Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Denenberg, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6207 Library of Congress
Category: Informational April 2011
ISSN: 2070-1721
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Denenberg, Ed.
Request for Comments: 6207 Library of Congress
Category: Informational April 2011
ISSN: 2070-1721
The Media Types application/mods+xml, application/mads+xml,
application/mets+xml, application/marcxml+xml, and application/sru+xml
The Media Types application/mods+xml, application/mads+xml,
application/mets+xml, application/marcxml+xml, and application/sru+xml
Abstract
摘要
This document specifies media types for the following formats: MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema), MADS (Metadata Authority Description Schema), METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard), MARCXML (MARC21 XML Schema), and the SRU (Search/Retrieve via URL Response Format) protocol response XML schema. These are all XML schemas providing representations of various forms of information including metadata and search results.
本文档指定以下格式的媒体类型：MODS（元数据对象描述模式）、MADS（元数据权限描述模式）、METS（元数据编码和传输标准）、MARCXML（MARC21 XML模式）和SRU（通过URL响应格式搜索/检索）协议响应XML模式。这些都是XML模式，提供各种形式的信息表示，包括元数据和搜索结果。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
本文件不是互联网标准跟踪规范；它是为了提供信息而发布的。
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
本文件是互联网工程任务组（IETF）的产品。它代表了IETF社区的共识。它已经接受了公众审查，并已被互联网工程指导小组（IESG）批准出版。并非IESG批准的所有文件都适用于任何级别的互联网标准；见RFC 5741第2节。
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6207.
有关本文件当前状态、任何勘误表以及如何提供反馈的信息，请访问http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6207.
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2011 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托有关IETF文件的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)自本文件出版之日起生效。请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。从本文件中提取的代码组件必须包括信托法律条款第4.e节中所述的简化BSD许可证文本，并提供简化BSD许可证中所述的无担保。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Registration for mods+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Registration for mads+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Registration for mets+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Registration for marcxml+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Registration for sru+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1. Harmful Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2. Authenticity and Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Registration for mods+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Registration for mads+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Registration for mets+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Registration for marcxml+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Registration for sru+xml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1. Harmful Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2. Authenticity and Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Library of Congress, on behalf of and in collaboration with various components of the metadata and information retrieval community, has issued specifications that define formats for representation of various forms of information including metadata and search results. This memo provides information about the media types associated with several of these formats, all of which are XML schemas.
国会图书馆代表元数据和信息检索界的各个组成部分并与之合作，发布了规范，定义了各种形式信息（包括元数据和搜索结果）的表示格式。此备忘录提供了与其中几种格式相关联的媒体类型的信息，所有这些格式都是XML模式。
MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema. An XML schema for a bibliographic element set that may be used for a variety of purposes, and particularly for library applications.
MODS：元数据对象描述模式。用于书目元素集的XML模式，可用于各种目的，尤其是用于图书馆应用程序。
MADS: Metadata Authority Description Schema. An XML schema for an authority element set used to provide metadata about agents (people, organizations), events, and terms (topics, geographics, genres, etc.). It is a companion to MODS.
MADS：元数据权限描述模式。权威元素集的XML模式，用于提供有关代理（人员、组织）、事件和术语（主题、地理、类型等）的元数据。它是MODS的伴侣。
METS: Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard. An XML schema for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata regarding objects within a digital library.
METS：元数据编码和传输标准。一种XML模式，用于编码有关数字图书馆中对象的描述性、管理性和结构化元数据。
MARCXML: MARC21 XML Schema. An XML schema for the direct XML representation of the MARC format (for which there already exists a media type, application/marc; see [RFC2220]). By "direct XML representation", we mean that it encodes the actual MARC data within XML. (This is in contrast to MODS: MARC uses codes for its element names; MODS represents the same information but uses semantically meaningful names while MARCXML uses the MARC codes.)
MARCXML:MARC21 XML模式。用于直接XML表示MARC格式的XML模式（已经存在媒体类型application/MARC；请参见[RFC2220]）。所谓“直接XML表示”，我们的意思是它在XML中编码实际的MARC数据。（这与MODS不同：MARC使用代码作为其元素名称；MODS表示相同的信息，但使用语义上有意义的名称，而MARCXML使用MARC代码。）
SRU: Search/Retrieve via URL Response Format. An XML schema for the SRU response. SRU is a protocol, and the media type sru+xml pertains specifically to the default SRU response. The SRU response may be supplied in any of a number of suitable schemas, RSS, ATOM, for example, and the client identifies the desired format in the request, hence the need for a media type. This mechanism will be introduced in SRU 2.0; in previous versions (that is, all versions to date; 2.0 is in development), all responses are supplied in the existing default format, so no media type was necessary. SRU 2.0 is being developed within the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS).
