Network Working Group D. Ewell, Ed.
Request for Comments: 5645 Consultant
Category: Informational September 2009
Network Working Group D. Ewell, Ed.
Request for Comments: 5645 Consultant
Category: Informational September 2009
Update to the Language Subtag Registry
更新语言子标记注册表
Abstract
摘要
This memo defines the procedure used to update the IANA Language Subtag Registry, in conjunction with the publication of RFC 5646, for use in forming tags for identifying languages.
本备忘录定义了用于更新IANA语言子标签注册表的程序，以及RFC 5646的发布，用于形成识别语言的标签。
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2009 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托在本文件出版之日生效的与IETF文件有关的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). 请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Updating the Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1. Starting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2. New Language Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. Modified Language Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4. New Region Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5. Grandfathered and Redundant Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6. Preferred-Value Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.7. Additional Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Updated Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Updating the Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1. Starting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2. New Language Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. Modified Language Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4. New Region Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5. Grandfathered and Redundant Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.6. Preferred-Value Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.7. Additional Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Updated Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
[RFC4646] provides for a Language Subtag Registry and describes its format. The initial contents of the registry and rules for determining them are specified in [RFC4645].
[RFC4646]提供语言子标记注册表并描述其格式。[RFC4645]中规定了注册表的初始内容和确定这些内容的规则。
[RFC5646] expands on [RFC4646] by adding support for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and seven new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved code elements. This memo describes the process of updating the registry to include these additional subtags and to make secondary changes to the registry that result from adding the new subtags and from other decisions made by the Language Tag Registry Update (LTRU) Working Group.
[RFC5646]扩展了[RFC4646]，增加了对基于[ISO639-3]和[ISO639-5]alpha-3代码元素的大约7500个新的主语言和扩展语言子标签的支持，以及对基于[ISO3166-1]异常保留代码元素的七个新的区域子标签的支持。本备忘录描述了更新注册表的过程，以包括这些附加子标签，并对注册表进行二次更改，这些更改是由于添加新的子标签以及语言标签注册表更新（LTRU）工作组做出的其他决定而产生的。
In writing this document, a complete replacement of the contents of the Language Subtag Registry was provided to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to record the necessary updates.
在编写本文件时，向互联网分配号码管理局（IANA）提供了语言子标签注册中心内容的完整替换，以记录必要的更新。
The format of the Language Subtag Registry as well as the definition and intended purpose of each of the fields are described in [RFC5646].
[RFC5646]中描述了语言子标记注册表的格式以及每个字段的定义和预期用途。
The registry is expected to change over time, as new subtags are registered and existing subtags are modified or deprecated. The process of updating the registry is described in Section 3 of [RFC5646].
随着新子标签的注册和现有子标签的修改或弃用，注册表预计会随着时间的推移而改变。[RFC5646]第3节描述了更新注册表的过程。
Many of the subtags defined in the Language Subtag Registry are based on code elements defined in [ISO639-1], [ISO639-2], [ISO639-3], [ISO639-5], [ISO3166-1], [ISO15924], and [UN_M.49]. The registry is not a mirror of the code lists defined by these standards and should not be used as one.
语言子标记注册表中定义的许多子标记基于[ISO639-1]、[ISO639-2]、[ISO639-3]、[ISO639-5]、[ISO3166-1]、[ISO15924]和[UN_M.49]中定义的代码元素。注册表不是这些标准定义的代码列表的镜像，不应作为镜像使用。
This section describes the process for determining the updated contents of the Language Subtag Registry.
本节描述确定语言子标记注册表的更新内容的过程。
The version of the Language Subtag Registry that was current at the time of IESG approval of this memo served as the starting point for this update. This version was created according to the process described in [RFC4645] and maintained according to the process described in [RFC4646].
IESG批准本备忘录时最新的语言子标签注册版本是本次更新的起点。该版本是根据[RFC4645]中描述的流程创建的，并根据[RFC4646]中描述的流程进行维护。
The source data for [ISO639-3] used for this update consisted of three files, available from the official site of the ISO 639-3 Registration Authority. (Note that this file is updated from time to time. The version used in the preparation of this memo was the one in place on February 24, 2009.)
