74 20 54 65-73 74 20 43 65 72 74 69 Sipit Test Certi
66 69 63 61 74 65 20 41-75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 ficate Authority
301:l= 290 cons: SEQUENCE
305:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
307:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :rsaEncryption
318:l= 0 prim: NULL
320:l= 271 prim: BIT STRING
00 30 82 01 0a 02 82 01-01 00 ab 1f 91 61 f1 1c .0...........a..
c5 cd a6 7b 16 9b b7 14-79 e4 30 9e 98 d0 ec 07 ...{....y.0.....
b7 bd 77 d7 d1 f5 5b 2c-e2 ee e6 b1 b0 f0 85 fa ..w...[,........
a5 bc cb cc cf 69 2c 4f-fc 50 ef 9d 31 2b c0 59 .....i,O.P..1+.Y
ea fb 64 6f 1f 55 a7 3d-fd 70 d2 56 db 14 99 17 ..do.U.=.p.V....
92 70 ac 26 f8 34 41 70-d9 c0 03 91 6a ba d1 11 .p.&.4Ap....j...
8f ac 12 31 de b9 19 70-8d 5d a7 7d 8b 19 cc 40 ...1...p.].}...@
3f ae ff de 1f db 94 b3-46 77 6c ae ae ff 3e d6 ?.......Fwl...>.
84 5b c2 de 0b 26 65 d0-91 c7 70 4b c7 0a 4a bf .[...&e...pK..J.
c7 97 04 dd ba 58 47 cb-e0 2b 23 76 87 65 c5 55 .....XG..+#v.e.U
34 10 ab 27 1f 1c f8 30-3d b0 9b ca a2 81 72 4c 4..'...0=.....rL
bd 60 fe f7 21 fe 0b db-0b db e9 5b 01 36 d4 28 .`..!......[.6.(
15 6b 79 eb d0 91 1b 21-59 b8 0e aa bf d5 b1 6c .ky....!Y......l
70 37 a3 3f a5 7d 0e 95-46 f6 f6 58 67 83 75 42 p7.?.}..F..Xg.uB
37 18 0b a4 41 39 b2 2f-6c 80 2c 78 ec a5 0f be 7...A9./l.,x....
9c 10 f8 c0 0b 0d 73 99-9e 0d d7 97 50 cb cc 45 ......s.....P..E
34 23 49 41 85 22 24 ad-29 c3 02 03 01 00 01 4#IA."$.)......
595:l= 80 cons: cont [ 3 ]
597:l= 78 cons: SEQUENCE
599:l= 29 cons: SEQUENCE
601:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Subject Key Identifier
606:l= 22 prim: OCTET STRING
04 14 95 45 7e 5f 2b ea-65 98 12 91 04 f3 63 c7 ...E~_+.e.....c.
68 9a 58 16 77 27 h.X.w'
630:l= 31 cons: SEQUENCE
632:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Authority Key Identifier
637:l= 24 prim: OCTET STRING
30 16 80 14 95 45 7e 5f-2b ea 65 98 12 91 04 f3 0....E~_+.e.....
63 c7 68 9a 58 16 77 27- c.h.X.w'
663:l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
665:l= 3 prim: OBJECT :X509v3 Basic Constraints
670:l= 5 prim: OCTET STRING
30 03 01 01 ff 0....
677:l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
679:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :sha1WithRSAEncryption
690:l= 0 prim: NULL
692:l= 257 prim: BIT STRING
00 06 5f 9e ae a0 9a bc-b5 b9 5b 7e 97 33 cc df .._.......[~.3..
63 98 98 94 cb 0d 66 a9-83 e8 aa 58 2a 59 a1 9e c.....f....X*Y..
47 31 a6 af 5c 3f a2 25-86 f8 df 05 92 b7 db 69 G1..\?.%.......i
a1 69 72 87 66 c5 ab 35-89 01 37 19 c9 74 eb 09 .ir.f..5..7..t..
d1 3f 88 7b 24 13 42 ca-2d fb 45 e6 cc 4b f8 21 .?.{$.B.-.E..K.!
78 f3 f5 97 ec 09 92 24-a2 f0 e6 94 8d 97 4a 00 x......$......J.
94 00 bd 25 b8 17 2c 52-53 5d cc 5c 48 a4 a1 1d ...%..,RS].\H...
2d f6 50 55 13 a4 d3 b2-a2 f4 f1 b9 6d 48 5e 5c -.PU........mH^\
f3 de e0 fc 59 09 a1 d9-14 61 65 bf d8 3f b9 ba ....Y....ae..?..
2e 7c ed 5c 24 9b 6b ca-aa 5f f1 c1 1e b0 a8 da .|.\$.k.._......
82 0f fb 4c 71 3b 4d 7b-38 c8 e3 8a 2a 19 34 44 ...Lq;M{8...*.4D
26 0b ea f0 47 38 46 28-65 04 e2 01 52 dd ec 3d &...G8F(e...R..=
e5 f5 53 74 77 74 75 6d-c6 d9 c2 0a ac 3b b8 98 ..Stwtum.....;..
5c 55 53 34 74 52 a8 26-b1 2f 30 22 d0 8b b7 f3 \US4tR.&./0"....
a0 dd 68 07 33 d5 ae b7-81 b2 94 58 72 4e 7c c6 ..h.3......XrN|.
72 2f bd 6c 69 fb b5 17-a8 2a 8d d7 2c 91 06 c8 r/.li....*..,...
0c .
679:l= 9 prim: OBJECT :sha1WithRSAEncryption
690:l= 0 prim: NULL
692:l= 257 prim: BIT STRING
00 06 5f 9e ae a0 9a bc-b5 b9 5b 7e 97 33 cc df .._.......[~.3..
63 98 98 94 cb 0d 66 a9-83 e8 aa 58 2a 59 a1 9e c.....f....X*Y..
47 31 a6 af 5c 3f a2 25-86 f8 df 05 92 b7 db 69 G1..\?.%.......i
a1 69 72 87 66 c5 ab 35-89 01 37 19 c9 74 eb 09 .ir.f..5..7..t..
d1 3f 88 7b 24 13 42 ca-2d fb 45 e6 cc 4b f8 21 .?.{$.B.-.E..K.!
78 f3 f5 97 ec 09 92 24-a2 f0 e6 94 8d 97 4a 00 x......$......J.
94 00 bd 25 b8 17 2c 52-53 5d cc 5c 48 a4 a1 1d ...%..,RS].\H...
2d f6 50 55 13 a4 d3 b2-a2 f4 f1 b9 6d 48 5e 5c -.PU........mH^\
f3 de e0 fc 59 09 a1 d9-14 61 65 bf d8 3f b9 ba ....Y....ae..?..
2e 7c ed 5c 24 9b 6b ca-aa 5f f1 c1 1e b0 a8 da .|.\$.k.._......
82 0f fb 4c 71 3b 4d 7b-38 c8 e3 8a 2a 19 34 44 ...Lq;M{8...*.4D
26 0b ea f0 47 38 46 28-65 04 e2 01 52 dd ec 3d &...G8F(e...R..=
e5 f5 53 74 77 74 75 6d-c6 d9 c2 0a ac 3b b8 98 ..Stwtum.....;..
5c 55 53 34 74 52 a8 26-b1 2f 30 22 d0 8b b7 f3 \US4tR.&./0"....
a0 dd 68 07 33 d5 ae b7-81 b2 94 58 72 4e 7c c6 ..h.3......XrN|.
72 2f bd 6c 69 fb b5 17-a8 2a 8d d7 2c 91 06 c8 r/.li....*..,...
0c .
The certificate for the host example.com is shown below. Note that the Subject Alternative Name is set to example.com and is a DNS type. The certificates for the other hosts are shown in Appendix B.
主机example.com的证书如下所示。请注意，主题替代名称设置为example.com，是DNS类型。其他主机的证书如附录B所示。
Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4f Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority Validity Not Before: Feb 7 19:32:17 2011 GMT Not After : Jan 14 19:32:17 2111 GMT Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, CN=example.com Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (2048 bit) Modulus (2048 bit): 00:dd:74:06:02:10:c2:e7:04:1f:bc:8c:b6:24:e7: 9b:94:a3:48:37:85:9e:6d:83:12:84:50:1a:8e:48: b1:fa:86:8c:a7:80:b9:be:52:ec:a6:ca:63:47:84: ad:f6:74:85:82:16:7e:4e:36:40:0a:74:2c:20:a9: 6a:0e:6a:7f:35:cf:70:71:63:7d:e9:43:67:81:4c: ea:b5:1e:b7:4c:a3:35:08:7b:21:0d:2a:73:07:63: 9d:8d:75:bf:1f:d4:8e:e6:67:60:75:f7:ea:0a:7a:
版本：3（0x2）序列号：96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4f签名算法：SHA1与RSA加密发行人：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，OU=sipit测试证书颁发机构有效期不在：2011年2月7日19:32:17 GMT不在：2011年1月14日19:32:17 2111 GMT主题：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，CN=example.com主题公钥信息：公钥算法：RSA加密RSA公钥：（2048位）模（2048位）8）来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源35:08:7b:21:0d:2a:73:07:63:9d:8d:75:bf:1f:d4:8e:e6:67:60:75:f7:ea:0a:7a:
6c:90:af:92:45:e0:62:05:9a:8a:10:98:dc:7c:54:
8b:e4:61:95:3b:04:fc:10:50:ef:80:45:ba:5e:84:
97:76:c1:20:25:c1:92:1d:89:0a:f7:55:62:64:fa:
e8:69:a2:62:4c:67:d3:08:d9:61:b5:3d:16:54:b6:
b7:44:8d:59:2b:90:d4:e9:fb:c7:7d:87:58:c3:12:
ac:33:78:00:50:ba:07:05:b3:b9:01:1a:63:55:6c:
e1:7a:ec:a3:07:ae:3b:02:83:a1:69:e0:c3:dc:2d:
61:e9:b2:e3:b3:71:c8:a6:cf:da:fb:3e:99:c7:e5:
71:b9:c9:17:d4:ed:bc:a0:47:54:09:8c:6e:6d:53:
9a:2c:c9:68:c6:6f:f1:3d:91:1a:24:43:77:7d:91:
69:4b
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
DNS:example.com, URI:sip:example.com
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
CC:06:59:5B:8B:5E:D6:0D:F2:05:4D:1B:68:54:1E:FC:F9:43:19:17
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
6c:90:af:92:45:e0:62:05:9a:8a:10:98:dc:7c:54:
8b:e4:61:95:3b:04:fc:10:50:ef:80:45:ba:5e:84:
97:76:c1:20:25:c1:92:1d:89:0a:f7:55:62:64:fa:
e8:69:a2:62:4c:67:d3:08:d9:61:b5:3d:16:54:b6:
b7:44:8d:59:2b:90:d4:e9:fb:c7:7d:87:58:c3:12:
ac:33:78:00:50:ba:07:05:b3:b9:01:1a:63:55:6c:
e1:7a:ec:a3:07:ae:3b:02:83:a1:69:e0:c3:dc:2d:
61:e9:b2:e3:b3:71:c8:a6:cf:da:fb:3e:99:c7:e5:
71:b9:c9:17:d4:ed:bc:a0:47:54:09:8c:6e:6d:53:
9a:2c:c9:68:c6:6f:f1:3d:91:1a:24:43:77:7d:91:
69:4b
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
DNS:example.com, URI:sip:example.com
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
CC:06:59:5B:8B:5E:D6:0D:F2:05:4D:1B:68:54:1E:FC:F9:43:19:17
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
6a:9a:d1:db:00:4b:90:86:b0:53:ea:6f:30:31:89:1e:9b:09:
14:bd:6f:b9:02:aa:6f:58:ee:30:03:b8:a1:fd:b3:41:72:ff:
b3:0d:cb:76:a7:17:c6:57:38:06:13:e5:f3:e4:30:17:4d:f7:
97:b5:f3:74:e9:81:f8:f4:55:a3:0d:f5:82:38:c3:98:43:52:
1f:84:cd:1a:b4:a3:45:9f:3d:e2:31:fd:cb:a2:ad:ed:60:7d:
fa:d2:aa:49:2f:41:a9:80:01:bb:ed:b6:75:c9:97:69:7f:0c:
91:60:f1:c4:5a:36:e8:5c:ac:e1:a8:e7:9a:55:e5:e0:cd:01:
f4:de:93:f4:38:6c:c1:71:d2:fd:cd:1b:5d:25:eb:90:7b:31:
41:e7:37:0e:e5:c0:01:48:91:f7:34:dd:c6:1f:74:e6:34:34:
e6:cd:93:0f:3f:ce:94:ad:91:d9:e2:72:b1:9f:1d:d3:a5:7d:
5e:e2:a4:56:c5:b1:71:4d:10:0a:5d:a6:56:e6:57:1f:48:a5:
5c:75:67:ea:ab:35:3e:f6:b6:fa:c1:f3:8a:c1:80:71:32:18:
6c:33:b5:fa:16:5a:16:e1:a1:6c:19:67:f5:45:68:64:6f:b2:
31:dc:e3:5a:1a:b2:d4:87:89:96:fd:87:ba:38:4e:0a:19:07:
03:4b:9b:b1
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
6a:9a:d1:db:00:4b:90:86:b0:53:ea:6f:30:31:89:1e:9b:09:
14:bd:6f:b9:02:aa:6f:58:ee:30:03:b8:a1:fd:b3:41:72:ff:
b3:0d:cb:76:a7:17:c6:57:38:06:13:e5:f3:e4:30:17:4d:f7:
97:b5:f3:74:e9:81:f8:f4:55:a3:0d:f5:82:38:c3:98:43:52:
1f:84:cd:1a:b4:a3:45:9f:3d:e2:31:fd:cb:a2:ad:ed:60:7d:
fa:d2:aa:49:2f:41:a9:80:01:bb:ed:b6:75:c9:97:69:7f:0c:
91:60:f1:c4:5a:36:e8:5c:ac:e1:a8:e7:9a:55:e5:e0:cd:01:
f4:de:93:f4:38:6c:c1:71:d2:fd:cd:1b:5d:25:eb:90:7b:31:
41:e7:37:0e:e5:c0:01:48:91:f7:34:dd:c6:1f:74:e6:34:34:
e6:cd:93:0f:3f:ce:94:ad:91:d9:e2:72:b1:9f:1d:d3:a5:7d:
5e:e2:a4:56:c5:b1:71:4d:10:0a:5d:a6:56:e6:57:1f:48:a5:
5c:75:67:ea:ab:35:3e:f6:b6:fa:c1:f3:8a:c1:80:71:32:18:
6c:33:b5:fa:16:5a:16:e1:a1:6c:19:67:f5:45:68:64:6f:b2:
31:dc:e3:5a:1a:b2:d4:87:89:96:fd:87:ba:38:4e:0a:19:07:
03:4b:9b:b1
The example host certificate above, as well as all the others presented in this document, are signed directly by a root CA. These certificate chains have a length equal to two: the root CA and the host certificate. Non-root CAs exist and may also sign certificates. The certificate chains presented by hosts with certificates signed by
上面的示例主机证书以及本文档中提供的所有其他证书都由根CA直接签名。这些证书链的长度等于两个：根CA和主机证书。存在非根CA，也可以签署证书。主机提供的证书链，证书由
non-root CAs will have a length greater than two. For more details on how certificate chains are validated, see Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of [RFC5280].
非根CA的长度将大于2。有关如何验证证书链的更多详细信息，请参阅[RFC5280]的第6.1节和第6.2节。
User certificates are used by many applications to establish user identity. The user certificate for fluffy@example.com is shown below. Note that the Subject Alternative Name has a list of names with different URL types such as a sip, im, or pres URL. This is necessary for interoperating with a Common Profile for Instant Messaging (CPIM) gateway. In this example, example.com is the domain for fluffy. The message could be coming from any host in *.example.com, and the address-of-record (AOR) in the user certificate would still be the same. The others are shown in Appendix B.1. These certificates make use of the Extended Key Usage (EKU) extension discussed in [RFC5924]. Note that the X509v3 Extended Key Usage attribute refers to the SIP OID introduced in [RFC5924], which is 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20.