SRU：通过URL响应格式进行搜索/检索。SRU响应的XML架构。SRU是一种协议，媒体类型SRU+xml专门属于默认SRU响应。例如，SRU响应可以以许多合适的模式、RSS、ATOM中的任何一种提供，并且客户端识别请求中的所需格式，因此需要媒体类型。该机制将在SRU 2.0中引入；在以前的版本中（即，到目前为止的所有版本；2.0正在开发中），所有响应都以现有的默认格式提供，因此不需要媒体类型。SRU 2.0正在结构化信息标准促进组织（OASIS）内部开发。
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mods+xml
MIME子类型名称：mods+xml
Required parameters: None
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023].
可选参数：（字符集）此参数的语义与[RFC3023]中指定的“application/xml”媒体类型的字符集参数相同。
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023].
编码注意事项：与[RFC3023]中描述的“应用程序/xml”相同。
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207.
安全注意事项：见RFC 6207第8节。
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
互操作性注意事项：不存在已知的互操作性问题。
Published specification: [MODS-SCHEMA], [MODS].
已发布规范：[MODS-SCHEMA]，[MODS]。
Applications which use this media type: Various MODS-conformant toolkits use this media type.
使用此媒体类型的应用程序：各种符合MODS的工具包都使用此媒体类型。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): None
幻数：无
File extension(s): .mods
文件扩展名：.mods
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Macintosh文件类型代码：文本
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: None
使用限制：无
Author/Change controller: The MODS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the MODS Editorial Committee, which has change control over the specification.
作者/变更控制员：MODS规范由国会图书馆制定，并由国会图书馆与MODS编辑委员会共同维护，后者对规范具有变更控制权。
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mads+xml
MIME子类型名称：mads+xml
Required parameters: None
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023].
可选参数：（字符集）此参数的语义与[RFC3023]中指定的“application/xml”媒体类型的字符集参数相同。
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023].
编码注意事项：与[RFC3023]中描述的“应用程序/xml”相同。
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207.
安全注意事项：见RFC 6207第8节。
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
互操作性注意事项：不存在已知的互操作性问题。
Published specification: [MADS-SCHEMA], [MADS].
已发布规范：[MADS-SCHEMA]，[MADS]。
Applications which use this media type: Various MADS conformant toolkits use this media type.
使用此介质类型的应用程序：各种符合MADS的工具包使用此介质类型。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): None
幻数：无
File extension(s): .mads
文件扩展名：.mads
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Macintosh文件类型代码：文本
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: None
使用限制：无
Author/Change controller: The MADS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the MODS Editorial Committee, which has change control over the specification.
作者/变更控制员：MADS规范由国会图书馆制定，并由国会图书馆与MODS编辑委员会共同维护，MODS编辑委员会对规范具有变更控制权。
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mets+xml
MIME子类型名称：mets+xml
Required parameters: None
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023].
可选参数：（字符集）此参数的语义与[RFC3023]中指定的“application/xml”媒体类型的字符集参数相同。
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023].
编码注意事项：与[RFC3023]中描述的“应用程序/xml”相同。
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207.
安全注意事项：见RFC 6207第8节。
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
互操作性注意事项：不存在已知的互操作性问题。
Published specification: [METS-SCHEMA], [METS].
已发布规范：[METS-SCHEMA]，[METS]。
Applications which use this media type: Various METS conformant toolkits use this media type.
使用此介质类型的应用程序：各种符合METS的工具包都使用此介质类型。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): None
幻数：无
File extension(s): .mets
文件扩展名：.mets
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Macintosh文件类型代码：文本
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: None
使用限制：无
Author/Change controller: The METS specification was developed by the Library of Congress and is maintained by the Library of Congress in conjunction with the METS Editorial Board as an initiative of the Digital Library Federation.
作者/变更控制员：METS规范由国会图书馆制定，并由国会图书馆与METS编辑委员会共同维护，作为数字图书馆联盟的一项倡议。
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: marcxml+xml
MIME子类型名称：marcxml+xml
Required parameters: None
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023].