本次更新使用的[ISO639-3]源数据由三个文件组成，可从ISO 639-3注册机构的官方网站获得。（请注意，此文件会不时更新。编制本备忘录时使用的版本为2009年2月24日的版本。）
o [iso-639-3_20090210] is a list of all language code elements in [ISO639-3], including the alpha-3 code element and reference name for each code element. For example, the entry for the Dari language contained the code element 'prs' and the name "Dari" (among other information).
o [iso-639-3_20090210]是[ISO639-3]中所有语言代码元素的列表，包括alpha-3代码元素和每个代码元素的参考名称。例如，Dari语言的条目包含代码元素“prs”和名称“Dari”（以及其他信息）。
o [iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210] is a list containing all names associated with each language according to [ISO639-3], including both inverted and non-inverted forms where appropriate. An "inverted" name is one that is altered from the usual English-language order by moving adjectival qualifiers to the end, after the main language name and separated by a comma. A code element may have more than one entry in this file; the reference name and its inverted form are usually, but not always, given in the first entry. For example, this file contained an entry for the code element 'prs' with the name "Dari" (twice) and another entry with the names "Eastern Farsi" and "Farsi, Eastern".
o [iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210]是一个列表，包含根据[ISO639-3]与每种语言相关的所有名称，包括适当的倒排和非倒排形式。“倒装”名称是指将形容词限定词移到主语名称后的末尾，并用逗号分隔，从而改变英语的一般顺序的名称。代码元素在此文件中可能有多个条目；引用名称及其倒装形式通常（但不总是）在第一个条目中给出。例如，该文件包含一个名为“Dari”（两次）的代码元素“prs”条目，以及另一个名为“Eastern Farsi”和“Farsi，Eastern”的条目。
o [iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120] is a list of all alpha-3 code elements for languages that are encompassed by a macrolanguage in [ISO639-3], together with the alpha-3 code element for the macrolanguage. For example, a line containing the code elements 'fas' and 'prs' indicated that the macrolanguage "Persian" encompasses the individual language "Dari". (Note that these alpha-3 code elements may not have corresponded directly to subtags in the registry, which uses 2-letter subtags derived from [ISO639-1] when possible.)
o [iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120]是[ISO639-3]中宏语言包含的语言的所有alpha-3代码元素的列表，以及宏语言的alpha-3代码元素。例如，包含代码元素“fas”和“prs”的一行表示宏语言“波斯语”包含个别语言“Dari”。（请注意，这些alpha-3代码元素可能没有直接对应于注册表中的子标签，如果可能，注册表将使用源自[ISO639-1]的两个字母的子标签。）
The source data for [ISO639-5] used for this update consisted of one file, available from the official site of the ISO 639-5 Registration Authority. (Note that this file is updated from time to time. The version used in the preparation of this memo was the one in place on February 24, 2009.)
本次更新使用的[ISO639-5]源数据由一个文件组成，可从ISO 639-5注册机构的官方网站获得。（请注意，此文件会不时更新。编制本备忘录时使用的版本为2009年2月24日的版本。）
o [iso639-5.tab.txt] is a list of all language code elements in [ISO639-5], including the alpha-3 code elements and English name for each code element. For example, this file includes an entry containing the code element 'ira' and the name "Iranian languages" (among other information).
o [iso639-5.tab.txt]是[iso639-5]中所有语言代码元素的列表，包括alpha-3代码元素和每个代码元素的英文名称。例如，该文件包含一个条目，其中包含代码元素“ira”和名称“Iranian languages”（以及其他信息）。
Language code elements that were already retired in all of the source standards prior to IESG approval of this memo were not listed in these files and, consequently, were not considered in this update.
在IESG批准本备忘录之前，所有源标准中已经失效的语言代码元素未在这些文件中列出，因此，本更新中未考虑这些元素。
The values of the File-Date field, the Added date for each new subtag record, and the Deprecated date for each existing grandfathered or redundant tag deprecated by this update were set to a date as near as practical to the date this memo was approved for publication by IESG.
“文件日期”字段的值、每个新子标记记录的添加日期以及此更新不推荐的每个现有grandfathered或冗余标记的不推荐日期被设置为与IESG批准发布此备忘录的日期尽可能接近的日期。
For each language in [ISO639-3] that was not already represented by a language subtag in the Language Subtag Registry, a new language subtag was added to the registry, using the [ISO639-3] code element as the value for the Subtag field and using each of the non-inverted [ISO639-3] names as a separate Description field. The [ISO639-3] reference name is represented by the first Description field.
对于[ISO639-3]中尚未由language subtag注册表中的language subtag表示的每种语言，将[ISO639-3]代码元素用作subtag字段的值，并使用每个非反转的[ISO639-3]名称作为单独的描述字段，向注册表添加一个新的language subtag。[ISO639-3]参考名称由第一个描述字段表示。
If the language was encompassed by one of the [ISO639-3] macrolanguages 'ar' (Arabic), 'kok' (Konkani), 'ms' (Malay), 'sw' (Swahili), 'uz' (Uzbek), or 'zh' (Chinese), as determined by [iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120], an extended language subtag was also added, with the primary language subtag of the macrolanguage as the value for the Prefix field. These macrolanguage subtags were already present in the Language Subtag Registry and were chosen because they were determined by the LTRU Working Group to have been used to represent a single dominant language as well as the macrolanguage as a whole, making the extended language mechanism suitable for languages encompassed by the macrolanguage.