许多应用程序使用用户证书来建立用户身份。的用户证书fluffy@example.com如下所示。请注意，主题备选名称有一个具有不同URL类型（如sip、im或pres URL）的名称列表。这对于与即时消息（CPIM）网关的公共配置文件进行互操作是必需的。在本例中，example.com是fluffy的域。消息可能来自*.example.com中的任何主机，并且用户证书中的记录地址（AOR）仍然相同。其他如附录B.1所示。这些证书使用[RFC5924]中讨论的扩展密钥使用（EKU）扩展。请注意，X509v3扩展密钥使用属性是指[RFC5924]中引入的SIP OID，即1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20。
Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4d Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority Validity Not Before: Feb 7 19:32:17 2011 GMT Not After : Jan 14 19:32:17 2111 GMT Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, CN=fluffy Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (2048 bit) Modulus (2048 bit): 00:a3:2c:59:0c:e9:bc:e4:ec:d3:9e:fb:99:02:ec: b1:36:3a:b7:d3:1d:4d:c3:3a:b6:ae:50:bd:5f:55: 08:77:8c:7e:a4:e9:f0:68:31:28:8f:23:32:56:19: c3:22:97:a7:6d:fd:a7:22:2a:01:b5:af:61:bd:5f: 7e:c1:14:e5:98:29:b4:34:4e:38:8a:26:ee:0d:da: db:27:b9:78:d6:ac:ac:04:78:32:98:c2:75:e7:6a: b7:2d:b3:3c:e3:eb:97:a5:ef:8b:59:42:50:17:7b: fe:a7:81:af:37:a7:e7:e3:1f:b0:8d:d0:72:2f:6c: 14:42:c6:01:68:e1:8f:fd:56:4d:7d:cf:16:dc:aa: 05:61:0b:0a:ca:ca:ec:51:ec:53:6e:3d:2b:00:80: fe:35:1b:06:0a:61:13:88:0b:44:f3:cc:fd:2b:0e: b4:a2:0b:a0:97:84:14:2e:ee:2b:e3:2f:c1:1a:9e: 86:9a:78:6a:a2:4c:57:93:e7:01:26:d3:56:0d:bd:
版本：3（0x2）序列号：96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:4d签名算法：SHA1与RSA加密发行人：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，OU=sipit测试证书颁发机构有效期不在：2011年2月7日19:32:17 GMT不在：2011年1月14日19:32:17 2111 GMT主题：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，CN=蓬松主题公钥信息：公钥算法：RSA加密RSA公钥：（2048位）模（2048位）例如：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：ac:04:78:32:98:c2:75:e7:6a:b7:2d:b3:3c:e3:eb:97:a5:ef:8b:59:42:50:17:7b:例如：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源时间：57:93:e7:01:26:d3:56:0d:bd:
b0:2f:f8:da:c7:3c:01:dc:cb:2d:31:8c:6c:c6:5c:
b4:63:e8:b2:a2:40:11:bf:ad:f8:6d:12:01:97:1d:
47:f8:6a:15:8b:fb:27:96:73:44:46:34:d7:24:1c:
cf:56:8d:d4:be:d6:94:5b:f0:a6:67:e3:dd:cf:b4:
f2:d5
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
URI:sip:fluffy@example.com, URI:im:fluffy@example.com,
URI:pres:fluffy@example.com
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
85:97:09:B8:D3:55:37:24:8A:DC:DE:E3:91:72:E4:22:CF:98:87:52
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
b0:2f:f8:da:c7:3c:01:dc:cb:2d:31:8c:6c:c6:5c:
b4:63:e8:b2:a2:40:11:bf:ad:f8:6d:12:01:97:1d:
47:f8:6a:15:8b:fb:27:96:73:44:46:34:d7:24:1c:
cf:56:8d:d4:be:d6:94:5b:f0:a6:67:e3:dd:cf:b4:
f2:d5
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
URI:sip:fluffy@example.com, URI:im:fluffy@example.com,
URI:pres:fluffy@example.com
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
85:97:09:B8:D3:55:37:24:8A:DC:DE:E3:91:72:E4:22:CF:98:87:52
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
E-mail Protection, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
a8:a9:8f:d8:8a:0b:88:ed:ff:4f:bf:e5:cd:8f:9e:7b:b8:e6:
f2:2c:aa:e3:23:5b:9a:71:5e:fd:20:a3:dd:d9:d3:c1:f2:e8:
f0:be:77:db:33:cc:8a:7b:4f:91:2b:8d:d6:f7:14:c3:8d:e0:
60:d3:34:50:bc:be:67:22:cd:f5:74:7b:f4:9a:68:a2:52:2b:
81:2f:46:d3:09:9f:25:c3:20:e8:10:d5:ef:38:7b:d1:17:d4:
f1:d7:54:67:56:f1:13:cf:2f:fc:8b:83:fc:14:e7:01:82:59:
83:cc:b1:8d:f0:c7:da:4e:b1:dc:cc:54:cf:6c:3b:47:47:59:
87:d9:16:ec:af:af:e1:12:13:23:1e:0a:db:f5:b5:ff:5d:ab:
15:0e:e3:25:91:00:0e:90:db:d8:07:11:90:81:01:3a:48:a8:
aa:9e:b0:62:d3:36:f0:0c:b7:2f:a7:17:92:52:36:29:14:0a:
d6:65:86:67:73:74:6e:aa:3c:ee:47:38:1e:c8:6e:06:81:85:
1c:2e:f0:b6:04:7d:6c:38:db:81:9c:b8:07:e3:07:be:f5:2f:
09:68:63:04:6b:87:0e:36:b9:a1:a3:fb:c8:30:0c:a0:63:8d:
6d:ab:0a:f8:44:b0:78:19:1a:38:7e:fa:6a:a1:d4:4b:4b:75:
75:bf:6f:09
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
E-mail Protection, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
a8:a9:8f:d8:8a:0b:88:ed:ff:4f:bf:e5:cd:8f:9e:7b:b8:e6:
f2:2c:aa:e3:23:5b:9a:71:5e:fd:20:a3:dd:d9:d3:c1:f2:e8:
f0:be:77:db:33:cc:8a:7b:4f:91:2b:8d:d6:f7:14:c3:8d:e0:
60:d3:34:50:bc:be:67:22:cd:f5:74:7b:f4:9a:68:a2:52:2b:
81:2f:46:d3:09:9f:25:c3:20:e8:10:d5:ef:38:7b:d1:17:d4:
f1:d7:54:67:56:f1:13:cf:2f:fc:8b:83:fc:14:e7:01:82:59:
83:cc:b1:8d:f0:c7:da:4e:b1:dc:cc:54:cf:6c:3b:47:47:59:
87:d9:16:ec:af:af:e1:12:13:23:1e:0a:db:f5:b5:ff:5d:ab:
15:0e:e3:25:91:00:0e:90:db:d8:07:11:90:81:01:3a:48:a8:
aa:9e:b0:62:d3:36:f0:0c:b7:2f:a7:17:92:52:36:29:14:0a:
d6:65:86:67:73:74:6e:aa:3c:ee:47:38:1e:c8:6e:06:81:85:
1c:2e:f0:b6:04:7d:6c:38:db:81:9c:b8:07:e3:07:be:f5:2f:
09:68:63:04:6b:87:0e:36:b9:a1:a3:fb:c8:30:0c:a0:63:8d:
6d:ab:0a:f8:44:b0:78:19:1a:38:7e:fa:6a:a1:d4:4b:4b:75:
75:bf:6f:09
Versions of these certificates that do not make use of EKU are also included in Appendix B.2
不使用EKU的证书版本也包含在附录B.2中
The flow below shows the edited SSLDump output of the host example.com forming a TLS [RFC5246] connection to example.net. In this example, mutual authentication is not used. Note that the client proposed three protocol suites including TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA defined in [RFC5246]. The certificate returned by the server contains a Subject Alternative Name that is set to example.net. A detailed discussion of TLS can be found in SSL and TLS [EKR-TLS]. For more details on the SSLDump tool, see the SSLDump Manual [ssldump-manpage].
下面的流程显示了主机example.com编辑后的SSLDump输出，该主机example.com与example.net形成TLS[RFC5246]连接。在此示例中，不使用相互身份验证。注意，客户提出了三个协议套件，包括TLS_RSA_和[RFC5246]中定义的_AES_128_CBC_SHA。服务器返回的证书包含设置为example.net的使用者替代名称。有关TLS的详细讨论，请参见SSL和TLS[EKR-TLS]。有关SSLDump工具的更多详细信息，请参阅SSLDump手册[SSLDump手册页]。
This example does not use the Server Extended Hello (see [RFC5246]).
此示例不使用服务器扩展Hello（请参阅[RFC5246]）。
New TCP connection #1: example.com(50738) <-> example.net(5061) 1 1 0.0004 (0.0004) C>SV3.1(101) Handshake ClientHello Version 3.1 random[32]= 4c 09 5b a7 66 77 eb 43 52 30 dd 98 4d 09 23 d3 ff 81 74 ab 04 69 bb 79 8c dc 59 cd c2 1f b7 ec cipher suites TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_DSS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_DES_192_CBC3_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_ECDH_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA
新的TCP连接#1:example.com（50738）<->example.net（5061）11 0.0004（0.0004）C>SV3.1（101）握手客户端版本3.1随机[32]4.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U RSA_与_AES_128_CBC_SHA这是一个数字，它是一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一个数字，一CBC与RC4、128与ECDH、RSA与RC4、128与RSA、128与RC4、128与RSATLS\u RSA\u带RC4\u 128\u MD5 TLS\u DHE\u RSA\u带CBC\u SHA TLS\u DHE\u RSA\u导出带DES40\u CBC\u SHA TLS\u RSA\u带CBC\u SHA TLS\u导出带DES40\u CBC\u SHA DSS\u
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 compression methods NULL 1 2 0.0012 (0.0007) S>CV3.1(48) Handshake ServerHello Version 3.1 random[32]= 4c 09 5b a7 30 87 74 c7 16 98 24 d5 af 35 17 a7 ef c3 78 0c 94 d4 94 d2 7b a6 3f 40 04 25 f6 e0 session_id[0]=
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5压缩方法NULL 1 0.0012（0.0007）S>CV3.1（48）握手服务器Hello Version 3.1 random[32]=4c 09 5b a7 30 87 74 c7 16 98 24 d5 af 35 17 a7 ef c3 78 0c 94 d4 d2 94 7b a6 3f 40 04 25 f6 e0会话id[0]=
cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
compressionMethod NULL
1 3 0.0012 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(1858) Handshake
Certificate
1 4 0.0012 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(14) Handshake
CertificateRequest
certificate_types rsa_sign
certificate_types dss_sign
certificate_types unknown value
ServerHelloDone
1 5 0.0043 (0.0031) C>SV3.1(7) Handshake
Certificate
1 6 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(262) Handshake
ClientKeyExchange
1 7 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(1) ChangeCipherSpec
1 8 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(48) Handshake
1 9 0.0129 (0.0085) S>CV3.1(170) Handshake
1 10 0.0129 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(1) ChangeCipherSpec
1 11 0.0129 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(48) Handshake
1 12 0.0134 (0.0005) C>SV3.1(32) application_data
1 13 0.0134 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(496) application_data
1 14 0.2150 (0.2016) S>CV3.1(32) application_data
1 15 0.2150 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(336) application_data
1 16 12.2304 (12.0154) S>CV3.1(32) Alert
1 12.2310 (0.0005) S>C TCP FIN
1 17 12.2321 (0.0011) C>SV3.1(32) Alert
cipherSuite TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA
compressionMethod NULL
1 3 0.0012 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(1858) Handshake
Certificate
1 4 0.0012 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(14) Handshake
CertificateRequest
certificate_types rsa_sign
certificate_types dss_sign
certificate_types unknown value
ServerHelloDone
1 5 0.0043 (0.0031) C>SV3.1(7) Handshake
Certificate
1 6 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(262) Handshake
ClientKeyExchange
1 7 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(1) ChangeCipherSpec
1 8 0.0043 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(48) Handshake
1 9 0.0129 (0.0085) S>CV3.1(170) Handshake
1 10 0.0129 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(1) ChangeCipherSpec
1 11 0.0129 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(48) Handshake
1 12 0.0134 (0.0005) C>SV3.1(32) application_data
1 13 0.0134 (0.0000) C>SV3.1(496) application_data
1 14 0.2150 (0.2016) S>CV3.1(32) application_data
1 15 0.2150 (0.0000) S>CV3.1(336) application_data
1 16 12.2304 (12.0154) S>CV3.1(32) Alert
1 12.2310 (0.0005) S>C TCP FIN
1 17 12.2321 (0.0011) C>SV3.1(32) Alert
Once the TLS session is set up, the following MESSAGE request (as defined in [RFC3428] is sent from fluffy@example.com to kumiko@example.net. Note that the URI has a SIPS URL and that the VIA indicates that TLS was used. In order to format this document, the <allOneLine> convention from [RFC4475] is used to break long lines. The actual message does not contain the line breaks contained within those tags.
设置TLS会话后，将从发送以下消息请求（定义见[RFC3428]）fluffy@example.com到kumiko@example.net.请注意，URI有一个SIPS URL，并且VIA表示使用了TLS。为了格式化此文档，请使用[RFC4475]中的<allOneLine>约定用于打断长行。实际消息不包含这些标记中包含的换行符。
MESSAGE sips:kumiko@example.net:5061 SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c785a077a9a8451b-1---d8754z-;
rport=50738
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sips:kumiko@example.net:5061>
From: <sips:fluffy@example.com:15001>;tag=1a93430b
Call-ID: OTZmMDE2OWNlYTVjNDkzYzBhMWRlMDU4NDExZmU4ZTQ.
CSeq: 4308 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 6
MESSAGE sips:kumiko@example.net:5061 SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c785a077a9a8451b-1---d8754z-;
rport=50738
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sips:kumiko@example.net:5061>
From: <sips:fluffy@example.com:15001>;tag=1a93430b
Call-ID: OTZmMDE2OWNlYTVjNDkzYzBhMWRlMDU4NDExZmU4ZTQ.
CSeq: 4308 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 6
Hello!
你好
When a User Agent (UA) goes to send a message to example.com, the UA can see if it already has a TLS connection to example.com and if it does, it may send the message over this connection. A UA should have some scheme for reusing connections as opening a new TLS connection for every message results in awful performance. Implementers are encouraged to read [RFC5923] and [RFC3263].
当用户代理（UA）向example.com发送消息时，UA可以查看是否已经与example.com建立了TLS连接，如果已经建立了TLS连接，则可以通过该连接发送消息。UA应该有一些重用连接的方案，因为为每条消息打开新的TLS连接会导致糟糕的性能。鼓励实施者阅读[RFC5923]和[RFC3263]。
The response is sent from example.net to example.com over the same TLS connection. It is shown below.
响应通过相同的TLS连接从example.net发送到example.com。如下所示。
SIP/2.0 200 OK
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c785a077a9a8451b-1---d8754z-;
rport=50738
</allOneLine>
To: <sips:kumiko@example.net:5061>;tag=0d075510
From: <sips:fluffy@example.com:15001>;tag=1a93430b
Call-ID: OTZmMDE2OWNlYTVjNDkzYzBhMWRlMDU4NDExZmU4ZTQ.
CSeq: 4308 MESSAGE
Content-Length: 0
SIP/2.0 200 OK
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TLS 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c785a077a9a8451b-1---d8754z-;
rport=50738
</allOneLine>
To: <sips:kumiko@example.net:5061>;tag=0d075510
From: <sips:fluffy@example.com:15001>;tag=1a93430b
Call-ID: OTZmMDE2OWNlYTVjNDkzYzBhMWRlMDU4NDExZmU4ZTQ.
CSeq: 4308 MESSAGE
Content-Length: 0
Below is an example of a signed message. The values on the Content-Type line (multipart/signed) and on the Content-Disposition line have been broken across lines to fit on the page, but they are not broken across lines in actual implementations.
下面是一个签名消息的示例。内容类型行（multipart/signed）和内容处置行上的值已跨行断开以适合页面，但在实际实现中它们不会跨行断开。
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-3a922b6dc0f0ff37-1---d8754z-;
rport=50739
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=ef6bad5e
Call-ID: N2NiZjI0NjRjNDQ0MTY1NDRjNWNmMGU1MDA2MDRhYmI.
CSeq: 8473 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: multipart/signed;boundary=3b515e121b43a911;
micalg=sha1;protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 774
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-3a922b6dc0f0ff37-1---d8754z-;
rport=50739
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=ef6bad5e
Call-ID: N2NiZjI0NjRjNDQ0MTY1NDRjNWNmMGU1MDA2MDRhYmI.
CSeq: 8473 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: multipart/signed;boundary=3b515e121b43a911;
micalg=sha1;protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 774
--3b515e121b43a911
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
--3b515e121b43a911
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
Hello!
--3b515e121b43a911
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature;name=smime.p7s
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7s
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
Hello!
--3b515e121b43a911
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature;name=smime.p7s
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7s
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 1 *
*****************
--3b515e121b43a911--
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 1 *
*****************
--3b515e121b43a911--
It is important to note that the signature ("BINARY BLOB 1") is computed over the MIME headers and body, but excludes the multipart boundary lines. The value on the Message-body line ends with CRLF. The CRLF is included in the boundary and is not part of the signature computation. To be clear, the signature is computed over data starting with the "C" in the "Content-Type" and ending with the "!" in the "Hello!".
需要注意的是，签名（“二进制BLOB 1”）是在MIME头和主体上计算的，但不包括多部分边界线。消息正文行上的值以CRLF结尾。CRLF包含在边界中，不属于签名计算的一部分。需要说明的是，签名是在“内容类型”中以“C”开头，在“Hello！”中以“！”结尾的数据上计算的。
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
Hello!
你好
Following is the ASN.1 parsing of encrypted contents referred to above as "BINARY BLOB 1". Note that at address 30, the hash for the signature is specified as SHA-1. Also note that the sender's certificate is not attached as it is optional in [RFC5652].