可选参数：（字符集）此参数的语义与[RFC3023]中指定的“application/xml”媒体类型的字符集参数相同。
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023].
编码注意事项：与[RFC3023]中描述的“应用程序/xml”相同。
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207.
安全注意事项：见RFC 6207第8节。
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
互操作性注意事项：不存在已知的互操作性问题。
Published specification: [MARCXML-SCHEMA], [MARCXML].
发布的规范：[MARCXML-SCHEMA]，[MARCXML]。
Applications which use this media type: Various MARCXML conformant toolkits use this media type.
使用此媒体类型的应用程序：各种符合MARCXML的工具包都使用此媒体类型。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): None
幻数：无
File extension(s): .mrcx
文件扩展名：.mrcx
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Macintosh文件类型代码：文本
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: None
使用限制：无
Author/Change controller: The MARCXML standard is driven by the MARC standards, maintained at the Library of Congress.
作者/变更控制者：MARCXML标准由MARC标准驱动，由国会图书馆维护。
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: sru+xml
MIME子类型名称：sru+xml
Required parameters: None
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: (charset) This parameter has semantics identical to the charset parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in [RFC3023].
可选参数：（字符集）此参数的语义与[RFC3023]中指定的“application/xml”媒体类型的字符集参数相同。
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as described in [RFC3023].
编码注意事项：与[RFC3023]中描述的“应用程序/xml”相同。
Security considerations: See Section 8 of RFC 6207.
安全注意事项：见RFC 6207第8节。
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability issues.
互操作性注意事项：不存在已知的互操作性问题。
Published specification: [SRU-SCHEMA], [SRU].
发布的规范：[SRU-SCHEMA]，[SRU]。
Applications which use this media type: Various SRU conformant toolkits use this media type.
使用此介质类型的应用程序：各种符合SRU的工具包都使用此介质类型。
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): None
幻数：无
File extension(s): .sru
文件扩展名：.sru
Macintosh file type code(s): TEXT
Macintosh文件类型代码：文本
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Person and email address to contact for further information:
Ray Denenberg <rden@loc.gov>
Intended usage: COMMON
预期用途：普通
Restrictions on usage: None
使用限制：无
Author/Change controller: The SRU specification for versions earlier than 2.0 is maintained at the Library of Congress, in conjunction with the SRU Editorial Board. Version 2.0 (for which the sru+xml media type pertains) is being developed within OASIS.
作者/变更控制者：2.0之前版本的SRU规范由国会图书馆与SRU编辑委员会共同维护。2.0版（sru+xml媒体类型适用）正在OASIS中开发。
IANA has registered the five media types described in Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the MIME media type registry (in the Standards Tree).
IANA已经在MIME媒体类型注册表（在标准树中）中注册了第2、3、4、5和6节中描述的五种媒体类型。
An XML resource does not in itself compromise data security. Applications that retrieve XML files over a network by means of dereferencing a Uniform Resource Identifier [RFC3986] are advised to properly interpret the data so as to prevent unintended access. Hence, the security issues described in Section 7 of [RFC3986] apply.
XML资源本身不会损害数据安全性。建议通过取消引用统一资源标识符[RFC3986]在网络上检索XML文件的应用程序正确解释数据，以防止意外访问。因此，[RFC3986]第7节中描述的安全问题适用。
Because the media types described in this document use the "+xml" convention, they share the security considerations described in Section 10 of [RFC3023].
由于本文档中描述的媒体类型使用“+xml”约定，因此它们具有[RFC3023]第10节中描述的安全注意事项。
In general, security issues related to the use of XML in IETF protocols are discussed in Section 7 of [RFC3470] also apply. In the following sections, we review some aspects that are important for document-centric XML as applied to text encoding.
一般而言，[RFC3470]第7节讨论了与在IETF协议中使用XML相关的安全问题。在下面的部分中，我们将回顾一些对于以文档为中心的XML应用于文本编码非常重要的方面。
Any application that retrieves the XML media types described in this specification needs to be aware of risks connected with injection of harmful scripts and executable XML (i.e., "active content" as described in [RFC4288]). Although XML inclusion mechanisms and the use of external entities can introduce vulnerabilities to various forms of spoofing and also reveal aspects of a service in a way that may compromise its security, such vulnerabilities are application specific. In any case, MODS documents do not contain "active content".