如果该语言被[ISO639-3]宏语言“ar”（阿拉伯语）、“kok”（康卡尼语）、“ms”（马来语）、“sw”（斯瓦希里语）、“uz”（乌兹别克语）或“zh”（中文）中的一种所包含，则还添加了一个扩展语言子标签，使用宏语言的主语言子标记作为前缀字段的值。这些宏语言子标签已经存在于语言子标签注册中，之所以选择这些宏语言子标签，是因为LTRU工作组确定这些宏语言子标签已被用于代表单一主导语言以及整个宏语言，从而使扩展语言机制适用于宏语言所包含的语言。
If the name of the language included the word "Sign", an extended language subtag was added, with the string "sgn" as the value for the Prefix field. This is a special case that treats the existing primary language subtag for "Sign languages" as if it were a macrolanguage encompassing all sign languages.
如果语言名称包含单词“Sign”，则会添加扩展语言子标记，并将字符串“sgn”作为前缀字段的值。这是一个特例，它将“手语”的现有主语言子标记视为包含所有手语的宏语言。
All extended language subtags were added with a Preferred-Value equal to the corresponding primary language subtag.
所有扩展语言子标签都添加了一个首选值，该值等于相应的主语言子标签。
If the language was encompassed by a macrolanguage, as determined by [iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120], a Macrolanguage field was added for the encompassed language, with a value equal to the subtag of the macrolanguage. (Note that 'sgn' is defined as a "collection code" by [ISO639-3] and hence is not included in that standard; therefore, no Macrolanguage field was added for sign language subtags.)
如[iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120]所确定，如果语言包含在宏语言中，则为包含的语言添加一个宏语言字段，其值等于宏语言的子标记。（注意，[ISO639-3]将“sgn”定义为“集合代码”，因此不包括在该标准中；因此，没有为手语子标签添加宏语言字段。）
If the language was assigned a "Scope" value of 'M' (Macrolanguage) in [iso-639-3_20090210], a Scope value of "macrolanguage" was added
如果在[iso-639-3_20090210]中为语言分配了“范围”值'M'（宏语言），则添加范围值“宏语言”
for the language. Otherwise, if the language was assigned a "Scope" value of 'S' (Special), a Scope value of "special" was added. Most languages in [ISO639-3] have scope 'I' (Individual) and thus were not assigned a Scope value in the registry.
为了语言。否则，如果为语言指定了“范围”值“S”（特殊），则会添加范围值“特殊”。[ISO639-3]中的大多数语言都有作用域“I”（单个），因此没有在注册表中分配作用域值。
For each language in [iso639-5.tab.txt] that was not already represented by a language subtag in the Language Subtag Registry, a new language subtag was added to the registry, using the [ISO639-5] code element as the value for the Subtag field and using the "English name" field as the Description field. Each of these languages was assigned a Scope value of "collection" in the registry.
对于[iso639-5.tab.txt]中尚未由语言子标记注册表中的语言子标记表示的每种语言，将新的语言子标记添加到注册表中，使用[iso639-5]代码元素作为子标记字段的值，并使用“English name”字段作为描述字段。这些语言中的每一种都在注册表中分配了一个范围值“collection”。
All subtags were added to the registry maintaining alphabetical order within each type of subtag: all 2-letter "language" subtags first, then all 3-letter "language" subtags, and finally all "extlang" subtags. Some existing records were moved to ensure this order.
所有子标签都添加到注册表中，并在每种类型的子标签中保持字母顺序：首先是所有两个字母的“语言”子标签，然后是所有三个字母的“语言”子标签，最后是所有“extlang”子标签。已移动一些现有记录以确保此顺序。
For each language in [ISO639-3] that was already represented by a language subtag in the Language Subtag Registry, Description fields were added as necessary to reflect all non-inverted names listed for that language in [iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210]. Any existing Description fields that reflected inverted names or that represented a strict subset of the information provided by the [ISO639-3] name were deleted. An example of the latter was the name "Ainu" for the subtag 'ain', which provided less information than the [ISO639-3] name "Ainu (Japan)".