下面是ASN.1对加密内容的解析，上面称为“二进制Blob1”。注意，在地址30处，签名的散列被指定为SHA-1。还要注意的是，发送方证书未随附，因为它在[RFC5652]中是可选的。
0 472: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 457: [0] {
19 453: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 11: SET {
28 9: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
37 0: NULL
: }
: }
39 11: SEQUENCE {
41 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
52 420: SET {
56 416: SEQUENCE {
60 1: INTEGER 1
63 125: SEQUENCE {
65 112: SEQUENCE {
67 11: SET {
69 9: SEQUENCE {
71 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
76 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
80 19: SET {
82 17: SEQUENCE {
84 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
89 10: UTF8String 'California'
0 472: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 457: [0] {
19 453: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 11: SET {
28 9: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
37 0: NULL
: }
: }
39 11: SEQUENCE {
41 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
52 420: SET {
56 416: SEQUENCE {
60 1: INTEGER 1
63 125: SEQUENCE {
65 112: SEQUENCE {
67 11: SET {
69 9: SEQUENCE {
71 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
76 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
80 19: SET {
82 17: SEQUENCE {
84 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
89 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
101 17: SET {
103 15: SEQUENCE {
105 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
110 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
120 14: SET {
122 12: SEQUENCE {
124 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
129 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
136 41: SET {
138 39: SEQUENCE {
140 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
145 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
179 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
190 9: SEQUENCE {
192 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
199 0: NULL
: }
201 13: SEQUENCE {
203 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
214 0: NULL
: }
216 256: OCTET STRING
: 74 4D 21 39 D6 E2 E2 2C 30 5A AA BC 4E 60 8D 69
: A7 E5 79 50 1A B1 7D 4A D3 C1 03 9F 19 7D A2 76
: 97 B3 CE 30 CD 62 4B 96 20 35 DB C1 64 D9 33 92
: 96 CD 28 03 98 6E 2C 0C F6 8D 93 40 F2 88 DA 29
: AD 0B C2 0E F9 D3 6A 95 2C 79 6E C2 3D 62 E6 54
: A9 1B AC 66 DB 16 B7 44 6C 03 1B 71 9C EE C9 EC
: 4D 93 B1 CF F5 17 79 C5 C8 BA 2F A7 6C 4B DC CF
: 62 A3 F3 1A 1B 24 E4 40 66 3C 4F 87 86 BF 09 6A
: 7A 43 60 2B FC D8 3D 2B 57 17 CB 81 03 2A 56 69
: 81 82 FA 78 DE D2 3A 2F FA A3 C5 EA 8B E8 0C 36
: 1B BC DC FD 1B 8C 2E 0F 01 AF D9 E1 04 0E 4E 50
: 94 75 7C BD D9 0B DD AA FA 36 E3 EC E4 A5 35 46
: }
: }
101 17: SET {
103 15: SEQUENCE {
105 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
110 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
120 14: SET {
122 12: SEQUENCE {
124 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
129 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
136 41: SET {
138 39: SEQUENCE {
140 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
145 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
179 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
190 9: SEQUENCE {
192 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
199 0: NULL
: }
201 13: SEQUENCE {
203 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
214 0: NULL
: }
216 256: OCTET STRING
: 74 4D 21 39 D6 E2 E2 2C 30 5A AA BC 4E 60 8D 69
: A7 E5 79 50 1A B1 7D 4A D3 C1 03 9F 19 7D A2 76
: 97 B3 CE 30 CD 62 4B 96 20 35 DB C1 64 D9 33 92
: 96 CD 28 03 98 6E 2C 0C F6 8D 93 40 F2 88 DA 29
: AD 0B C2 0E F9 D3 6A 95 2C 79 6E C2 3D 62 E6 54
: A9 1B AC 66 DB 16 B7 44 6C 03 1B 71 9C EE C9 EC
: 4D 93 B1 CF F5 17 79 C5 C8 BA 2F A7 6C 4B DC CF
: 62 A3 F3 1A 1B 24 E4 40 66 3C 4F 87 86 BF 09 6A
: 7A 43 60 2B FC D8 3D 2B 57 17 CB 81 03 2A 56 69
: 81 82 FA 78 DE D2 3A 2F FA A3 C5 EA 8B E8 0C 36
: 1B BC DC FD 1B 8C 2E 0F 01 AF D9 E1 04 0E 4E 50
: 94 75 7C BD D9 0B DD AA FA 36 E3 EC E4 A5 35 46
: BE A2 97 1D AD BA 44 54 3A ED 94 DA 76 4A 51 BA
: A4 7D 7A 62 BF 2A 2F F2 5C 5A FE CA E6 B9 DC 5D
: EA 26 F2 35 17 19 20 CE 97 96 4E 72 9C 72 FD 1F
: 68 C1 6A 5C 86 42 F2 ED F2 70 65 4C C7 44 C5 7C
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: BE A2 97 1D AD BA 44 54 3A ED 94 DA 76 4A 51 BA
: A4 7D 7A 62 BF 2A 2F F2 5C 5A FE CA E6 B9 DC 5D
: EA 26 F2 35 17 19 20 CE 97 96 4E 72 9C 72 FD 1F
: 68 C1 6A 5C 86 42 F2 ED F2 70 65 4C C7 44 C5 7C
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
SHA-1 parameters may be omitted entirely, instead of being set to NULL, as mentioned in [RFC3370]. The above dump of Blob 1 has SHA-1 parameters set to NULL. Below are the same contents signed with the same key, but omitting the NULL according to [RFC3370]. This is the preferred encoding. This is covered in greater detail in Section 5.
SHA-1参数可以完全省略，而不是设置为NULL，如[RFC3370]中所述。Blob 1的上述转储将SHA-1参数设置为NULL。以下是使用相同密钥签名的相同内容，但根据[RFC3370]省略了NULL。这是首选编码。第5节对此进行了更详细的介绍。
0 468: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 453: [0] {
19 449: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 9: SET {
28 7: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
: }
: }
37 11: SEQUENCE {
39 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
50 418: SET {
54 414: SEQUENCE {
58 1: INTEGER 1
61 125: SEQUENCE {
63 112: SEQUENCE {
65 11: SET {
67 9: SEQUENCE {
69 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
74 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
78 19: SET {
80 17: SEQUENCE {
82 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
87 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
99 17: SET {
0 468: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 453: [0] {
19 449: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 9: SET {
28 7: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
: }
: }
37 11: SEQUENCE {
39 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
50 418: SET {
54 414: SEQUENCE {
58 1: INTEGER 1
61 125: SEQUENCE {
63 112: SEQUENCE {
65 11: SET {
67 9: SEQUENCE {
69 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
74 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
78 19: SET {
80 17: SEQUENCE {
82 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
87 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
99 17: SET {
101 15: SEQUENCE {
103 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
108 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
118 14: SET {
120 12: SEQUENCE {
122 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
127 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
134 41: SET {
136 39: SEQUENCE {
138 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
143 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
177 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
188 7: SEQUENCE {
190 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
: }
197 13: SEQUENCE {
199 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
210 0: NULL
: }
212 256: OCTET STRING
: 74 4D 21 39 D6 E2 E2 2C 30 5A AA BC 4E 60 8D 69
: A7 E5 79 50 1A B1 7D 4A D3 C1 03 9F 19 7D A2 76
: 97 B3 CE 30 CD 62 4B 96 20 35 DB C1 64 D9 33 92
: 96 CD 28 03 98 6E 2C 0C F6 8D 93 40 F2 88 DA 29
: AD 0B C2 0E F9 D3 6A 95 2C 79 6E C2 3D 62 E6 54
: A9 1B AC 66 DB 16 B7 44 6C 03 1B 71 9C EE C9 EC
: 4D 93 B1 CF F5 17 79 C5 C8 BA 2F A7 6C 4B DC CF
: 62 A3 F3 1A 1B 24 E4 40 66 3C 4F 87 86 BF 09 6A
: 7A 43 60 2B FC D8 3D 2B 57 17 CB 81 03 2A 56 69
: 81 82 FA 78 DE D2 3A 2F FA A3 C5 EA 8B E8 0C 36
: 1B BC DC FD 1B 8C 2E 0F 01 AF D9 E1 04 0E 4E 50
: 94 75 7C BD D9 0B DD AA FA 36 E3 EC E4 A5 35 46
: BE A2 97 1D AD BA 44 54 3A ED 94 DA 76 4A 51 BA
: A4 7D 7A 62 BF 2A 2F F2 5C 5A FE CA E6 B9 DC 5D
: EA 26 F2 35 17 19 20 CE 97 96 4E 72 9C 72 FD 1F
: 68 C1 6A 5C 86 42 F2 ED F2 70 65 4C C7 44 C5 7C
101 15: SEQUENCE {
103 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
108 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
118 14: SET {
120 12: SEQUENCE {
122 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
127 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
134 41: SET {
136 39: SEQUENCE {
138 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
143 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
177 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
188 7: SEQUENCE {
190 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
: }
197 13: SEQUENCE {
199 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
210 0: NULL
: }
212 256: OCTET STRING
: 74 4D 21 39 D6 E2 E2 2C 30 5A AA BC 4E 60 8D 69
: A7 E5 79 50 1A B1 7D 4A D3 C1 03 9F 19 7D A2 76
: 97 B3 CE 30 CD 62 4B 96 20 35 DB C1 64 D9 33 92
: 96 CD 28 03 98 6E 2C 0C F6 8D 93 40 F2 88 DA 29
: AD 0B C2 0E F9 D3 6A 95 2C 79 6E C2 3D 62 E6 54
: A9 1B AC 66 DB 16 B7 44 6C 03 1B 71 9C EE C9 EC
: 4D 93 B1 CF F5 17 79 C5 C8 BA 2F A7 6C 4B DC CF
: 62 A3 F3 1A 1B 24 E4 40 66 3C 4F 87 86 BF 09 6A
: 7A 43 60 2B FC D8 3D 2B 57 17 CB 81 03 2A 56 69
: 81 82 FA 78 DE D2 3A 2F FA A3 C5 EA 8B E8 0C 36
: 1B BC DC FD 1B 8C 2E 0F 01 AF D9 E1 04 0E 4E 50
: 94 75 7C BD D9 0B DD AA FA 36 E3 EC E4 A5 35 46
: BE A2 97 1D AD BA 44 54 3A ED 94 DA 76 4A 51 BA
: A4 7D 7A 62 BF 2A 2F F2 5C 5A FE CA E6 B9 DC 5D
: EA 26 F2 35 17 19 20 CE 97 96 4E 72 9C 72 FD 1F
: 68 C1 6A 5C 86 42 F2 ED F2 70 65 4C C7 44 C5 7C
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
Below is an example of an encrypted text/plain message that says "Hello!". The binary encrypted contents have been replaced with the block "BINARY BLOB 2".
下面是一个加密文本/普通消息的示例，该消息表示“Hello！”。二进制加密内容已替换为块“binary BLOB 2”。
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c276232b541dd527-1---d8754z-;
rport=50741
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=7a2e3025
Call-ID: MDYyMDhhODA3NWE2ZjEyYzAwOTZlMjExNWI2ZWQwZGM.
CSeq: 3260 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime;smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 565
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-c276232b541dd527-1---d8754z-;
rport=50741
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=7a2e3025
Call-ID: MDYyMDhhODA3NWE2ZjEyYzAwOTZlMjExNWI2ZWQwZGM.
CSeq: 3260 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime;smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 565
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 2 *
*****************
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 2 *
*****************
Following is the ASN.1 parsing of "BINARY BLOB 2". Note that at address 454, the encryption is set to aes128-CBC.
下面是ASN.1对“二进制Blob2”的解析。注意，在地址454处，加密设置为aes128 CBC。
0 561: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER envelopedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 3)
15 546: [0] {
0 561: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER envelopedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 3)
15 546: [0] {
19 542: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 0
26 409: SET {
30 405: SEQUENCE {
34 1: INTEGER 0
37 125: SEQUENCE {
39 112: SEQUENCE {
41 11: SET {
43 9: SEQUENCE {
45 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
50 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
54 19: SET {
56 17: SEQUENCE {
58 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
63 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
75 17: SET {
77 15: SEQUENCE {
79 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
84 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
94 14: SET {
96 12: SEQUENCE {
98 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
103 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
110 41: SET {
112 39: SEQUENCE {
114 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
119 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
153 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4E
: }
164 13: SEQUENCE {
166 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
177 0: NULL
19 542: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 0
26 409: SET {
30 405: SEQUENCE {
34 1: INTEGER 0
37 125: SEQUENCE {
39 112: SEQUENCE {
41 11: SET {
43 9: SEQUENCE {
45 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
50 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
54 19: SET {
56 17: SEQUENCE {
58 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
63 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
75 17: SET {
77 15: SEQUENCE {
79 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
84 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
94 14: SET {
96 12: SEQUENCE {
98 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
103 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
110 41: SET {
112 39: SEQUENCE {
114 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
119 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
153 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4E
: }
164 13: SEQUENCE {
166 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
177 0: NULL
: }
179 256: OCTET STRING
: B9 12 8F 32 AB 4A E2 38 C1 E0 53 69 88 D6 25 E7
: 40 03 B1 DE 79 21 A3 E8 23 5A 1B CB FB 58 F4 97
: 48 A7 C8 F0 3D DF 41 A3 5A 90 32 70 82 FA B0 DE
: D8 94 7C 6C 2E 01 FE 33 BD 62 CB 07 4F 58 DE 6F
: EA 3F EF B4 FB 46 72 58 9A 88 A0 85 BC 23 D7 C8
: 09 0B 90 8D 4A 5F 3F 96 7C AC D4 E2 19 E8 02 B6
: 0E F3 0D F2 91 4A 67 A9 EE 51 6A 97 D7 86 6D EC
: 78 6E C6 E0 83 7C E1 00 1F 5A 40 59 60 0C D7 EB
: A3 FB 04 B3 C9 A5 EB 79 ED B3 56 F8 F6 51 B2 5E
: 58 E2 D8 17 28 33 A6 B8 35 8C 0E 14 7F 90 D0 7B
: 03 00 6C 3D 81 29 F5 D7 E5 AC 75 5E E0 F0 DD E3
: 3E B2 06 97 D6 49 A9 CB 38 08 F1 84 05 F5 C0 BC
: 55 A6 D4 C9 D8 FD A4 AC 40 9F 9D 51 5B F7 3A C3
: C3 CD 3A E7 6D 21 05 D0 50 75 4F 14 D8 77 76 C6
: 13 A6 48 12 7B 25 CC 22 5D 73 BD 40 E4 15 02 A2
: 39 4A CB D9 55 08 A4 EE 4E 8A 5E BA C4 4A 46 9C
: }
: }
439 124: SEQUENCE {
441 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
452 29: SEQUENCE {
454 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: aes128-CBC (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 1 2)
465 16: OCTET STRING
: CA 35 CA BD 1E 78 83 D9 20 6C 47 B9 9F DC 91 88
: }
483 80: [0]
: 1B AE 12 C4 0E 55 96 AB 99 CC 1C 7F B5 98 A4 BF
: D2 D8 7F 94 BB B5 38 05 59 F2 38 A1 CD 29 75 17
: 1D 63 1B 0B B0 2D 88 06 7F 78 80 F3 5A 3E DC 35
: BF 22 1E 03 32 59 98 DA FD 81 5F D9 41 63 3A 18
: FD B5 84 14 01 46 0B 40 EB 56 29 86 47 8B D1 EE
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
179 256: OCTET STRING
: B9 12 8F 32 AB 4A E2 38 C1 E0 53 69 88 D6 25 E7
: 40 03 B1 DE 79 21 A3 E8 23 5A 1B CB FB 58 F4 97
: 48 A7 C8 F0 3D DF 41 A3 5A 90 32 70 82 FA B0 DE
: D8 94 7C 6C 2E 01 FE 33 BD 62 CB 07 4F 58 DE 6F
: EA 3F EF B4 FB 46 72 58 9A 88 A0 85 BC 23 D7 C8
: 09 0B 90 8D 4A 5F 3F 96 7C AC D4 E2 19 E8 02 B6
: 0E F3 0D F2 91 4A 67 A9 EE 51 6A 97 D7 86 6D EC
: 78 6E C6 E0 83 7C E1 00 1F 5A 40 59 60 0C D7 EB
: A3 FB 04 B3 C9 A5 EB 79 ED B3 56 F8 F6 51 B2 5E
: 58 E2 D8 17 28 33 A6 B8 35 8C 0E 14 7F 90 D0 7B
: 03 00 6C 3D 81 29 F5 D7 E5 AC 75 5E E0 F0 DD E3
: 3E B2 06 97 D6 49 A9 CB 38 08 F1 84 05 F5 C0 BC
: 55 A6 D4 C9 D8 FD A4 AC 40 9F 9D 51 5B F7 3A C3
: C3 CD 3A E7 6D 21 05 D0 50 75 4F 14 D8 77 76 C6
: 13 A6 48 12 7B 25 CC 22 5D 73 BD 40 E4 15 02 A2
: 39 4A CB D9 55 08 A4 EE 4E 8A 5E BA C4 4A 46 9C
: }
: }
439 124: SEQUENCE {
441 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
452 29: SEQUENCE {
454 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: aes128-CBC (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 1 2)
465 16: OCTET STRING
: CA 35 CA BD 1E 78 83 D9 20 6C 47 B9 9F DC 91 88
: }
483 80: [0]
: 1B AE 12 C4 0E 55 96 AB 99 CC 1C 7F B5 98 A4 BF
: D2 D8 7F 94 BB B5 38 05 59 F2 38 A1 CD 29 75 17
: 1D 63 1B 0B B0 2D 88 06 7F 78 80 F3 5A 3E DC 35
: BF 22 1E 03 32 59 98 DA FD 81 5F D9 41 63 3A 18
: FD B5 84 14 01 46 0B 40 EB 56 29 86 47 8B D1 EE
: }
: }
: }
: }
In the example below, some of the header values have been split across multiple lines. Where the lines have been broken, the <allOneLine> convention has been used. This was only done to make it fit in the RFC format. Specifically, the application/pkcs7-mime Content-Type line is one line with no whitespace between the "mime;" and the "smime-type". The values are split across lines for formatting, but are not split in the real message. The binary
在下面的示例中，一些标题值已跨多行拆分。如果线已断开，则使用<allOneLine>约定。这样做只是为了使其适合RFC格式。具体来说，application/pkcs7 mime内容类型行是一行，在“mime；”和“smime类型”之间没有空格。这些值会跨行拆分以进行格式化，但不会在实际消息中拆分。二进制
encrypted content has been replaced with "BINARY BLOB 3", and the binary signed content has been replaced with "BINARY BLOB 4".