检索本规范中描述的XML媒体类型的任何应用程序都需要了解与有害脚本和可执行XML（即[RFC4288]中描述的“活动内容”）注入相关的风险。尽管XML包含机制和外部实体的使用会给各种形式的欺骗带来漏洞，并以可能危及服务安全的方式揭示服务的各个方面，但此类漏洞是特定于应用程序的。在任何情况下，MODS文档都不包含“活动内容”。
Historical and bibliographical information can often be encoded in MODS documents, and such information might even have legal force in some jurisdictions. Digitization and encoding of such information might require technologies for assuring authenticity, such as cryptographic check sums and electronic signatures. Similarly, historical documents might in part or in their entirety be confidential. Such confidentiality might be required by law or by the terms and conditions such as in the case of donated or deposited text from private sources. A text archive might need content filtering or cryptographic technologies to meet such requirements.
历史和书目信息通常可以编码在MODS文件中，这些信息甚至可能在某些司法管辖区具有法律效力。这些信息的数字化和编码可能需要确保真实性的技术，如加密校验和和电子签名。同样，历史文件可能部分或全部是保密的。法律或条款和条件可能要求此类保密，例如私人来源的捐赠或存放文本。文本存档可能需要内容过滤或加密技术来满足这些要求。
[RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.
[RFC3023]Murata，M.，St.Laurent，S.，和D.Kohn，“XML媒体类型”，RFC 3023，2001年1月。
[RFC3470] Hollenbeck, S., Rose, M., and L. Masinter, "Guidelines for the Use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) within IETF Protocols", BCP 70, RFC 3470, January 2003.
[RFC3470]Hollenbeck，S.，Rose，M.，和L.Masinter，“IETF协议中可扩展标记语言（XML）的使用指南”，BCP 70，RFC 3470，2003年1月。
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3986]Berners Lee，T.，Fielding，R.，和L.Masinter，“统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法”，STD 66，RFC 3986，2005年1月。
[MADS-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "MADS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads.xsd>.
[MADS-SCHEMA]Denenberg，R.，“MADS-SCHEMA”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads.xsd>.
[MADS] Denenberg, R., "Metadata Authority Description Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/>.
[MADS]Denenberg，R.，“元数据权限描述模式”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/>.
[MARCXML-SCHEMA] Trail, N., "MARCXML Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/ standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd>.
[MARCXML-SCHEMA]Trail，N.，“MARCXML模式”<http://www.loc.gov/ 标准/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd>。
[MARCXML] Trail, N., "MARCXML MARC21 XML Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/>.
[MARCXML]Trail，N.，“MARCXML MARC21 XML模式”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/>.
[METS-SCHEMA] Redding, C., "METS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd>.
[METS-SCHEMA]雷丁，C.，“METS模式”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd>.
[METS] Redding, C., "Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/>.
[METS]Redding，C.，“元数据编码和传输标准”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/>.
[MODS-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "MODS Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods.xsd>.
[MODS-SCHEMA]Denenberg，R.，“MODS模式”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods.xsd>.
[MODS] Denenberg, R., "Metadata Object Description Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/>.
[MODS]Denenberg，R.，“元数据对象描述模式”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/>.
[SRU-SCHEMA] Denenberg, R., "SRU Schema", <http://www.loc.gov/ standards/sru/oasis/schemas/sruResponse.xsd>.
[SRU-SCHEMA]Denenberg，R.，“SRU-SCHEMA”<http://www.loc.gov/ 标准/sru/oasis/schemas/srureresponse.xsd>。
[SRU] Denenberg, R., "Search/Retrieve via URL Response Format", <http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/>.
[SRU]Denenberg，R.，“通过URL响应格式进行搜索/检索”<http://www.loc.gov/standards/sru/>.
[RFC2220] Guenther, R., "The Application/MARC Content-type", RFC 2220, October 1997.
[RFC2220]Guenther，R.，“应用程序/MARC内容类型”，RFC 2220，1997年10月。
[RFC4288] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
[RFC4288]Freed，N.和J.Klensin，“介质类型规范和注册程序”，BCP 13，RFC 4288，2005年12月。
Author's Address
作者地址
Ray Denenberg (editor) Library of Congress 101 Independence Ave, SE Washington, DC 20540 USA
美国华盛顿特区东南部独立大道101号国会图书馆Ray Denenberg（编辑）（20540）
Phone: (202) 707-5795 EMail: rden@loc.gov
电话：（202）707-5795电子邮件：rden@loc.gov