对于[ISO639-3]中已经由语言子标记注册表中的语言子标记表示的每种语言，根据需要添加描述字段，以反映[iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210]中为该语言列出的所有非倒排名称。已删除任何反映倒置名称或表示[ISO639-3]名称所提供信息严格子集的现有描述字段。后者的一个例子是子标签“ain”的名称“Ainu”，它提供的信息少于[ISO639-3]名称“Ainu（日本）”。
The order of Description fields was adjusted to ensure that the reference name from [ISO639-3] was listed first, followed by other names from [ISO639-3] in the order presented by that standard, followed by any other names already existing in the registry. In some cases, this resulted in a reordering of Description fields for existing entries, even when no new values were added.
对描述字段的顺序进行了调整，以确保首先列出[ISO639-3]中的参考名称，然后是[ISO639-3]中的其他名称，按照该标准提供的顺序，然后是注册表中已经存在的任何其他名称。在某些情况下，这会导致现有条目的描述字段重新排序，即使没有添加新值。
For each language that was encompassed by a macrolanguage in [ISO639-3], a Macrolanguage field was added, with a value equal to the subtag of the macrolanguage.
对于[ISO639-3]中宏语言包含的每种语言，添加了一个宏语言字段，其值等于宏语言的子标记。
For each language in [iso639-5.tab.txt] that was already represented in the Language Subtag Registry, the Description field was adjusted as necessary to match the "English name" field in [iso639-5.tab.txt]. Names in inverted form were rearranged to remove the inversion. Each of these languages was assigned a Scope value of "collection". Existing language subtags whose code elements were assigned prior to the publication of [ISO639-3] or [ISO639-5] and that were identified by the [ISO639-3] Registration Authority as representing collections
对于[iso639-5.tab.txt]中已经在language Subtag注册表中表示的每种语言，都会根据需要调整Description字段以匹配[iso639-5.tab.txt]中的“English name”字段。倒装形式的名称被重新排列以删除倒装形式。这些语言中的每一种都被分配了一个范围值“collection”。代码元素在[ISO639-3]或[ISO639-5]发布之前分配，且经[ISO639-3]注册机构认定为代表集合的现有语言子标签
were also assigned a Scope value of "collection", even though they are not listed as such in [iso639-5.tab.txt].
还为其分配了一个范围值“collection”，即使[iso639-5.tab.txt]中没有列出它们。
Note in particular that the change from [ISO639-2] names such as "Afro-Asiatic (Other)" to [ISO639-5] names such as "Afro-Asiatic languages" implies a broadening of scope for some of these subtags, designated "remainder groups" in [ISO639-5]. While [iso639-5.tab.txt] includes a field indicating which code elements are designated as "groups" or "remainder groups" in [ISO639-2], [RFC5646] does not make this distinction, and consequently this field was not used in updating the Language Subtag Registry.
请特别注意，从[ISO639-2]名称（如“亚非（其他）”更改为[ISO639-5]名称（如“亚非语言”），意味着这些子标签中的某些子标签的范围扩大，在[ISO639-5]中被指定为“剩余组”。虽然[iso639-5.tab.txt]包含一个字段，指示哪些代码元素在[iso639-2]中被指定为“组”或“剩余组”，[RFC5646]没有进行这种区分，因此该字段没有用于更新语言子标记注册表。
A Scope value of "private-use" was added for the unique record with Subtag value 'qaa..qtz'. This record has a Description of "Private use" (changed from "PRIVATE USE") and corresponds to a range of code elements that is reserved for private use in [ISO639-2]. The Description fields for script and region private-use subtags were also capitalized as "Private use".
为子标记值为'qaa..qtz'的唯一记录添加了范围值“private use”。该记录具有“专用”的描述（从“专用”更改为“专用”），并对应于[ISO639-2]中为专用保留的一系列代码元素。脚本和区域专用子标签的描述字段也大写为“专用”。
[RFC5646] expands the scope of region subtags by adding subtags based on code elements defined as "exceptionally reserved" in [ISO3166-1]. These code elements are reserved by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency "at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations". At the time of IESG approval of this memo, ISO 3166/MA had defined nine exceptionally reserved code elements, all of which were added to the Language Subtag Registry except for the following:
[RFC5646]通过基于[ISO3166-1]中定义为“异常保留”的代码元素添加子标记，扩展了区域子标记的范围。这些代码元素由ISO 3166维护机构“应国家ISO成员机构、政府和国际组织的要求”保留。在IESG批准本备忘录时，ISO 3166/MA定义了九个例外保留代码元素，所有这些元素都添加到语言子标签注册表中，但以下内容除外：
o 'FX' (Metropolitan France) was already present in the Language Subtag Registry because it was an assigned [ISO3166-1] code element from 1993 to 1997, but was deprecated with a Preferred-Value of "FR".