加密内容已替换为“二进制BLOB 3”，二进制签名内容已替换为“二进制BLOB 4”。
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-97a26e59b7262b34-1---d8754z-;
rport=50742
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=379f5b27
Call-ID: MjYwMzdjYTY3YWRkYzgzMjU0MGI4Mzc2Njk1YzJlNzE.
CSeq: 5449 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: multipart/signed;boundary=e8df6e1ce5d1e864;
micalg=sha1;protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 1455
MESSAGE sip:kumiko@example.net SIP/2.0
<allOneLine>
Via: SIP/2.0/TCP 192.0.2.2:15001;
branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-97a26e59b7262b34-1---d8754z-;
rport=50742
</allOneLine>
Max-Forwards: 70
To: <sip:kumiko@example.net>
From: <sip:fluffy@example.com>;tag=379f5b27
Call-ID: MjYwMzdjYTY3YWRkYzgzMjU0MGI4Mzc2Njk1YzJlNzE.
CSeq: 5449 MESSAGE
<allOneLine>
Accept: multipart/signed, text/plain, application/pkcs7-mime,
application/sdp, multipart/alternative
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: multipart/signed;boundary=e8df6e1ce5d1e864;
micalg=sha1;protocol="application/pkcs7-signature"
</allOneLine>
Content-Length: 1455
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime;smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864
<allOneLine>
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime;smime-type=enveloped-data;
name=smime.p7m
</allOneLine>
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 3 *
*****************
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature;name=smime.p7s
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7s
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 3 *
*****************
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864
Content-Type: application/pkcs7-signature;name=smime.p7s
<allOneLine>
Content-Disposition: attachment;handling=required;
filename=smime.p7s
</allOneLine>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 4 *
*****************
* BINARY BLOB 4 *
*****************
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864--
*****************
--e8df6e1ce5d1e864--
Below is the ASN.1 parsing of "BINARY BLOB 3".
下面是ASN.1对“二进制Blob3”的解析。
0 561: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER envelopedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 3)
15 546: [0] {
19 542: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 0
26 409: SET {
30 405: SEQUENCE {
34 1: INTEGER 0
37 125: SEQUENCE {
39 112: SEQUENCE {
41 11: SET {
43 9: SEQUENCE {
45 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
50 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
54 19: SET {
56 17: SEQUENCE {
58 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
63 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
75 17: SET {
77 15: SEQUENCE {
79 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
84 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
94 14: SET {
96 12: SEQUENCE {
98 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
103 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
110 41: SET {
112 39: SEQUENCE {
114 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
119 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
0 561: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER envelopedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 3)
15 546: [0] {
19 542: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 0
26 409: SET {
30 405: SEQUENCE {
34 1: INTEGER 0
37 125: SEQUENCE {
39 112: SEQUENCE {
41 11: SET {
43 9: SEQUENCE {
45 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
50 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
54 19: SET {
56 17: SEQUENCE {
58 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
63 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
75 17: SET {
77 15: SEQUENCE {
79 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
84 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
94 14: SET {
96 12: SEQUENCE {
98 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
103 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
110 41: SET {
112 39: SEQUENCE {
114 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
119 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
153 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4E
: }
164 13: SEQUENCE {
166 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
177 0: NULL
: }
179 256: OCTET STRING
: 49 11 0B 11 52 A9 9D E3 AA FB 86 CB EB 12 CC 8E
: 96 9D 85 3E 80 D2 7C C4 9B B7 81 4B B5 FA 13 80
: 6A 6A B2 34 72 D8 C0 82 60 DA B3 43 F8 51 8C 32
: 8B DD D0 76 6D 9C 46 73 C1 44 A0 10 FF 16 A4 83
: 74 85 21 74 7D E0 FD 42 C0 97 00 82 A2 80 81 22
: 9C A2 82 0A 85 F0 68 EF 9A D7 6D 1D 24 2B A9 5E
: B3 9A A0 3E A7 D9 1D 1C D7 42 CB 6F A5 81 66 23
: 28 00 7C 99 6A B6 03 3F 7E F6 48 EA 91 49 35 F1
: FD 40 54 5D AC F7 84 EA 3F 27 43 FD DE E2 10 DD
: 63 C4 35 4A 13 63 0B 6D 0D 9A D5 AB 72 39 69 8C
: 65 4C 44 C4 A3 31 60 79 B9 A8 A3 A1 03 FD 41 25
: 12 E5 F3 F8 47 CE 8C 42 D9 26 77 A5 57 AF 1A 95
: BF 05 A5 E9 47 F2 D1 AE DC 13 7E 1B 83 5C 8C C4
: 1F 31 BC 59 E6 FD 6E 9A B0 91 EC 71 A6 7F 28 3E
: 23 1B 40 E2 C0 60 CF 5E 5B 86 08 06 82 B4 B7 DB
: 00 DD AC 3A 39 27 E2 7C 96 AD 8A E9 C3 B8 06 5E
: }
: }
439 124: SEQUENCE {
441 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
452 29: SEQUENCE {
454 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: aes128-CBC (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 1 2)
465 16: OCTET STRING
: 88 9B 13 75 A7 66 14 C3 CF CD C6 FF D2 91 5D A0
: }
483 80: [0]
: 80 0B A3 B7 57 89 B4 F4 70 AE 1D 14 A9 35 DD F9
: 1D 66 29 46 52 40 13 E1 3B 4A 23 E5 EC AB F9 35
: A6 B6 A4 BE C0 02 31 06 19 C4 39 22 7D 10 4C 0D
: F4 96 04 78 11 85 4E 7E E3 C3 BC B2 DF 55 17 79
: 5F F2 4E E5 25 42 37 45 39 5D F6 DA 57 9A 4E 0B
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
153 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4E
: }
164 13: SEQUENCE {
166 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
177 0: NULL
: }
179 256: OCTET STRING
: 49 11 0B 11 52 A9 9D E3 AA FB 86 CB EB 12 CC 8E
: 96 9D 85 3E 80 D2 7C C4 9B B7 81 4B B5 FA 13 80
: 6A 6A B2 34 72 D8 C0 82 60 DA B3 43 F8 51 8C 32
: 8B DD D0 76 6D 9C 46 73 C1 44 A0 10 FF 16 A4 83
: 74 85 21 74 7D E0 FD 42 C0 97 00 82 A2 80 81 22
: 9C A2 82 0A 85 F0 68 EF 9A D7 6D 1D 24 2B A9 5E
: B3 9A A0 3E A7 D9 1D 1C D7 42 CB 6F A5 81 66 23
: 28 00 7C 99 6A B6 03 3F 7E F6 48 EA 91 49 35 F1
: FD 40 54 5D AC F7 84 EA 3F 27 43 FD DE E2 10 DD
: 63 C4 35 4A 13 63 0B 6D 0D 9A D5 AB 72 39 69 8C
: 65 4C 44 C4 A3 31 60 79 B9 A8 A3 A1 03 FD 41 25
: 12 E5 F3 F8 47 CE 8C 42 D9 26 77 A5 57 AF 1A 95
: BF 05 A5 E9 47 F2 D1 AE DC 13 7E 1B 83 5C 8C C4
: 1F 31 BC 59 E6 FD 6E 9A B0 91 EC 71 A6 7F 28 3E
: 23 1B 40 E2 C0 60 CF 5E 5B 86 08 06 82 B4 B7 DB
: 00 DD AC 3A 39 27 E2 7C 96 AD 8A E9 C3 B8 06 5E
: }
: }
439 124: SEQUENCE {
441 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
452 29: SEQUENCE {
454 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: aes128-CBC (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 1 2)
465 16: OCTET STRING
: 88 9B 13 75 A7 66 14 C3 CF CD C6 FF D2 91 5D A0
: }
483 80: [0]
: 80 0B A3 B7 57 89 B4 F4 70 AE 1D 14 A9 35 DD F9
: 1D 66 29 46 52 40 13 E1 3B 4A 23 E5 EC AB F9 35
: A6 B6 A4 BE C0 02 31 06 19 C4 39 22 7D 10 4C 0D
: F4 96 04 78 11 85 4E 7E E3 C3 BC B2 DF 55 17 79
: 5F F2 4E E5 25 42 37 45 39 5D F6 DA 57 9A 4E 0B
: }
: }
: }
: }
Below is the ASN.1 parsing of "BINARY BLOB 4".
下面是ASN.1对“二进制Blob4”的解析。
0 472: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 457: [0] {
19 453: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 11: SET {
28 9: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
37 0: NULL
: }
: }
39 11: SEQUENCE {
41 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
52 420: SET {
56 416: SEQUENCE {
60 1: INTEGER 1
63 125: SEQUENCE {
65 112: SEQUENCE {
67 11: SET {
69 9: SEQUENCE {
71 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
76 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
80 19: SET {
82 17: SEQUENCE {
84 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
89 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
101 17: SET {
103 15: SEQUENCE {
105 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
110 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
120 14: SET {
122 12: SEQUENCE {
124 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
129 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
136 41: SET {
0 472: SEQUENCE {
4 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER signedData (1 2 840 113549 1 7 2)
15 457: [0] {
19 453: SEQUENCE {
23 1: INTEGER 1
26 11: SET {
28 9: SEQUENCE {
30 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
37 0: NULL
: }
: }
39 11: SEQUENCE {
41 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER data (1 2 840 113549 1 7 1)
: }
52 420: SET {
56 416: SEQUENCE {
60 1: INTEGER 1
63 125: SEQUENCE {
65 112: SEQUENCE {
67 11: SET {
69 9: SEQUENCE {
71 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
76 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
80 19: SET {
82 17: SEQUENCE {
84 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: stateOrProvinceName (2 5 4 8)
89 10: UTF8String 'California'
: }
: }
101 17: SET {
103 15: SEQUENCE {
105 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER localityName (2 5 4 7)
110 8: UTF8String 'San Jose'
: }
: }
120 14: SET {
122 12: SEQUENCE {
124 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationName (2 5 4 10)
129 5: UTF8String 'sipit'
: }
: }
136 41: SET {
138 39: SEQUENCE {
140 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
145 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
179 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
190 9: SEQUENCE {
192 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
199 0: NULL
: }
201 13: SEQUENCE {
203 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
214 0: NULL
: }
216 256: OCTET STRING
: 6E 51 AC 24 2E BA 7C A1 EE 80 A8 55 BC D4 64 5D
: E5 29 09 5F B2 AF AA 6F 91 D2 97 79 32 5B AF CA
: FE A1 73 FC E5 57 4E C6 3B 67 35 AA E4 78 1E 59
: 93 EE 67 63 77 1E 7A 82 BC 1E 26 0F 39 75 0C A6
: 26 92 01 6A B7 5D F0 C0 2C 51 46 FB A7 36 44 E3
: 64 C6 11 CB 0B 6B FD F3 6D 7C FD 3E AE 2E 91 BB
: 78 9E F4 1B A1 20 68 B9 DE D3 E3 0C FC F7 14 9A
: 2C 64 AB 27 52 BD 52 EC 27 88 14 BD DB C3 54 C7
: EA 48 DB 07 E9 9B 2E C8 BE 62 A2 76 83 53 37 E8
: 02 4B D1 86 E9 DF 2E BD 93 39 EC 2F 01 53 A0 7F
: 1A B9 A6 31 FC E7 91 1C DB 22 4A 67 83 94 B2 4E
: 28 A9 CD DE 4A 04 6A E0 86 90 7B 58 5F DB 7A 96
: 96 A0 25 61 C2 58 A2 28 E5 B3 B2 F1 6D 51 06 9C
: 78 61 0D D8 3A A7 9F A3 B5 87 0B 80 11 C2 A9 1A
: E5 17 1C EB 82 55 AB CD 04 E7 D9 5B 11 E8 B7 47
: FE FD CC B7 DB 47 6F 77 85 9E 24 D8 11 E1 E4 7D
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
138 39: SEQUENCE {
140 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: organizationalUnitName (2 5 4 11)
145 32: UTF8String 'Sipit Test Certificate
Authority'
: }
: }
: }
179 9: INTEGER 00 96 A3 84 17 4E EF 8A 4D
: }
190 9: SEQUENCE {
192 5: OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha1 (1 3 14 3 2 26)
199 0: NULL
: }
201 13: SEQUENCE {
203 9: OBJECT IDENTIFIER
: rsaEncryption (1 2 840 113549 1 1 1)
214 0: NULL
: }
216 256: OCTET STRING
: 6E 51 AC 24 2E BA 7C A1 EE 80 A8 55 BC D4 64 5D
: E5 29 09 5F B2 AF AA 6F 91 D2 97 79 32 5B AF CA
: FE A1 73 FC E5 57 4E C6 3B 67 35 AA E4 78 1E 59
: 93 EE 67 63 77 1E 7A 82 BC 1E 26 0F 39 75 0C A6
: 26 92 01 6A B7 5D F0 C0 2C 51 46 FB A7 36 44 E3
: 64 C6 11 CB 0B 6B FD F3 6D 7C FD 3E AE 2E 91 BB
: 78 9E F4 1B A1 20 68 B9 DE D3 E3 0C FC F7 14 9A
: 2C 64 AB 27 52 BD 52 EC 27 88 14 BD DB C3 54 C7
: EA 48 DB 07 E9 9B 2E C8 BE 62 A2 76 83 53 37 E8
: 02 4B D1 86 E9 DF 2E BD 93 39 EC 2F 01 53 A0 7F
: 1A B9 A6 31 FC E7 91 1C DB 22 4A 67 83 94 B2 4E
: 28 A9 CD DE 4A 04 6A E0 86 90 7B 58 5F DB 7A 96
: 96 A0 25 61 C2 58 A2 28 E5 B3 B2 F1 6D 51 06 9C
: 78 61 0D D8 3A A7 9F A3 B5 87 0B 80 11 C2 A9 1A
: E5 17 1C EB 82 55 AB CD 04 E7 D9 5B 11 E8 B7 47
: FE FD CC B7 DB 47 6F 77 85 9E 24 D8 11 E1 E4 7D
: }
: }
: }
: }
: }
This section describes some common interoperability problems. These were observed by the authors at SIPit interoperability events. Implementers should be careful to verify that their systems do not introduce these common problems, and, when possible, make their
本节介绍一些常见的互操作性问题。这些是作者在SIPit互操作性活动中观察到的。实现者应该小心地验证他们的系统没有引入这些常见问题，并且在可能的情况下，使其
clients forgiving in what they receive. Implementations should take extra care to produce reasonable error messages when interacting with software that has these problems.
客户会原谅他们所收到的。在与存在这些问题的软件交互时，实现应该特别注意生成合理的错误消息。
Some SIP clients incorrectly only do SSLv3 and do not support TLS. See Section 26.2.1 of [RFC3261].
一些SIP客户端错误地只执行SSLv3，不支持TLS。参见[RFC3261]第26.2.1节。
Many SIP clients were found to accept expired certificates with no warning or error. See Section 4.1.2.5 of [RFC5280].
发现许多SIP客户端接受过期证书时没有任何警告或错误。见[RFC5280]第4.1.2.5节。
When used with SIP, TLS and S/MIME provide the identity of the peer that a client is communicating with in the Subject Alternative Name in the certificate. The software checks that this name corresponds to the identity the server is trying to contact. Normative text describing path validation can be found in Section 7 of [RFC5922] and Section 6 of [RFC5280]. If a client is trying to set up a TLS connection to good.example.com and it gets a TLS connection set up with a server that presents a valid certificate but with the name evil.example.com, it will typically generate an error or warning of some type. Similarly with S/MIME, if a user is trying to communicate with sip:fluffy@example.com, one of the items in the Subject Alternate Name set in the certificate will need to match according to the certificate validation rules in Section 23 of [RFC3261] and Section 6 of [RFC5280].
与SIP一起使用时，TLS和S/MIME以证书中的使用者替代名称提供客户端正在与之通信的对等方的标识。软件将检查此名称是否与服务器试图联系的身份相对应。描述路径验证的规范性文本可在[RFC5922]第7节和[RFC5280]第6节中找到。如果客户端试图设置到good.example.com的TLS连接，并且它与提供有效证书但名称为evil.example.com的服务器建立了TLS连接，则它通常会生成某种类型的错误或警告。与S/MIME类似，如果用户尝试与sip通信：fluffy@example.com，根据[RFC3261]第23节和[RFC5280]第6节中的证书验证规则，证书中设置的受试者备选名称中的一项需要匹配。
Some implementations used binary MIME encodings while others used base64. It is advisable that implementations send only binary and are prepared to receive either. See Section 3.2 of [RFC5621].
一些实现使用二进制MIME编码，而其他实现使用base64。建议实现只发送二进制文件，并准备接收其中任何一个。见[RFC5621]第3.2节。
In several places in this document, the messages contain the encoding for the SHA-1 digest algorithm identifier. The preferred form for encoding as set out in Section 2 of [RFC3370] is the form in which the optional AlgorithmIdentifier parameter field is omitted. However, [RFC3370] also says the recipients need to be able to receive the form in which the AlgorithmIdentifier parameter field is present and set to NULL. Examples of the form using NULL can be found in Section 4.2 of [RFC4134]. Receivers really do need to be able to receive the form that includes the NULL because the NULL form, while not preferred, is what was observed as being generated by most implementations. Implementers should also note that if the algorithm is MD5 instead of SHA-1, then the form that omits the AlgorithmIdentifier parameters field is not allowed and the sender has to use the form where the NULL is included.
在本文档的几个地方，消息包含SHA-1摘要算法标识符的编码。[RFC3370]第2节规定的首选编码形式是省略可选算法标识符参数字段的形式。但是，[RFC3370]还表示，接收者需要能够接收存在AlgorithmIdentifier参数字段并设置为NULL的表单。使用NULL的表格示例见[RFC4134]第4.2节。接收者确实需要能够接收包含空值的表单，因为空值表单虽然不是首选的表单，但大多数实现都会生成空值表单。实现者还应注意，如果算法是MD5而不是SHA-1，则不允许省略AlgorithmIdentifier参数字段的表单，发送者必须使用包含NULL的表单。
The preferred encryption algorithm for S/MIME in SIP is AES as defined in [RFC3853].
SIP中S/MIME的首选加密算法是[RFC3853]中定义的AES。
Observed S/MIME interoperability has been better when UAs did not attach the senders' certificates. Attaching the certificates significantly increases the size of the messages, which should be considered when sending over UDP. Furthermore, the receiver cannot rely on the sender to always send the certificate, so it does not turn out to be useful in most situations.
当UAs没有附加发送者的证书时，观察到的S/MIME互操作性更好。附加证书会显著增加消息的大小，在通过UDP发送时应考虑这一点。此外，接收方不能依赖发送方始终发送证书，因此它在大多数情况下都没有用处。
Please note that the certificate path validation algorithm described in Section 6 of [RFC5280] is a complex algorithm for which all of the details matter. There are numerous ways in which failing to precisely implement the algorithm as specified in Section 6 of [RFC5280] can create a security flaw, a simple example of which is the failure to check the expiration date that is already mentioned above. It is important for developers to ensure that this validation is performed and that the results are verified by their applications or any libraries that they use.
请注意，[RFC5280]第6节中描述的证书路径验证算法是一个复杂的算法，所有细节都很重要。有很多种方式，如果未能按照[RFC5280]第6节的规定准确实施算法，可能会产生安全漏洞，其中一个简单的例子就是未能检查上述过期日期。开发人员必须确保执行此验证，并确保其应用程序或使用的任何库验证结果。
This section provides a non-exhaustive list of tests that implementations should perform while developing systems that use S/MIME and TLS for SIP.
本节提供了在开发使用S/MIME和TLS for SIP的系统时实现应执行的测试的非详尽列表。
Much of the required behavior for inspecting certificates when using S/MIME and TLS with SIP is currently underspecified. The non-normative recommendations in this document capture the current folklore around that required behavior, guided by both related normative works such as [RFC4474] (particularly, Section 13.4 Domain Names and Subordination) and informative works such as [RFC2818], Section 3.1. To summarize, test plans should:
在将S/MIME和TLS与SIP一起使用时，检查证书所需的许多行为目前还没有明确规定。本文件中的非规范性建议以相关规范性著作（如[RFC4474]（特别是第13.4节域名和从属关系）和信息性著作（如[RFC2818]第3.1节）为指导，捕捉了当前关于所需行为的民间传说。总之，测试计划应：
o For S/MIME secured bodies, ensure that the peer's URI (address-of-record, as per [RFC3261], Section 23.3) appears in the subjectAltName of the peer's certificate as a uniformResourceIdentifier field.
o 对于S/MIME安全实体，确保对等方的URI（记录地址，根据[RFC3261]第23.3节）作为uniformResourceIdentifier字段出现在对等方证书的subjectAltName中。
o For TLS, ensure that the peer's hostname appears as described in [RFC5922]. Also:
o 对于TLS，请确保对等机的主机名显示如[RFC5922]中所述。也：
* ensure an exact match in a dNSName entry in the subjectAltName if there are any dNSNames in the subjectAltName. Wildcard matching is not allowed against these dNSName entries. See Section 7.1 of [RFC5922].
* 如果subjectAltName中存在任何dNSName，请确保subjectAltName中的dNSName条目完全匹配。不允许对这些dNSName条目进行通配符匹配。见[RFC5922]第7.1节。
* ensure that the most specific CommonName in the Subject field matches if there are no dNSName entries in the subjectAltName at all (which is not the same as there being no matching
* 如果subjectAltName中根本没有dNSName条目，请确保Subject字段中最特定的CommonName匹配（这与没有匹配不同）
dNSName entries). This match can be either exact, or against an entry that uses the wildcard matching character '*'.
dNSName条目）。此匹配可以是精确匹配，也可以是针对使用通配符匹配字符“*”的条目的匹配。
The peer's hostname is discovered from the initial DNS query in the server location process [RFC3263].
对等方的主机名是从服务器位置进程[RFC3263]中的初始DNS查询中发现的。
o IP addresses can appear in subjectAltName ([RFC5280]) of the peer's certificate, e.g., "IP:192.168.0.1". Note that if IP addresses are used in subjectAltName, there are important ramifications regarding the use of Record-Route headers that also need to be considered. See Section 7.5 of [RFC5922]. Use of IP addresses instead of domain names is inadvisable.
o IP地址可以出现在对等方证书的subjectAltName（[RFC5280]）中，例如“IP:192.168.0.1”。请注意，如果在subjectAltName中使用IP地址，则还需要考虑有关记录路由头的使用的一些重要影响。见[RFC5922]第7.5节。使用IP地址代替域名是不可取的。
For each of these tests, an implementation will proceed past the verification point only if the certificate is "good". S/MIME protected requests presenting bad certificate data will be rejected. S/MIME protected responses presenting bad certificate information will be ignored. TLS connections involving bad certificate data will not be completed.
对于这些测试中的每一个，只有在证书“良好”的情况下，实现才会通过验证点。将拒绝提供错误证书数据的受S/MIME保护的请求。将忽略提供错误证书信息的受S/MIME保护的响应。涉及错误证书数据的TLS连接将无法完成。
1. S/MIME : Good peer certificate
1. S/MIME：良好的对等证书
2. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate (peer URI does not appear in subjectAltName)
2. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（对等URI未出现在subjectAltName中）
3. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate (valid authority chain does not end at a trusted CA)
3. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（有效的权限链不以受信任的CA结尾）
4. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate (incomplete authority chain)
4. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（不完整的权限链）
5. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate (the current time does not fall within the period of validity)
5. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（当前时间不在有效期内）
6. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate (certificate, or certificate in authority chain, has been revoked)
6. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（证书或权限链中的证书已被吊销）
7. S/MIME : Bad peer certificate ("Digital Signature" is not specified as an X509v3 Key Usage)
7. S/MIME:错误的对等证书（“数字签名”未指定为X509v3密钥用法）
8. TLS : Good peer certificate (hostname appears in dNSName in subjectAltName)
8. TLS:Good peer certificate（主机名出现在subjectAltName中的dNSName中）
9. TLS : Good peer certificate (no dNSNames in subjectAltName, hostname appears in Common Name (CN) of Subject)
9. TLS：良好的对等证书（subjectAltName中没有dnsname，主机名出现在Subject的公用名（CN）中）
10. TLS : Good peer certificate (CN of Subject empty, and subjectAltName extension contains an iPAddress stored in the octet string in network byte order form as specified in RFC 791 [RFC0791])
10. TLS:Good peer certificate（Subject的CN为空，subjectAltName扩展名包含以RFC 791[RFC0791]中指定的网络字节顺序形式存储在八位字节字符串中的IP地址）
11. TLS : Bad peer certificate (no match in dNSNames or in the Subject CN)
11. TLS:错误的对等证书（dNSNames或主题CN中不匹配）
12. TLS : Bad peer certificate (valid authority chain does not end at a trusted CA)
12. TLS:错误的对等证书（有效的权限链不以受信任的CA结尾）
13. TLS : Bad peer certificate (incomplete authority chain)
13. TLS:错误的对等证书（不完整的权限链）
14. TLS : Bad peer certificate (the current time does not fall within the period of validity)
14. TLS:错误的对等证书（当前时间不在有效期内）
15. TLS : Bad peer certificate (certificate, or certificate in authority chain, has been revoked)
15. TLS:错误的对等证书（证书或权限链中的证书已被吊销）
16. TLS : Bad peer certificate ("TLS Web Server Authentication" is not specified as an X509v3 Key Usage)
16. TLS:错误的对等证书（“TLS Web服务器身份验证”未指定为X509v3密钥用法）
17. TLS : Bad peer certificate (Neither "SIP Domain" nor "Any Extended Key Usage" specified as an X509v3 Extended Key Usage, and X509v3 Extended Key Usage is present)
17. TLS:错误的对等证书（既没有指定为X509v3扩展密钥用法的“SIP域”也没有指定为X509v3扩展密钥用法，并且存在X509v3扩展密钥用法）
Many thanks to the developers of all the open source software used to create these call flows. This includes the underlying crypto and TLS software used from openssl.org, the SIP stack from www.resiprocate.org, and the SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE) Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IMPP) agent from www.sipimp.org. The TLS flow dumps were done with SSLDump from http://www.rtfm.com/ssldump. The book "SSL and TLS" [EKR-TLS] was a huge help in developing the code for these flows. It's sad there is no second edition.
非常感谢所有用于创建这些调用流的开源软件的开发人员。这包括openssl.org中使用的底层加密和TLS软件、www.resiprocate.org中的SIP堆栈以及www.sipimp.org中利用扩展（简单）即时消息和状态协议（IMPP）代理的即时消息和状态SIP。TLS流量转储是使用来自的SSLDump完成的http://www.rtfm.com/ssldump. 《SSL和TLS》[EKR-TLS]一书对开发这些流的代码有很大帮助。很遗憾没有第二版。
Thanks to Jim Schaad, Russ Housley, Eric Rescorla, Dan Wing, Tat Chan, and Lyndsay Campbell, who all helped find and correct mistakes in this document.
感谢Jim Schaad、Russ Housley、Eric Rescorla、Dan Wing、Tat Chan和Lyndsay Campbell，他们都帮助发现并纠正了本文中的错误。
Vijay Gurbani and Alan Jeffrey contributed much of the additional test scenario content.
Vijay Gurbani和Alan Jeffrey贡献了很多额外的测试场景内容。
Implementers must never use any of the certificates provided in this document in anything but a test environment. Installing the CA root certificates used in this document as a trusted root in operational software would completely destroy the security of the system while giving the user the impression that the system was operating securely.
实现者不得在测试环境之外的任何环境中使用本文档中提供的任何证书。将本文档中使用的CA根证书作为操作软件中的受信任根安装将完全破坏系统的安全性，同时给用户留下系统安全运行的印象。
This document recommends some things that implementers might test or verify to improve the security of their implementations. It is impossible to make a comprehensive list of these, and this document only suggests some of the most common mistakes that have been seen at the SIPit interoperability events. Just because an implementation does everything this document recommends does not make it secure.
本文档推荐了一些实现人员可能测试或验证的内容，以提高其实现的安全性。不可能全面列出这些错误，本文件仅建议了SIPit互操作性活动中出现的一些最常见错误。仅仅因为实现完成了本文档所建议的一切，并不能保证它的安全性。
This document does not show any messages to check certificate revocation status (see Sections 3.3 and 6.3 of [RFC5280]) as that is not part of the SIP call flow. The expectation is that revocation status is checked regularly to protect against the possibility of certificate compromise or repudiation. For more information on how certificate revocation status can be checked, see [RFC2560] (Online Certificate Status Protocol) and [RFC5055] (Server-Based Certificate Validation Protocol).
本文件未显示任何检查证书撤销状态的消息（见[RFC5280]第3.3节和第6.3节），因为这不是SIP呼叫流的一部分。我们期望定期检查吊销状态，以防止证书泄露或拒绝。有关如何检查证书吊销状态的更多信息，请参阅[RFC2560]（联机证书状态协议）和[RFC5055]（基于服务器的证书验证协议）。
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September 1981.
[RFC0791]Postel，J.，“互联网协议”，STD 5，RFC 7911981年9月。
[RFC2560] Myers, M., Ankney, R., Malpani, A., Galperin, S., and C. Adams, "X.509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure Online Certificate Status Protocol - OCSP", RFC 2560, June 1999.
[RFC2560]Myers，M.，Ankney，R.，Malpani，A.，Galperin，S.，和C.Adams，“X.509互联网公钥基础设施在线证书状态协议-OCSP”，RFC 25601999年6月。
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
[RFC3261]Rosenberg，J.，Schulzrinne，H.，Camarillo，G.，Johnston，A.，Peterson，J.，Sparks，R.，Handley，M.，和E.Schooler，“SIP：会话启动协议”，RFC 3261，2002年6月。
[RFC3263] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP Servers", RFC 3263, June 2002.
[RFC3263]Rosenberg，J.和H.Schulzrinne，“会话启动协议（SIP）：定位SIP服务器”，RFC 3263，2002年6月。
[RFC3370] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Algorithms", RFC 3370, August 2002.
[RFC3370]Housley，R.，“加密消息语法（CMS）算法”，RFC3370，2002年8月。
[RFC3428] Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C., and D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.
[RFC3428]Campbell，B.，Rosenberg，J.，Schulzrinne，H.，Huitema，C.，和D.Gurle，“即时消息的会话启动协议（SIP）扩展”，RFC 34282002年12月。
[RFC3853] Peterson, J., "S/MIME Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Requirement for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3853, July 2004.
[RFC3853]Peterson，J.，“会话启动协议（SIP）的S/MIME高级加密标准（AES）要求”，RFC3853，2004年7月。
[RFC4474] Peterson, J. and C. Jennings, "Enhancements for Authenticated Identity Management in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 4474, August 2006.
[RFC4474]Peterson，J.和C.Jennings，“会话启动协议（SIP）中身份验证管理的增强”，RFC 4474，2006年8月。
[RFC5055] Freeman, T., Housley, R., Malpani, A., Cooper, D., and W. Polk, "Server-Based Certificate Validation Protocol (SCVP)", RFC 5055, December 2007.
[RFC5055]Freeman，T.，Housley，R.，Malpani，A.，Cooper，D.，和W.Polk，“基于服务器的证书验证协议（SCVP）”，RFC 50552007年12月。
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.
[RFC5246]Dierks，T.和E.Rescorla，“传输层安全（TLS）协议版本1.2”，RFC 5246，2008年8月。
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.
[RFC5280]Cooper，D.，Santesson，S.，Farrell，S.，Boeyen，S.，Housley，R.，和W.Polk，“Internet X.509公钥基础设施证书和证书撤销列表（CRL）配置文件”，RFC 52802008年5月。
[RFC5621] Camarillo, G., "Message Body Handling in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 5621, September 2009.
[RFC5621]Camarillo，G.“会话启动协议（SIP）中的消息体处理”，RFC 56212009年9月。
[RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70, RFC 5652, September 2009.
[RFC5652]Housley，R.，“加密消息语法（CMS）”，STD 70，RFC 56522009年9月。
[RFC5751] Ramsdell, B. and S. Turner, "Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) Version 3.2 Message Specification", RFC 5751, January 2010.
[RFC5751]Ramsdell，B.和S.Turner，“安全/多用途Internet邮件扩展（S/MIME）版本3.2消息规范”，RFC 57512010年1月。
[RFC5922] Gurbani, V., Lawrence, S., and A. Jeffrey, "Domain Certificates in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 5922, June 2010.
[RFC5922]Gurbani，V.，Lawrence，S.，和A.Jeffrey，“会话启动协议（SIP）中的域证书”，RFC 59222010年6月。
[RFC5923] Gurbani, V., Mahy, R., and B. Tate, "Connection Reuse in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 5923, June 2010.
[RFC5923]Gurbani，V.，Mahy，R.，和B.Tate，“会话启动协议（SIP）中的连接重用”，RFC 59232010年6月。
[RFC5924] Lawrence, S. and V. Gurbani, "Extended Key Usage (EKU) for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) X.509 Certificates", RFC 5924, June 2010.
[RFC5924]Lawrence，S.和V.Gurbani，“会话启动协议（SIP）X.509证书的扩展密钥使用（EKU）”，RFC 59242010年6月。
[X.509] International Telecommunications Union, "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks", ITU-T Recommendation X.509 (2005), ISO/ IEC 9594-8:2005.
[X.509]国际电信联盟，“信息技术-开放系统互连-目录：公钥和属性证书框架”，ITU-T建议X.509（2005），ISO/IEC 9594-8:2005。
[X.683] International Telecommunications Union, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Parameterization of ASN.1 specifications", ITU-T Recommendation X.683 (2002), ISO/IEC 8824-4:2002, 2002.