o “FX”（法国大都会）已经出现在语言子标记注册表中，因为它是1993年至1997年分配的[ISO3166-1]代码元素，但被弃用为首选值“FR”。
o 'UK' (United Kingdom) was not added because it is associated with the same UN M.49 code (826) as the existing region subtag 'GB'. [RFC5646], Section 3.4, item 15 (D) states that a new region subtag is not added to the Language Subtag Registry if it carries the same meaning as an existing region subtag.
o 未添加“UK”（英国），因为它与现有区域子标记“GB”关联的UN M.49代码（826）相同。[RFC5646]第3.4节第15（D）项规定，如果新区域子标记与现有区域子标记具有相同的含义，则不会将其添加到语言子标记注册表中。
As stated in [RFC5646], "grandfathered" and "redundant" tags are complete tags in the Language Subtag Registry that were registered under [RFC1766] or [RFC3066] and remain valid. Grandfathered tags cannot be generated from a valid combination of subtags, while redundant tags can be.
如[RFC5646]中所述，“grandfathered”和“redundant”标记是在[RFC1766]或[RFC3066]下注册并保持有效的语言子标记注册表中的完整标记。不能从子标记的有效组合生成Grandfathered标记，而可以生成冗余标记。
Under certain conditions, registration of a subtag under [RFC5646] may cause a grandfathered tag to be reclassified as redundant. It may also enable the creation of a generative tag with the same meaning as a grandfathered or redundant tag; in that case, the grandfathered or redundant tag is marked as Deprecated, and the generative tag (including the new subtag) becomes its Preferred-Value.
在某些情况下，在[RFC5646]下注册子标签可能会导致祖父标签被重新分类为冗余标签。它还可以创建与祖辈标记或冗余标记具有相同含义的生成标记；在这种情况下，grandfathered或redundant标记被标记为Deprecated，generative标记（包括新的子标记）成为其首选值。
As a result of adding the new subtags in this update, each of the following grandfathered tags became composable, were reclassified as redundant, and were deprecated with the indicated generative tag serving as the Preferred-Value:
由于在此更新中添加了新的子标签，以下每个grandfathered标签都变得可组合，被重新分类为冗余标签，并被弃用，指定的生成性标签作为首选值：
zh-cmn (Preferred-Value: cmn)
zh cmn（首选值：cmn）
zh-cmn-Hans (Preferred-Value: cmn-Hans)
zh cmn Hans（首选值：cmn Hans）
zh-cmn-Hant (Preferred-Value: cmn-Hant)
zh cmn Hant（首选值：cmn Hant）
zh-gan (Preferred-Value: gan)
zh-gan（首选值：gan）
zh-wuu (Preferred-Value: wuu)
zh wuu（首选值：wuu）
zh-yue (Preferred-Value: yue)
中越（首选值：越）
The following grandfathered tags were deprecated, with the indicated generative tag serving as the Preferred-Value:
不推荐使用以下grandfathered标记，指定的生成标记作为首选值：
i-ami (Preferred-Value: ami)
i-ami（首选值：ami）
i-bnn (Preferred-Value: bnn)
i-bnn（首选值：bnn）
i-pwn (Preferred-Value: pwn)
i-pwn（首选值：pwn）
i-tao (Preferred-Value: tao)
i-tao（首选值：tao）
i-tay (Preferred-Value: tay)
i-tay（首选值：tay）
i-tsu (Preferred-Value: tsu)
i-tsu（首选值：tsu）
zh-hakka (Preferred-Value: hak)
中弘客家（首选值：客家）
zh-min (no Preferred-Value; see below)
zh最小值（无首选值；见下文）
zh-min-nan (Preferred-Value: nan)
zh min nan（首选值：nan）
zh-xiang (Preferred-Value: hns)
zh xiang（首选值：hns）
The tag "zh-min", originally registered under [RFC1766], is a special case: it represents a small class of Chinese languages, but is not a true macrolanguage. The string "min" could not ever be used to tag these languages since the [ISO639-3] code element 'min' is assigned to an individual language (Minangkabau) that is not related to Chinese ('zh'). Because it is not believed to represent a useful linguistic entity for tagging purposes, it was deprecated without a Preferred-Value.