[X.683]国际电信联盟，“信息技术-抽象语法符号1（ASN.1）：ASN.1规范的参数化”，ITU-T建议X.683（2002），ISO/IEC 8824-4:2002，2002年。
[EKR-TLS] Rescorla, E., "SSL and TLS - Designing and Building Secure Systems", Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-61598-3, 2001.
[EKR-TLS]Rescorla，E.，“SSL和TLS-设计和构建安全系统”，Addison Wesley，ISBN 0-201-61598-32001。
[RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.
[RFC2818]Rescorla，E.，“TLS上的HTTP”，RFC2818，2000年5月。
[RFC4134] Hoffman, P., "Examples of S/MIME Messages", RFC 4134, July 2005.
[RFC4134]Hoffman，P.，“S/MIME消息的示例”，RFC 41342005年7月。
[RFC4475] Sparks, R., Hawrylyshen, A., Johnston, A., Rosenberg, J., and H. Schulzrinne, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Torture Test Messages", RFC 4475, May 2006.
[RFC4475]Sparks，R.，Hawrylyshen，A.，Johnston，A.，Rosenberg，J.，和H.Schulzrinne，“会话启动协议（SIP）酷刑测试消息”，RFC 4475，2006年5月。
[RFC4514] Zeilenga, K., "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): String Representation of Distinguished Names", RFC 4514, June 2006.
[RFC4514]Zeilenga，K.，“轻量级目录访问协议（LDAP）：可分辨名称的字符串表示”，RFC4514，2006年6月。
[ssldump-manpage] Rescorla, E., "SSLDump manpage", <http://www.rtfm.com/ssldump/Ssldump.html>.
[ssldump手册页]Rescorla，E.，“ssldump手册页”<http://www.rtfm.com/ssldump/Ssldump.html>.
These scripts allow you to make certificates for test purposes. The certificates will all share a common CA root so that everyone running these scripts can have interoperable certificates. WARNING - these certificates are totally insecure and are for test purposes only. All the CAs created by this script share the same private key to facilitate interoperability testing, but this totally breaks the security since the private key of the CA is well known.
这些脚本允许您制作用于测试目的的证书。这些证书都将共享一个公共CA根，这样运行这些脚本的每个人都可以拥有可互操作的证书。警告-这些证书完全不安全，仅用于测试目的。此脚本创建的所有CA共享相同的私钥，以便于进行互操作性测试，但这完全破坏了安全性，因为CA的私钥是众所周知的。
The instructions assume a Unix-like environment with openssl installed, but openssl does work in Windows too. OpenSSL version 0.9.8j was used to generate the certificates used in this document. Make sure you have openssl installed by trying to run "openssl". Run the makeCA script found in Appendix A.1; this creates a subdirectory called demoCA. If the makeCA script cannot find where your openssl is installed you will have to set an environment variable called OPENSSLDIR to whatever directory contains the file openssl.cnf. You can find this with a "locate openssl.cnf". You are now ready to make certificates.
这些说明假定安装了openssl的类似Unix的环境，但openssl也可以在Windows中工作。OpenSSL版本0.9.8j用于生成本文档中使用的证书。通过尝试运行“openssl”，确保已安装openssl。运行附录A.1中的makeCA脚本；这将创建一个名为demoCA的子目录。如果makeCA脚本无法找到openssl的安装位置，则必须将名为OPENSSLDIR的环境变量设置为包含文件openssl.cnf的任何目录。您可以通过“locate openssl.cnf”找到这一点。现在，您可以制作证书了。
To create certificates for use with TLS, run the makeCert script found in Appendix A.2 with the fully qualified domain name of the proxy you are making the certificate for, e.g., "makeCert host.example.net domain eku". This will generate a private key and a certificate. The private key will be left in a file named domain_key_example.net.pem in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. The certificate will be in domain_cert_example.net.pem. Some programs expect both the certificate and private key combined together in a Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #12 format file. This is created by the script and left in a file named example.net.p12. Some programs expect this file to have a .pfx extension instead of .p12 -- just rename the file if needed. A file with a certificate signing request, called example.net.csr, is also created and can be used to get the certificate signed by another CA.
要创建与TLS一起使用的证书，请使用为其制作证书的代理的完全限定域名运行附录A.2中的makeCert脚本，例如“makeCert host.example.net domain eku”。这将生成私钥和证书。私钥将以隐私增强邮件（pem）格式保留在名为domain_key_example.net.pem的文件中。证书将位于域\u cert\u example.net.pem中。有些程序希望证书和私钥结合在一个公钥加密标准（PKCS）#12格式的文件中。这是由脚本创建的，并保留在名为example.net.p12的文件中。有些程序希望该文件的扩展名是.pfx而不是.p12——如果需要，只需重命名该文件即可。还将创建一个名为example.net.csr的文件，该文件带有证书签名请求，可用于获取由其他CA签名的证书。
A second argument indicating the number of days for which the certificate should be valid can be passed to the makeCert script. It is possible to make an expired certificate using the command "makeCert host.example.net 0".
第二个参数指示证书应有效的天数，可以传递给makeCert脚本。可以使用命令“makeCert host.example.net 0”生成过期证书。
Anywhere that a password is used to protect a certificate, the password is set to the string "password".
任何使用密码保护证书的地方，密码都设置为字符串“password”。
The root certificate for the CA is in the file root_cert_fluffyCA.pem.
CA的根证书位于文件root\u cert\u fluffyCA.pem中。
For things that need DER format certificates, a certificate can be converted from PEM to DER with "openssl x509 -in cert.pem -inform PEM -out cert.der -outform DER".
对于需要DER格式证书的内容，可以使用“openssl x509-in cert.PEM-notify PEM-out cert.DER-outform DER”将证书从PEM转换为DER。
Some programs expect certificates in PKCS #7 format (with a file extension of .p7c). You can convert these from PEM format to PKCS #7 with "openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile cert.pem -certfile demoCA/ cacert.pem -outform DER -out cert.p7c".
有些程序需要PKCS#7格式的证书（文件扩展名为.p7c）。您可以使用“openssl crl2pkcs7-nocrl-certfile cert.PEM-certfile demoCA/cacert.PEM-outform DER-out cert.p7c”将这些文件从PEM格式转换为PKCS#7。
IE (version 8), Outlook Express (version 6), and Firefox (version 3.5) can import and export .p12 files and .p7c files. You can convert a PKCS #7 certificate to PEM format with "openssl pkcs7 -in cert.p7c -inform DER -outform PEM -out cert.pem".
IE（版本8）、Outlook Express（版本6）和Firefox（版本3.5）可以导入和导出.p12文件和.p7c文件。您可以使用“openssl pkcs7-in cert.p7c-notify DER-outform PEM-out cert.PEM”将PKCS#7证书转换为PEM格式。
The private key can be converted to PKCS #8 format with "openssl pkcs8 -in a_key.pem -topk8 -outform DER -out a_key.p8c".
私钥可以通过“openssl pkcs8-in a_key.pem-topk8-outform DER-out a_key.p8c”转换为PKCS#8格式。
In general, a TLS client will just need the root certificate of the CA. A TLS server will need its private key and its certificate. These could be in two PEM files, a single file with both certificate and private key PEM sections, or a single .p12 file. An S/MIME program will need its private key and certificate, the root certificate of the CA, and the certificate for every other user it communicates with.
通常，TLS客户端只需要CA的根证书。TLS服务器需要其私钥和证书。这些文件可以是两个PEM文件，一个包含证书和私钥PEM部分的文件，或者一个.p12文件。S/MIME程序需要它的私钥和证书、CA的根证书以及它与之通信的每个其他用户的证书。
#!/bin/sh
set -x
#!/bin/sh
set -x
rm -rf demoCA
rm-rf demoCA
mkdir demoCA mkdir demoCA/certs mkdir demoCA/crl mkdir demoCA/newcerts mkdir demoCA/private # This is done to generate the exact serial number used for the RFC echo "4902110184015C" > demoCA/serial touch demoCA/index.txt
mkdir demoCA mkdir demoCA/certs mkdir demoCA/crl mkdir demoCA/newcerts mkdir demoCA/private#这样做是为了生成RFC echo“490210184015C”>demoCA/serial touch demoCA/index.txt使用的准确序列号
# You may need to modify this for where your default file is
# you can find where yours in by typing "openssl ca"
for D in /etc/ssl /usr/local/ssl /sw/etc/ssl /sw/share/ssl; do
CONF=${OPENSSLDIR:=$D}/openssl.cnf
[ -f ${CONF} ] && break
done
# You may need to modify this for where your default file is
# you can find where yours in by typing "openssl ca"
for D in /etc/ssl /usr/local/ssl /sw/etc/ssl /sw/share/ssl; do
CONF=${OPENSSLDIR:=$D}/openssl.cnf
[ -f ${CONF} ] && break
done
CONF=${OPENSSLDIR}/openssl.cnf
CONF=${OPENSSLDIR}/openssl.cnf
if [ ! -f $CONF ]; then echo "Can not find file $CONF - set your OPENSSLDIR variable" exit fi
如果[！-f$CONF]；然后echo“找不到文件$CONF-设置OPENSSLDIR变量”退出fi
cp $CONF openssl.cnf
cp$CONF openssl.cnf
cat >> openssl.cnf <<EOF
[ sipdomain_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
cat >> openssl.cnf <<EOF
[ sipdomain_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
[ sipdomain_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipdomain_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipuser_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage=emailProtection,1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
[ sipuser_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage=emailProtection,1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
[ sipuser_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipuser_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipdomain_noeku_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
[ sipdomain_noeku_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
[ sipdomain_noeku_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipdomain_noeku_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipuser_noeku_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
[ sipuser_noeku_cert ]
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
keyUsage = nonRepudiation,digitalSignature,keyEncipherment
[ sipuser_noeku_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
[ sipuser_noeku_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectAltName=\${ENV::ALTNAME}
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
EOF
EOF
cat > demoCA/private/cakey.pem <<EOF
-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
EOF
cat > demoCA/private/cakey.pem <<EOF
-----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
EOF
cat > demoCA/cacert.pem <<EOF
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
cat > demoCA/cacert.pem <<EOF
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
EOF
EOF
# uncomment the following lines to generate your own key pair
#取消注释以下行以生成您自己的密钥对
# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -passin pass:password \
# -passout pass:password -set_serial 0x96a384174eef8a4c \
# -sha1 -x509 -keyout demoCA/private/cakey.pem \
# -out demoCA/cacert.pem -days 36500 -config ${CONF} <<EOF
# US
# California
# San Jose
# sipit
# Sipit Test Certificate Authority
#
#
# EOF
# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -passin pass:password \
# -passout pass:password -set_serial 0x96a384174eef8a4c \
# -sha1 -x509 -keyout demoCA/private/cakey.pem \
# -out demoCA/cacert.pem -days 36500 -config ${CONF} <<EOF
# US
# California
# San Jose
# sipit
# Sipit Test Certificate Authority
#
#
# EOF
# either randomly generate a serial number, or set it manually
# hexdump -n 4 -e '4/1 "%04u"' /dev/random > demoCA/serial
echo 96a384174eef8a4d > demoCA/serial
# either randomly generate a serial number, or set it manually
# hexdump -n 4 -e '4/1 "%04u"' /dev/random > demoCA/serial
echo 96a384174eef8a4d > demoCA/serial
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile demoCA/cacert.pem \
-outform DER -out demoCA/cacert.p7c
openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile demoCA/cacert.pem \
-outform DER -out demoCA/cacert.p7c
cp demoCA/cacert.pem root_cert_fluffyCA.pem
cp demoCA/cacert.pem root\u cert\u fluffyCA.pem
#!/bin/sh
set -x
#!/bin/sh
set -x
# Make a symbolic link to this file called "makeUserCert" # if you wish to use it to make certs for users.
#如果您希望使用此文件为用户制作证书，请创建一个名为“makeUserCert”的符号链接。
# ExecName=$(basename $0)
#
# if [ ${ExecName} == "makeUserCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipuser"
# elif [ ${ExecName} == "makeEkuUserCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipuser_eku"
# elif [ ${ExecName} == "makeEkuCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipdomain_eku"
# else
# ExtPrefix="sipdomain"
# fi
# ExecName=$(basename $0)
#
# if [ ${ExecName} == "makeUserCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipuser"
# elif [ ${ExecName} == "makeEkuUserCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipuser_eku"
# elif [ ${ExecName} == "makeEkuCert" ]; then
# ExtPrefix="sipdomain_eku"
# else
# ExtPrefix="sipdomain"
# fi
if [ $# == 3 ]; then DAYS=36500 elif [ $# == 4 ]; then DAYS=$4 else echo "Usage: makeCert test.example.org user|domain eku|noeku [days]" echo " makeCert alice@example.org [days]" echo "days is how long the certificate is valid" echo "days set to 0 generates an invalid certificate" exit 0 fi
如果[$#==3]；然后天数=36500 elif[$#==4]；then DAYS=$4 else echo“用法：makeCert test.example.org用户|域eku | noeku[DAYS]“echo”makeCertalice@example.org[days]“echo”days是证书有效的时间，“echo”days设置为0生成无效证书“退出0”
ExtPrefix="sip"${2}
ExtPrefix="sip"${2}
if [ $3 == "noeku" ]; then
ExtPrefix=${ExtPrefix}"_noeku"
fi
if [ $3 == "noeku" ]; then
ExtPrefix=${ExtPrefix}"_noeku"
fi
DOMAIN=`echo $1 | perl -ne '{print "$1\n" if (/(\w+\..*)$/)}' `
USER=`echo $1 | perl -ne '{print "$1\n" if (/(\w+)\@(\w+\..*)$/)}' `
ADDR=$1
echo "making cert for $DOMAIN ${ADDR}"
DOMAIN=`echo $1 | perl -ne '{print "$1\n" if (/(\w+\..*)$/)}' `
USER=`echo $1 | perl -ne '{print "$1\n" if (/(\w+)\@(\w+\..*)$/)}' `
ADDR=$1
echo "making cert for $DOMAIN ${ADDR}"
if [ $2 == "user" ]; then CNVALUE=$USER else CNVALUE=$DOMAIN fi
如果[$2==“用户”]；然后CNVALUE=$USER else CNVALUE=$DOMAIN fi
rm -f ${ADDR}_*.pem
rm -f ${ADDR}.p12
rm -f ${ADDR}_*.pem
rm -f ${ADDR}.p12
case ${ADDR} in
*:*) ALTNAME="URI:${ADDR}" ;;
*@*) ALTNAME="URI:sip:${ADDR},URI:im:${ADDR},URI:pres:${ADDR}" ;;
*) ALTNAME="DNS:${DOMAIN},URI:sip:${ADDR}" ;;
esac
case ${ADDR} in
*:*) ALTNAME="URI:${ADDR}" ;;
*@*) ALTNAME="URI:sip:${ADDR},URI:im:${ADDR},URI:pres:${ADDR}" ;;
*) ALTNAME="DNS:${DOMAIN},URI:sip:${ADDR}" ;;
esac
rm -f demoCA/index.txt
touch demoCA/index.txt
rm -f demoCA/newcerts/*
rm -f demoCA/index.txt
touch demoCA/index.txt
rm -f demoCA/newcerts/*
export ALTNAME
导出ALTNAME
openssl genrsa -out ${ADDR}_key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -config openssl.cnf -reqexts ${ExtPrefix}_req \
-sha1 -key ${ADDR}_key.pem \
-out ${ADDR}.csr -days ${DAYS} <<EOF
US
California
San Jose
sipit
openssl genrsa -out ${ADDR}_key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -config openssl.cnf -reqexts ${ExtPrefix}_req \
-sha1 -key ${ADDR}_key.pem \
-out ${ADDR}.csr -days ${DAYS} <<EOF
US
California
San Jose
sipit
${CNVALUE}
${CNVALUE}
EOF
EOF
if [ $DAYS == 0 ]; then
openssl ca -extensions ${ExtPrefix}_cert -config openssl.cnf \
-passin pass:password -policy policy_anything \
-md sha1 -batch -notext -out ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-startdate 990101000000Z \
-enddate 000101000000Z \
-infiles ${ADDR}.csr
else
openssl ca -extensions ${ExtPrefix}_cert -config openssl.cnf \
-passin pass:password -policy policy_anything \
-md sha1 -days ${DAYS} -batch -notext -out ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-infiles ${ADDR}.csr
fi
if [ $DAYS == 0 ]; then
openssl ca -extensions ${ExtPrefix}_cert -config openssl.cnf \
-passin pass:password -policy policy_anything \
-md sha1 -batch -notext -out ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-startdate 990101000000Z \
-enddate 000101000000Z \
-infiles ${ADDR}.csr
else
openssl ca -extensions ${ExtPrefix}_cert -config openssl.cnf \
-passin pass:password -policy policy_anything \
-md sha1 -days ${DAYS} -batch -notext -out ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-infiles ${ADDR}.csr
fi
openssl pkcs12 -passin pass:password \
-passout pass:password -export \
-out ${ADDR}.p12 -in ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-inkey ${ADDR}_key.pem -name ${ADDR} -certfile demoCA/cacert.pem
openssl pkcs12 -passin pass:password \
-passout pass:password -export \
-out ${ADDR}.p12 -in ${ADDR}_cert.pem \
-inkey ${ADDR}_key.pem -name ${ADDR} -certfile demoCA/cacert.pem
openssl x509 -in ${ADDR}_cert.pem -noout -text
openssl x509 -in ${ADDR}_cert.pem -noout -text
case ${ADDR} in
*@*) mv ${ADDR}_key.pem user_key_${ADDR}.pem; \
mv ${ADDR}_cert.pem user_cert_${ADDR}.pem ;;
*) mv ${ADDR}_key.pem domain_key_${ADDR}.pem; \
mv ${ADDR}_cert.pem domain_cert_${ADDR}.pem ;;
esac
case ${ADDR} in
*@*) mv ${ADDR}_key.pem user_key_${ADDR}.pem; \
mv ${ADDR}_cert.pem user_cert_${ADDR}.pem ;;
*) mv ${ADDR}_key.pem domain_key_${ADDR}.pem; \
mv ${ADDR}_cert.pem domain_cert_${ADDR}.pem ;;
esac
This section contains various certificates used for testing in PEM format.