最初在[RFC1766]下注册的标记“zh-min”是一个特例：它代表一小类中文，但不是真正的宏语言。字符串“min”无法用于标记这些语言，因为[ISO639-3]代码元素“min”被分配给了与中文（'zh'）无关的单个语言（米南卡保）。由于人们认为它不代表用于标记目的的有用语言实体，因此在没有首选值的情况下，它被弃用。
The following grandfathered and redundant sign language tags were deprecated, with the indicated generative tag serving as the Preferred-Value:
不推荐使用以下广义和冗余的手语标记，使用指定的生成标记作为首选值：
sgn-BE-FR (Preferred-Value: sfb)
sgn BE FR（首选值：sfb）
sgn-BE-NL (Preferred-Value: vgt)
sgn BE NL（首选值：vgt）
sgn-BR (Preferred-Value: bzs)
sgn BR（首选值：bzs）
sgn-CH-DE (Preferred-Value: sgg)
sgn总DE（首选值：sgg）
sgn-CO (Preferred-Value: csn)
sgn公司（首选值：csn）
sgn-DE (Preferred-Value: gsg)
sgn DE（首选值：gsg）
sgn-DK (Preferred-Value: dsl)
sgn DK（首选值：dsl）
sgn-ES (Preferred-Value: ssp)
sgn ES（首选值：ssp）
sgn-FR (Preferred-Value: fsl)
sgn FR（首选值：fsl）
sgn-GB (Preferred-Value: bfi)
sgn GB（首选值：bfi）
sgn-GR (Preferred-Value: gss)
sgn GR（首选值：gss）
sgn-IE (Preferred-Value: isg)
sgn IE（首选值：isg）
sgn-IT (Preferred-Value: ise)
sgn IT（首选值：ise）
sgn-JP (Preferred-Value: jsl)
sgn JP（首选值：jsl）
sgn-MX (Preferred-Value: mfs)
sgn MX（首选值：mfs）
sgn-NI (Preferred-Value: ncs)
sgn NI（首选值：ncs）
sgn-NL (Preferred-Value: dse)
sgn NL（首选值：dse）
sgn-NO (Preferred-Value: nsl)
sgn编号（首选值：nsl）
sgn-PT (Preferred-Value: psr)
sgn PT（首选值：psr）
sgn-SE (Preferred-Value: swl)
sgn SE（首选值：swl）
sgn-US (Preferred-Value: ase)
新加坡元美国（首选值：ase）
sgn-ZA (Preferred-Value: sfs)
sgn ZA（首选值：sfs）
No change was made to the Description field(s) for any of the grandfathered or redundant tags. For example, the redundant tag "sgn-US" continues to carry the Description "American Sign Language". The sign language tags registered prior to [RFC4646] remain an exception to the general principle that the meaning of a non-grandfathered tag can be derived from its component subtags.
没有对任何祖父标记或冗余标记的描述字段进行任何更改。例如，冗余标记“sgn US”继续带有“美国手语”的描述。[RFC4646]之前注册的手语标记仍然是一般原则的例外，即非祖父标记的含义可以从其组件子标记中派生。
In previous versions of the registry, grandfathered tags that had been deprecated as a result of adding an ISO 639-based language subtag included a Comments field, with a value of the form "replaced by ISO code xxx", where 'xxx' represented the new language subtag. These comments duplicated the information contained within the Preferred-Value field and were deleted as part of this update. No changes were made to other Comments fields.
在以前版本的注册表中，由于添加基于ISO 639的语言子标签而被弃用的grandfathered标记包括一个注释字段，其值的形式为“替换为ISO代码xxx”，其中“xxx”表示新的语言子标签。这些注释与首选值字段中包含的信息重复，并作为此更新的一部分被删除。未对其他注释字段进行任何更改。
[RFC5646], Section 3.1.7 provides for the value of Preferred-Value fields to be updated as necessary to reflect changes in one of the source standards. Accordingly, the Preferred-Value fields for the following deprecated tags were changed:
[RFC5646]，第3.1.7节规定了根据需要更新的首选值字段的值，以反映其中一个源标准的变化。因此，更改了以下不推荐使用的标记的首选值字段：
i-hak (changed from zh-hakka to hak)
i-hak（从zh客家语改为客家语）
zh-guoyu (changed from zh-cmn to cmn)
中弘国语（由中弘cmn改为cmn）
This makes it unnecessary for consumers of the Language Subtag Registry to follow a "chain" of Preferred-Values in order to arrive at a non-deprecated subtag.
这使得Language Subtag Registry的使用者无需遵循首选值的“链”来获得未弃用的子标记。
For consistency with the handling of alternative names in language subtags, Description fields for script subtags taken from [ISO15924] that represent alternative names were converted to multiple Description fields. For example, the Description "Han (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja)" was converted to four separate Description fields. Some Description fields for script subtags contained parenthetical material that was explanatory, rather than identifying alternative names; these fields were not altered.
为了与语言子标签中替代名称的处理保持一致，取自[ISO15924]的表示替代名称的脚本子标签的描述字段被转换为多个描述字段。例如，描述“Han（汉字、汉字、汉字）”被转换为四个单独的描述字段。脚本子标签的一些描述字段包含解释性的插入材料，而不是识别替代名称；这些字段没有更改。
This situation does not apply to region subtags taken from [ISO3166-1] and [UN_M.49] because those standards do not provide freely available alternative names for code elements.
这种情况不适用于取自[ISO3166-1]和[UN_M.49]的区域子标签，因为这些标准没有为代码元素提供免费可用的替代名称。
Description fields in inverted form for script and region subtags were rearranged to remove the inversion, for consistency with the handling of language subtags in Sections 2.2 and 2.3. For example, the Description field "Korea, Republic of" was changed to "Republic of Korea".
为了与第2.2节和第2.3节中语言子标签的处理保持一致，对脚本和区域子标签的反转形式描述字段进行了重新排列，以消除反转。例如，描述字段“大韩民国”更改为“大韩民国”。
The capitalization of the Subtag fields for certain grandfathered and redundant tags (sgn-BE-fr, sgn-BE-nl, sgn-CH-de, and yi-latn) was modified to conform with the capitalization conventions described in [RFC5646], Section 2.1.1. This has no effect on the validity or meaning of these tags.
对某些父系和冗余标记（sgn BE fr、sgn BE nl、sgn CH de和yi latn）的子标记字段的大写进行了修改，以符合[RFC5646]第2.1.1节中所述的大写惯例。这对这些标签的有效性或含义没有影响。
The Description field for subtag 'sgn' was capitalized as "Sign languages" to match the capitalization used for other languages in [ISO639-5], even though this capitalization does not exactly match that used for code element 'sgn' in any of the ISO 639 parts.
子标记“sgn”的描述字段被大写为“手语”，以匹配[ISO639-5]中用于其他语言的大写字母，即使该大写字母与任何ISO 639部分中用于代码元素“sgn”的大写字母不完全匹配。
The Deprecated field for the region subtag TP was modified from 2002- 11-15 to 2002-05-20, to correct a clerical error. The corrected date reflects the actual date the code element TP was withdrawn in [ISO3166-1].
区域子标记TP的弃用字段从2002-11-15修改为2002-05-20，以更正笔误。修正日期反映了[ISO3166-1]中代码元素TP被撤销的实际日期。
The order of fields within records in the registry was adjusted as necessary to match the order in which these fields are described in [RFC5646], Section 3.1.2. This ordering is not required by [RFC5646] and may not necessarily be reflected in future additions or modifications to the registry.
根据需要调整注册表中记录中字段的顺序，以匹配[RFC5646]第3.1.2节中描述的这些字段的顺序。[RFC5646]不要求这种排序，并且不一定反映在注册表的未来添加或修改中。
IANA has updated the Language Subtag Registry according to the provided replacement contents. The replacement content was listed in the working draft of this document, but was deleted prior to publication as an RFC to avoid potential confusion with the registry itself. The Language Subtag Registry is available from the IANA website, <http://www.iana.org>.
IANA已根据提供的替换内容更新了语言子标签注册表。替换内容列在本文件的工作草案中，但在作为RFC发布之前已删除，以避免与注册表本身产生潜在混淆。语言子标签注册表可从IANA网站获得<http://www.iana.org>.
For security considerations relevant to the Language Subtag Registry and the use of language tags, see [RFC5646].
有关与语言子标记注册表和语言标记使用相关的安全注意事项，请参阅[RFC5646]。
IANA has updated the Language Subtag Registry, which can be found via <http://www.iana.org>. For details on the procedures for the format and ongoing maintenance of this registry, see RFC 5646.
IANA已更新了语言子标签注册表，可通过<http://www.iana.org>. 有关此注册表格式和持续维护程序的详细信息，请参阅RFC 5646。
[ISO639-3] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639- 3:2007. Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages", February 2007.
[ISO639-3]国际标准化组织，“ISO 639-3:2007.语言名称表示代码-第3部分：语言全面覆盖阿尔法-3代码”，2007年2月。
[ISO639-5] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639- 5:2008. Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups", May 2008.