本节包含用于PEM格式测试的各种证书。
These certificates make use of the EKU specification described in [RFC5924].
这些证书使用[RFC5924]中描述的EKU规范。
Fluffy's user certificate for example.com:
Fluffy的用户证书，例如example.com：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Fluffy's private key for user certificate for example.com:
Fluffy的用户证书私钥，例如example.com：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Kumiko's user certificate for example.net:
Kumiko的用户证书，例如.net：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Kumiko's private key for user certificate for example.net:
Kumiko的用户证书私钥，例如.net：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Domain certificate for example.com:
域证书，例如.com：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private key for domain certificate for example.com:
域证书的私钥，例如.com：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Domain certificate for example.net:
域证书，例如.net：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private key for domain certificate for example.net:
域证书的私钥，例如.net：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
These certificates do not make use of the EKU specification described in [RFC5924]. Most existing certificates fall in this category.
这些证书未使用[RFC5924]中所述的EKU规范。大多数现有证书都属于这一类。
Fluffy's user certificate for example.com:
Fluffy的用户证书，例如example.com：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Fluffy's private key for user certificate for example.com:
Fluffy的用户证书私钥，例如example.com：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Kumiko's user certificate for example.net:
Kumiko的用户证书，例如.net：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Kumiko's private key for user certificate for example.net:
Kumiko的用户证书私钥，例如.net：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Domain certificate for example.com:
域证书，例如.com：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private key for domain certificate for example.com:
域证书的私钥，例如.com：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAoRW5jJmVqp+qSz273JZBGn1Z8j5WxCAakkfe8B9qy0SUJ3GU
FXv5HYJpD8adcOcTSUALlKIpFy88erk4vHVWcMAMxaZxcG/ArmfXM37sxQLL8whI
yvsTY136nLwW3deGNYMi5SWMCHgcM7h/FL8EXLzOjMAPG885+kTjQQAEXlqPt77G
O2QSt2QzJsBxJjKjncgc/fAM/GYzMKw7D9+Lxt/L2PUaJQO7PTUX2pP86nP0rWyf
GBPUgroZGWS0bglrBKKiFbVBsBF+P3/+FHtmB4HSA7ossZdwZd2Xzsl0Dhkcxk2K
c3gK/xy1lhJBnd1u3WlFFsa2rt6U+ySKKcO5SQIDAQABAoIBABI9gIZAOedZLxJY
Cja/ON4EBbRdhLuumvOnecIc/J3JxTD2Nnt8T0gdJUJpDhjjwZZQzz7kYdzDN4j6
Akeszb30sT2MTFob/WiCT6cAH1VrrKZ3cK6zYY2l7aPj1H8IUaUrlT73UnT/DMp6
gMFbo+XQZ18evFc8zubc+BK7KsN4Nb6/zMhw+PXEiyg2EGDN1Fo4TMhxPD4wBIMU
8oLlE8A6GKimxAk3gMuIiS6Ruau2HpGkjkkHkAx/yzU1s8BCMoLDJjyyH19PRISr
n0VFfe0gM0aZpdZ/94ynFPdMnBXTq8BabT09eiycuLKlL0g/ERmj6jIImGSYRWED
GzlzX0UCgYEA0FDUek2uLhyltXwlzhDTldyuItiYZq/MeXaq2eA96zhJlD6aX+55
PQIxEEfhgTNf4e4cKjXQSD7aixy7jp/kFGowFRlB4pwbLDuhlniYSxa8Kv0OpJM4
DTAGue4QFZId5Z43KH755Ub7tjrCEIdQnij44DA3gPnjqXk973pdyVcCgYEAxfUx
/zMXgTp7HxW+QHZD7xXEs4Fp1xjzL5BaHoJnM7WbmkWvUvcMaEE/i9RqpyGlXRiN
jX6KBZ9UVgh/B0/AcYMa3DImTa0+Uie9kN7jTi5pzvIUAdFh+RyQ4tULWr5cgrzv
PjGG9tXMthuIbILSumVEwvC+P6Ksi1r4xp1ezl8CgYEArF51sk2clqM1qpnzXjMm
IJbdsA+w6ycD9m1uqaGXGo8UswmqCz70KrspheM0gQfVisjPnU2x7lWz1/AKcdVz
kEDdUFf54FxzT4J4Dl3zBg7l3FxQRXVbp+3ZYvfNb0vcWSc1VNjcRg8aMIsmES8m
UfhtFnRPOPWMn6qmyQVjnTkCgYB/3zlinkBKq9ooZEU3Iq4TXL5pLemOloFQcjCk
kJvVnTRcXTM5pngPSEaiLp6OQ3+sOVYG1nyV0SwLPwW/VVb8fDH3lzWC66vcKeuc
Dz5JnFWg5mLiIbzly/wTaochIOJlWWI5jIigHc9Uu0hOv9sbqJrYSea6+Hv4sNUO
h01chQKBgQCKLEH7vWQX8fkw+yKnmvAFoZ5H3IHUQw/WYsoCOVnWoY+vowcuuTTt
cbW1VkrtEjJPuYeEPa5NI2kmsNUZGrKCpx/3uq2JfMVopJzJN9biFM4ulcKqf9ie
hiVIFVVmxq+dVmXBgXCknhYK1Mnt9b3BK6mDqerQjK1TKryqAJ2QpQ==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAoRW5jJmVqp+qSz273JZBGn1Z8j5WxCAakkfe8B9qy0SUJ3GU
FXv5HYJpD8adcOcTSUALlKIpFy88erk4vHVWcMAMxaZxcG/ArmfXM37sxQLL8whI
yvsTY136nLwW3deGNYMi5SWMCHgcM7h/FL8EXLzOjMAPG885+kTjQQAEXlqPt77G
O2QSt2QzJsBxJjKjncgc/fAM/GYzMKw7D9+Lxt/L2PUaJQO7PTUX2pP86nP0rWyf
GBPUgroZGWS0bglrBKKiFbVBsBF+P3/+FHtmB4HSA7ossZdwZd2Xzsl0Dhkcxk2K
c3gK/xy1lhJBnd1u3WlFFsa2rt6U+ySKKcO5SQIDAQABAoIBABI9gIZAOedZLxJY
Cja/ON4EBbRdhLuumvOnecIc/J3JxTD2Nnt8T0gdJUJpDhjjwZZQzz7kYdzDN4j6
Akeszb30sT2MTFob/WiCT6cAH1VrrKZ3cK6zYY2l7aPj1H8IUaUrlT73UnT/DMp6
gMFbo+XQZ18evFc8zubc+BK7KsN4Nb6/zMhw+PXEiyg2EGDN1Fo4TMhxPD4wBIMU
8oLlE8A6GKimxAk3gMuIiS6Ruau2HpGkjkkHkAx/yzU1s8BCMoLDJjyyH19PRISr
n0VFfe0gM0aZpdZ/94ynFPdMnBXTq8BabT09eiycuLKlL0g/ERmj6jIImGSYRWED
GzlzX0UCgYEA0FDUek2uLhyltXwlzhDTldyuItiYZq/MeXaq2eA96zhJlD6aX+55
PQIxEEfhgTNf4e4cKjXQSD7aixy7jp/kFGowFRlB4pwbLDuhlniYSxa8Kv0OpJM4
DTAGue4QFZId5Z43KH755Ub7tjrCEIdQnij44DA3gPnjqXk973pdyVcCgYEAxfUx
/zMXgTp7HxW+QHZD7xXEs4Fp1xjzL5BaHoJnM7WbmkWvUvcMaEE/i9RqpyGlXRiN
jX6KBZ9UVgh/B0/AcYMa3DImTa0+Uie9kN7jTi5pzvIUAdFh+RyQ4tULWr5cgrzv
PjGG9tXMthuIbILSumVEwvC+P6Ksi1r4xp1ezl8CgYEArF51sk2clqM1qpnzXjMm
IJbdsA+w6ycD9m1uqaGXGo8UswmqCz70KrspheM0gQfVisjPnU2x7lWz1/AKcdVz
kEDdUFf54FxzT4J4Dl3zBg7l3FxQRXVbp+3ZYvfNb0vcWSc1VNjcRg8aMIsmES8m
UfhtFnRPOPWMn6qmyQVjnTkCgYB/3zlinkBKq9ooZEU3Iq4TXL5pLemOloFQcjCk
kJvVnTRcXTM5pngPSEaiLp6OQ3+sOVYG1nyV0SwLPwW/VVb8fDH3lzWC66vcKeuc
Dz5JnFWg5mLiIbzly/wTaochIOJlWWI5jIigHc9Uu0hOv9sbqJrYSea6+Hv4sNUO
h01chQKBgQCKLEH7vWQX8fkw+yKnmvAFoZ5H3IHUQw/WYsoCOVnWoY+vowcuuTTt
cbW1VkrtEjJPuYeEPa5NI2kmsNUZGrKCpx/3uq2JfMVopJzJN9biFM4ulcKqf9ie
hiVIFVVmxq+dVmXBgXCknhYK1Mnt9b3BK6mDqerQjK1TKryqAJ2QpQ==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Domain certificate for example.net:
域证书，例如.net：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private key for domain certificate for example.net:
域证书的私钥，例如.net：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Following is a certificate for a non-root CA in example.net. The certificate was signed by the root CA shown in Section 2.1. As indicated in Sections 4.2.1.9 and 4.2.1.3 [RFC5280], "cA" is set in Basic Constraints, and "keyCertSign" is set in Key Usage. This identifies the certificate holder as a signing authority.
下面是example.net中非根CA的证书。证书由根CA签署，如第2.1节所示。如第4.2.1.9节和第4.2.1.3节[RFC5280]所示，“cA”在基本约束中设置，“keyCertSign”在密钥使用中设置。这将证书持有人标识为签名机构。
Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:52 Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, OU=Sipit Test Certificate Authority Validity Not Before: Feb 7 20:21:13 2011 GMT Not After : Jan 14 20:21:13 2111 GMT Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit,
版本：3（0x2）序列号：96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:52签名算法：SHA1与RSA加密发行人：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，OU=sipit测试证书颁发机构有效期不在：2011年2月7日20:21:13 GMT不在：2011年1月14日20:21:13 2111 GMT主题：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，
OU=Test CA for example.net, CN=example.net
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
RSA Public Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus (2048 bit):
00:d4:46:65:51:f8:84:1c:b5:93:47:a5:15:14:06:
ec:dc:2a:77:93:11:5e:75:14:d2:88:54:bd:16:50:
dd:41:3f:7e:2a:e4:26:d5:a3:33:b0:5e:37:1d:e5:
96:37:1c:1c:69:80:a4:ef:fd:22:78:d7:ce:d3:c3:
de:96:fb:87:30:88:bc:06:14:80:5d:f3:ab:d7:64:
3e:07:31:dc:97:c5:d6:19:26:bc:7d:0b:f8:de:5e:
f9:0f:dc:9a:45:0f:28:8d:dd:fa:15:56:d5:35:17:
28:80:d2:fc:1f:d6:95:95:42:0e:2c:47:38:53:ad:
fd:0e:24:fd:a3:43:33:83:52:65:54:da:48:d8:dc:
86:42:d5:26:ac:1d:52:54:08:52:e5:3f:4a:76:95:
77:8d:c6:f2:33:f0:18:87:c8:fc:5b:54:5d:dd:65:
f1:5c:f5:c8:f4:36:54:8a:b6:7b:6f:f8:55:f8:d8:
d8:df:a9:7b:40:45:4c:92:0f:aa:b2:2c:a1:a8:64:
d5:99:22:1e:28:78:a0:d8:e5:51:64:3f:03:14:a9:
12:47:61:84:d6:b0:69:1a:6b:a3:6e:d8:ca:ce:43:
50:ad:57:96:2b:87:15:d9:c2:11:03:b0:82:d4:f0:
80:bf:dd:44:f4:f6:39:0a:2b:e3:4d:d3:f5:e7:aa:
34:e5
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
72:70:CF:66:1E:23:A5:38:FC:6F:40:8F:86:8A:AF:E0:B9:6F:E9:C3
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
OU=Test CA for example.net, CN=example.net
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
RSA Public Key: (2048 bit)
Modulus (2048 bit):
00:d4:46:65:51:f8:84:1c:b5:93:47:a5:15:14:06:
ec:dc:2a:77:93:11:5e:75:14:d2:88:54:bd:16:50:
dd:41:3f:7e:2a:e4:26:d5:a3:33:b0:5e:37:1d:e5:
96:37:1c:1c:69:80:a4:ef:fd:22:78:d7:ce:d3:c3:
de:96:fb:87:30:88:bc:06:14:80:5d:f3:ab:d7:64:
3e:07:31:dc:97:c5:d6:19:26:bc:7d:0b:f8:de:5e:
f9:0f:dc:9a:45:0f:28:8d:dd:fa:15:56:d5:35:17:
28:80:d2:fc:1f:d6:95:95:42:0e:2c:47:38:53:ad:
fd:0e:24:fd:a3:43:33:83:52:65:54:da:48:d8:dc:
86:42:d5:26:ac:1d:52:54:08:52:e5:3f:4a:76:95:
77:8d:c6:f2:33:f0:18:87:c8:fc:5b:54:5d:dd:65:
f1:5c:f5:c8:f4:36:54:8a:b6:7b:6f:f8:55:f8:d8:
d8:df:a9:7b:40:45:4c:92:0f:aa:b2:2c:a1:a8:64:
d5:99:22:1e:28:78:a0:d8:e5:51:64:3f:03:14:a9:
12:47:61:84:d6:b0:69:1a:6b:a3:6e:d8:ca:ce:43:
50:ad:57:96:2b:87:15:d9:c2:11:03:b0:82:d4:f0:
80:bf:dd:44:f4:f6:39:0a:2b:e3:4d:d3:f5:e7:aa:
34:e5
Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
72:70:CF:66:1E:23:A5:38:FC:6F:40:8F:86:8A:AF:E0:B9:6F:E9:C3
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
95:45:7E:5F:2B:EA:65:98:12:91:04:F3:63:C7:68:9A:58:16:77:27
X509v3 Key Usage: Certificate Sign Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption 70:73:c0:65:9c:2f:09:39:39:d6:a4:5b:95:e7:7b:43:34:b5: b9:b2:5d:76:eb:ef:87:e0:25:b6:68:ab:ee:f8:f7:85:c4:21: 47:bb:6c:68:62:ff:f8:84:1e:44:5a:30:4e:ce:97:91:cc:3d: 43:4a:8b:b7:25:26:08:63:c6:71:4a:c1:94:35:81:66:de:23: 9d:e3:37:de:31:80:ed:58:b7:07:a7:ea:87:d3:cc:da:1b:62: c9:82:c2:17:e6:2d:20:e4:b2:69:14:cb:05:43:34:6f:b5:2c: 60:d8:44:43:f9:e6:e9:3d:7c:54:a2:b9:d9:1e:7d:67:bb:3f: 32:31:0d:c1:88:78:a8:67:39:f5:d2:3e:08:f7:38:84:a6:8f: c2:3e:00:ce:5f:b4:c8:da:a1:b5:2f:c2:89:60:a4:3a:2b:be: 98:e0:44:34:af:ec:7f:73:26:f1:94:5b:39:09:b9:9f:93:c2: 9d:7a:96:2f:82:66:c8:4d:f6:db:87:00:8e:bc:2a:b9:51:73: 6c:cc:ff:e5:31:25:b1:4a:d0:9a:a9:c3:65:35:21:89:76:3d: 39:f8:84:42:a6:03:0e:b5:c9:2f:5d:18:bc:9d:b9:82:f6:83:
X509v3密钥用法：证书签名签名算法：SHA1 WithrsaEncryption 70:73:c0:65:9c:2f:09:39:d6:a4:5b:95:e7:7b:43:34:b5:b9:b2:5d:76:eb:ef:87:e0:25:b6:68:ab:ee:f8:f7:85:c4:21:47:bb:6c:68:62:ff:f8:84:1e:44:5a:30:4e:ce:97:91:cc:43:43:4a:25:b6:68:63:64:64:64:64:64:64:64:64:81答案：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源a1:b5:2f:c2:89:60:a4:3a:2b:be:98:e0:44:34:af:ec:7f:73:26:f1:94:5b:39:09:b9:9f:93:c2:9d:7a:96:2f:82:66:c8:4d:f6:db:87:00:8e:bc:2a:b9:51:73:6c:cc:ff:e5:31:25:b1:4a:d0:9a:a9:c3:65:35:21:89:76:3d:39:f8:84:42:a6:03:0e:b5:c9:2f:5d:18:bc:9d:b9:82:f6:83:
dd:2b:29:6c:8d:2c:8c:47:d4:7d:be:de:32:13:85:92:32:bc:
61:62:6b:e5
dd:2b:29:6c:8d:2c:8c:47:d4:7d:be:de:32:13:85:92:32:bc:
61:62:6b:e5
Robert's certificate was signed by the non-root CA in example.net:
Robert的证书由example.net中的非根CA签署：
Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:53 Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, OU=Test CA for example.net, CN=example.net Validity Not Before: Feb 7 20:21:13 2011 GMT Not After : Jan 14 20:21:13 2111 GMT Subject: C=US, ST=California, L=San Jose, O=sipit, CN=robert Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption RSA Public Key: (2048 bit) Modulus (2048 bit): 00:d3:dc:14:69:6b:71:09:2c:0b:0f:9d:95:08:c1: 64:20:66:ef:9f:9c:30:06:30:39:eb:14:16:da:19: cc:41:4d:b1:cf:f8:53:5b:a5:0d:76:ec:97:ba:16: 10:9f:ed:57:b5:fb:6d:4b:9f:8f:d0:9f:0e:15:a7: 3e:88:c4:e4:ef:35:d1:63:91:20:68:18:f4:8e:3b: b4:0f:03:3e:a0:00:d6:c3:26:e7:57:8e:21:92:a3: 7a:2d:21:44:48:db:01:b9:54:e8:dc:d6:e3:d1:b3: f2:4b:26:0f:3f:d4:99:63:e4:7e:14:0a:b2:73:1c: 5f:3b:41:36:e9:9a:70:be:f7:4f:08:6b:4a:db:44: 02:e8:bb:50:66:2c:98:94:45:9e:7e:01:0e:9d:c3: a9:03:b7:28:15:28:c3:cd:a2:ad:ab:07:f6:ff:69: f4:ec:ba:7f:4b:bd:9b:28:8c:0d:87:e2:66:d1:24: 34:e5:77:be:89:f1:c9:76:4c:37:34:3a:bc:d9:9c: 36:f5:28:60:01:29:5c:f4:1e:7a:15:19:34:81:1c: cf:1a:06:5c:0f:f9:81:67:dc:50:09:e2:a8:d7:9d: 9f:35:6e:ff:a6:a8:80:74:6c:f8:a1:0a:f3:bb:2b: b6:51:8c:21:bc:06:72:59:d0:95:42:d3:02:2c:ce: f9:23 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: URI:sip:robert@example.net, URI:im:robert@example.net, URI:pres:robert@example.net X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: A6:42:BD:62:0D:6B:BF:EE:67:D4:C7:BC:09:3F:0B:3A:12:AB:19:CE X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
版本：3（0x2）序列号：96:a3:84:17:4e:ef:8a:53签名算法：SHA1 WithRSA加密发行人：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，OU=Test CA for example.net，CN=example.net有效期不在：2011年2月7日20:21:13 GMT不在：2011年1月14日20:21:13 2111 GMT主题：C=US，ST=California，L=San Jose，O=sipit，CN=robert Subject公钥信息：公钥算法：RSA加密RSA公钥：（2048位）模（2048位）参考参考答案：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源：来源d6:c3:26:e7:57:8e:21:92:a3:7a:2d:21:44:48:db:01:b9:54:e8:dc:d6:e3:d1:b3:英语常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用词词词词词词词词表：例如：例如：常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用常用：例如：例如：例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例例：76:4c:37:34:3a:bc:d9:9c:36:f5:28:60:01:29:5c:f4:1e:7a:15:19:34:81:1c:cf:1a:06:5c:0f:f9:81:67:dc:50:09:e2:a8:d7:9d:9f:35:6e:ff:a6:a8:80:74:6c:f8:a1:0a:f3:bb:2b:b6:51:8c:21:bc:06:72:59:d0:95:42:d3:02:2c:ce:f9:23指数：65537（0x100001）X509v3扩展名：X509v3主题可选名称：URI:sip:robert@example.net，URI:im:robert@example.net,URI:pres:robert@example.netX509v3基本约束：CA:FALSE X509v3主题密钥标识符：A6:42:BD:62:0D:6B:BF:EE:67:D4:C7:BC:09:3F:0B:3A:12:AB:19:CE X509v3权限密钥标识符：
72:70:CF:66:1E:23:A5:38:FC:6F:40:8F:86:8A:AF:E0:B9:6F:E9:C3
72:70:CF:66:1E:23:A5:38:FC:6F:40:8F:86:8A:AF:E0:B9:6F:E9:C3
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
E-mail Protection, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
25:99:ea:1a:1e:96:6d:4e:b1:9c:5a:43:77:ea:3a:a7:a1:b7:
22:db:b9:d4:9a:1e:17:f7:13:2e:b2:ca:80:dd:c9:a5:db:61:
41:c6:8b:65:ae:0e:fc:9a:46:77:16:e0:e2:3d:1d:20:3c:e5:
d5:e0:b8:03:41:4f:e7:69:bf:e0:4c:dd:cc:c4:51:b1:da:2f:
ad:58:e1:ed:c6:5b:04:ea:1e:af:9a:89:cd:be:60:3c:9a:30:
51:7f:99:5a:6b:5c:8f:5a:d4:b8:ce:b5:8b:31:74:70:b3:cc:
5c:04:90:d8:8d:b6:75:55:fb:c1:d8:e8:db:cf:3d:80:e4:8d:
2f:7e:b9:2b:a2:9e:9f:1e:6f:d0:4e:6e:f7:f0:a6:61:3b:9e:
9b:4b:78:6b:84:37:ad:93:19:0d:7f:46:5a:18:74:89:8b:a8:
1a:75:bf:db:df:25:43:4b:57:ab:a1:19:2e:7c:7b:b9:b5:50:
ef:2c:1f:5c:18:8f:6c:66:83:61:eb:25:a3:21:81:2c:61:3b:
ee:8c:18:1a:89:9a:29:0d:5c:5b:38:f3:71:3d:61:f0:3f:80:
33:90:f2:60:53:48:fb:7a:65:c9:5f:1f:a3:e8:75:42:42:f5:
ad:db:60:29:c6:0f:3c:68:00:7a:2b:38:db:c7:17:b9:4e:d8:
90:d8:52:bc
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
E-mail Protection, 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.20
Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
25:99:ea:1a:1e:96:6d:4e:b1:9c:5a:43:77:ea:3a:a7:a1:b7:
22:db:b9:d4:9a:1e:17:f7:13:2e:b2:ca:80:dd:c9:a5:db:61:
41:c6:8b:65:ae:0e:fc:9a:46:77:16:e0:e2:3d:1d:20:3c:e5:
d5:e0:b8:03:41:4f:e7:69:bf:e0:4c:dd:cc:c4:51:b1:da:2f:
ad:58:e1:ed:c6:5b:04:ea:1e:af:9a:89:cd:be:60:3c:9a:30:
51:7f:99:5a:6b:5c:8f:5a:d4:b8:ce:b5:8b:31:74:70:b3:cc:
5c:04:90:d8:8d:b6:75:55:fb:c1:d8:e8:db:cf:3d:80:e4:8d:
2f:7e:b9:2b:a2:9e:9f:1e:6f:d0:4e:6e:f7:f0:a6:61:3b:9e:
9b:4b:78:6b:84:37:ad:93:19:0d:7f:46:5a:18:74:89:8b:a8:
1a:75:bf:db:df:25:43:4b:57:ab:a1:19:2e:7c:7b:b9:b5:50:
ef:2c:1f:5c:18:8f:6c:66:83:61:eb:25:a3:21:81:2c:61:3b:
ee:8c:18:1a:89:9a:29:0d:5c:5b:38:f3:71:3d:61:f0:3f:80:
33:90:f2:60:53:48:fb:7a:65:c9:5f:1f:a3:e8:75:42:42:f5:
ad:db:60:29:c6:0f:3c:68:00:7a:2b:38:db:c7:17:b9:4e:d8:
90:d8:52:bc
Certificate for CA for example.net in PEM format:
PEM格式的CA证书，例如.net：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Private key for CA for example.net:
CA的私钥，例如.net：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEA1EZlUfiEHLWTR6UVFAbs3Cp3kxFedRTSiFS9FlDdQT9+KuQm
1aMzsF43HeWWNxwcaYCk7/0ieNfO08PelvuHMIi8BhSAXfOr12Q+BzHcl8XWGSa8
fQv43l75D9yaRQ8ojd36FVbVNRcogNL8H9aVlUIOLEc4U639DiT9o0Mzg1JlVNpI
2NyGQtUmrB1SVAhS5T9KdpV3jcbyM/AYh8j8W1Rd3WXxXPXI9DZUirZ7b/hV+NjY
36l7QEVMkg+qsiyhqGTVmSIeKHig2OVRZD8DFKkSR2GE1rBpGmujbtjKzkNQrVeW
K4cV2cIRA7CC1PCAv91E9PY5CivjTdP156o05QIDAQABAoIBADp/7/pIH7h9vcn3
z7hGNE50kaGBHuPrSh3yJG4a+O67XbzaRW2I3XzUaiIeHGixoY7duha9Txu4dbJc
f2JijR4uAIs4aSv7NDdW09VNw3o8NkWWLEnV288Eo2Tgqc8wXz/BleL9nCJWcH4Y
Jw1rKKwKmTdQpVBCWcPlI9UzduXQdZfBbrsL6+OZ+F3kbvUwYAVhhUuBS9sf4Xib
5GA2CDLPm433giOS3yr9KigpcLvbhAhMiPTXJ6i65m9xGGCcjhxP/drOH0cNczRD
yW0FCbaNRJUg9kEVu+n3uG1aVfOnU7RqcblFXgO7ea7G+mfp3Cfm744kvFEXz04k
8WLW6gECgYEA9lK9mKhMUeB1+xPJB4Za5QvrFc7nLt8ee7/aTNcyMI0l3uXyPDPj
TNEfgaRobptmwd2HVtXjlQ54fE+pE+qS8dOORh2VFoWi91zI4C8WnM/6j5P+QiXY
tcZDPF22bmsSW7uaQyaOhUfIMhzox1BbUH5q5YrcA5DmmQtaxcIZ+IECgYEA3J07
6DamIgy0eJO2GKHU/Hy8RvQZgauzCtmqmLQrWZeOmx9hORe1a71QU5F6Y3HQRcTD
RDDdJua9Y8BJ0WTkasbRgxjmHQlf4pUdT6ycfWgISbcCNFTosgPH+/OZPEh4DKlO
rbldUzHPuZdo2Q72KtSPMk+ikny2lCZ9cm2mKmUCgYEAsGoX4fJ/HpDMzrKf4qTG
Co8bojXZ+wbPVT/Vf/0LtBwTCG3VrGpZG5YWo4n1RWpFEQmwuW9cnE+N2TJQXLQ+
47Vpiyv6r/OsAM9SCsWOw2ZtBFGw4v0qFR3W37AaTUCgGFTnKbq+jhQX/FQaH02c
6KxxsM5fvqoTjX7FVycp5IECgYA4Tq1WpHQcpq99Qv4sJUnuM4v+dBj6fq9Q6qNf
HEUgNc2BDC5NWx7D4+rXmX7qWMc2t3S7N9mKL0RRbGeq2RxvoFUjJ7y71oOxmiuE
BWNfoqjS37HhV3aY0Nw/EzqeJ0T0vlXFg1Utgb4p+VoaZHYyElSGG8s7pjcXcwd7
qD7L/QKBgQCeDLKx5T1d/EqwW8KNK5qD/5lG/T0zu3MCDlzCjfs2BHMasv5RALd+
unMMANDElPHOFs7fSmCfspN8Y7+W15/k9WugpwQfST2Y8dSRVdPFp1FRt8u25yX2
mdRbU3vJSiAqPEEpKpBolXPxLOeLGvoTHFWSazgmCPIKKxq0wL+0+w==
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Robert's certificate:
罗伯特证书：
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Robert's private key:
罗伯特的私钥：
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEowIBAAKCAQEA09wUaWtxCSwLD52VCMFkIGbvn5wwBjA56xQW2hnMQU2xz/hT
W6UNduyXuhYQn+1XtfttS5+P0J8OFac+iMTk7zXRY5EgaBj0jju0DwM+oADWwybn
V44hkqN6LSFESNsBuVTo3Nbj0bPySyYPP9SZY+R+FAqycxxfO0E26ZpwvvdPCGtK
20QC6LtQZiyYlEWefgEOncOpA7coFSjDzaKtqwf2/2n07Lp/S72bKIwNh+Jm0SQ0
5Xe+ifHJdkw3NDq82Zw29ShgASlc9B56FRk0gRzPGgZcD/mBZ9xQCeKo152fNW7/
pqiAdGz4oQrzuyu2UYwhvAZyWdCVQtMCLM75IwIDAQABAoIBAAv+Q3GMUYPRaHbj
1tH+EKr86MfCUb2n8T9rjbefCj8QJOa/CgkAGPkIf7ZbFWnYR8TXjOJhEAUhW+zB
4PphGwynoUjfqFP8RavfmVvYNS1dnsrBYwtD0oa4lmwDnBf7vec99Ui7KX5vj2HN
r8NPR7et8a00xdFaY9G46WDkC0nkH8AqMMymY/Vu2KpH0f01hTpFLmxS7We+d3Uq
mva15GUc8+EL079uphokchr4E0036Ce4luCnqQfOUAKcXCMYK27lG5uue620IXLE
CqeevZPEn8eqWhSNGl981CF15AEb0tApMcMwrfcbpnQMHQuyQHm2XVewgF0gQGLn
UA0i6NECgYEA9TrFg3Kuw1Vfi+kztX6IMjW07YgN443NtB/9+sXKoc0Iz6LoPbOT
VHSVqHHpjicicBUyUa77Kr61HAv7AV0s2FRHAb3M7wOVYGkT52+12o4FH6EMU42G
ISAcsS4vCfHhYq1T0hC91bIY1XXxuBrpo0yb1RkEaSALHN6arAEgWccCgYEA3Sod
gEcahQEnu5P8UY5j9yFaBRqVxdQKWnO2trkfLkyVgtvn7ES31EGojVHg23nr5IsK
IpwFgBiQvEGUgV3dR0Jc5sZTETOweWBLebC/CtZfnhBcCNx8jwX5m/CtTzMHuxVs
VJ1WpUDn+K7+G8KIK0+Kp5QdOCxXptHRLkGPBcUCgYAVgCulFL8B3VBdQfsIpKlo
TZEpak5dbydj7ZIlFIZpnUJyggP+tOnr87TTafliP0gjr5gT1VWsL8BNTzeYrQSr
iugW3P9EzXmhVFUsa3z0RpNobIRaJwRljx0046m4I37xWeUJe/JI9C59OLQSwjlN
2f+ntWPPm8GdrF6/SfH+LQKBgQCyDaf2kEf/cHCmiXuHxVUhrs4kccTGofE75RDi
hqNdyPZNhfFvu9srnTivnY2j5MJPGsksF+Qtvpk3lqySghkVt43HlT9nB/A5p5bb
/7muZexQ+ua9k5UMKElOjDNbIcBFk/fFH26UWG7pPSkC/FhYVg9Q3uOvR7PBcAYy
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
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5dFCBZwzIe2IQomg3J8+OyILSs/uzFkjGjloJIrP+OtPKSrfR+/Y
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
This section contains a base64-encoded, gzipped, compressed tar file of various Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) messages used in this document. Saving the data in a file foo.tgz.b64 then running a command like "openssl base64 -d -in foo.tgz.b64 | tar xfz -" would recover the CMS messages and allow them to be used as test vectors.
本节包含本文档中使用的各种加密消息语法（CMS）消息的base64编码、gzip压缩tar文件。将数据保存在文件foo.tgz.b64中，然后运行类似于“opensslbase64-d-in foo.tgz.b64 | tar xfz-”的命令将恢复CMS消息并允许它们用作测试向量。
-- BEGIN MESSAGE ARCHIVE --
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-- BEGIN MESSAGE ARCHIVE --
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Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Cullen Jennings Cisco Systems 170 West Tasman Drive Mailstop SJC-21/2 San Jose, CA 95134 USA
美国加利福尼亚州圣何塞市西塔斯曼大道170号邮递站SJC-21/2库伦詹宁斯思科系统公司，邮编95134
Phone: +1 408 421 9990
EMail: fluffy@cisco.com
Phone: +1 408 421 9990
EMail: fluffy@cisco.com
Kumiko Ono Columbia University 1214 Amsterdam Avenue MC 0401 New York, NY 10027 USA
美国纽约州纽约市阿姆斯特丹大道1214号大野久美子哥伦比亚大学MC 0401，邮编：10027
EMail: kumiko@cs.columbia.edu
EMail: kumiko@cs.columbia.edu
Robert Sparks Tekelec 17210 Campbell Road Suite 250 Dallas, TX 75252 USA
Robert Sparks Tekelec 17210坎贝尔路250号套房美国德克萨斯州达拉斯75252
EMail: Robert.Sparks@tekelec.com
EMail: Robert.Sparks@tekelec.com
Brian Hibbard (editor) Tekelec 17210 Campbell Road Suite 250 Dallas, TX 75252 USA
Brian Hibbard（编辑）Tekelec 17210坎贝尔路250号套房美国德克萨斯州达拉斯75252
EMail: Brian.Hibbard@tekelec.com
EMail: Brian.Hibbard@tekelec.com