[ISO639-5]国际标准化组织，“ISO 639-5:2008.语言名称表示代码——第5部分：语言族和语言组的Alpha-3代码”，2008年5月。
[RFC5646] Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for Identifying Languages", RFC 5646, September 2009.
[RFC5646]Phillips，A.，Ed.和M.Davis，Ed.，“识别语言的标记”，RFC 56462009年9月。
[iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-3 Macrolanguage Mappings", January 2009, <http:// www.sil.org/iso639-3/ iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120.tab>.
[iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120]国际标准化组织，“iso 639-3 macrolanguages映射”，2009年1月，<http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/iso-639-3-macrolanguages_20090120.tab>。
[iso-639-3_20090210] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-3 Code Set", February 2009, <http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/iso-639-3_20090210.tab>.
[iso-639-3_20090210]国际标准化组织，“iso 639-3代码集”，2009年2月<http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/iso-639-3_20090210.tab>.
[iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-3 Language Names Index", February 2009, <http://www.sil.org/ iso639-3/iso-639-3_Name_Index_20090210.tab>.
[iso-639-3_名称_索引_20090210]国际标准化组织，“iso 639-3语言名称索引”，2009年2月<http://www.sil.org/ iso639-3/iso-639-3\u名称\u索引\u 20090210.tab>。
[iso639-5.tab.txt] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-5 code list, Tab-delimited text", February 2009, <http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-5/iso639-5.tab.txt>.
[iso639-5.tab.txt]国际标准化组织，“ISO 639-5代码列表，制表符分隔文本”，2009年2月<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-5/iso639-5.tab.txt>.
[ISO15924] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 15924:2004. Information and documentation -- Codes for the representation of names of scripts", January 2004.
[ISO15924]国际标准化组织，“ISO 15924:2004.信息和文件——脚本名称表示代码”，2004年1月。
[ISO3166-1] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 3166- 1:2006. Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions -- Part 1: Country codes", November 2006.
[ISO3166-1]国际标准化组织，“ISO 3166-1:2006.国家及其分支机构名称表示代码——第1部分：国家代码”，2006年11月。
[ISO639-1] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639- 1:2002. Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code", July 2002.
[ISO639-1]国际标准化组织，“ISO 639-1:2002.语言名称表示代码——第1部分：阿尔法-2代码”，2002年7月。
[ISO639-2] International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639- 2:1998. Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 2: Alpha-3 code", October 1998.
[ISO639-2]国际标准化组织，“ISO 639-2:1998.语言名称表示代码——第2部分：阿尔法-3代码”，1998年10月。
[RFC1766] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.
[RFC1766]Alvestrand，H.，“语言识别标签”，RFC1766，1995年3月。
[RFC3066] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 3066, January 2001.
[RFC3066]Alvestrand，H.，“语言识别标签”，RFC 3066，2001年1月。
[RFC4645] Ewell, D., "Initial Language Subtag Registry", RFC 4645, September 2006.
[RFC4645]Ewell，D.，“初始语言子标签注册”，RFC 46452006年9月。
[RFC4646] Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Tags for Identifying Languages", BCP 47, RFC 4646, September 2006.
[RFC4646]Phillips，A.和M.Davis，“识别语言的标记”，BCP 47，RFC 46462006年9月。
[UN_M.49] Statistics Division, United Nations, "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use", Revision 4 (United Nations publication, Sales No. 98.XVII.9, June 1999.
[UN_M.49]联合国统计司，“统计使用的标准国家或地区代码”，第4版（联合国出版物，出售品编号98.XVII.9，1999年6月）。
This memo is a collaborative work of the Language Tag Registry Update (LTRU) Working Group. All of its members have made significant contributions to this memo and to its predecessor, [RFC4645].
本备忘录是语言标记注册表更新（LTRU）工作组的协作工作。其所有成员都对本备忘录及其前身[RFC4645]做出了重大贡献。
Specific contributions to this memo were made by Stephane Bortzmeyer, John Cowan, Mark Davis, Martin Duerst, Frank Ellermann, Debbie Garside, Kent Karlsson, Gerard Lang, Addison Phillips, Randy Presuhn, and CE Whitehead.
本备忘录的具体内容由Stephane Bortzmeyer、John Cowan、Mark Davis、Martin Duerst、Frank Ellerman、Debbie Garside、Kent Karlsson、Gerard Lang、Addison Phillips、Randy Presohn和CE Whitehead提供。
Author's Address
作者地址
Doug Ewell (editor) Consultant
道格·埃威尔（编辑）顾问
EMail: doug@ewellic.org
URI: http://www.ewellic.org
EMail: doug@ewellic.org
URI: http://www.ewellic.org