Network Working Group A. Farrel
Request for Comments: 5513 Old Dog Consulting
Category: Informational 1 April 2009
Network Working Group A. Farrel
Request for Comments: 5513 Old Dog Consulting
Category: Informational 1 April 2009
IANA Considerations for Three Letter Acronyms
IANA对三字母首字母缩略词的考虑
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
版权所有（c）2009 IETF信托基金和确定为文件作者的人员。版权所有。
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
本文件受BCP 78和IETF信托在本文件出版之日生效的与IETF文件有关的法律规定的约束(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). 请仔细阅读这些文件，因为它们描述了您对本文件的权利和限制。
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件可能包含2008年11月10日之前发布或公开的IETF文件或IETF贡献中的材料。控制某些材料版权的人员可能未授予IETF信托允许在IETF标准流程之外修改此类材料的权利。在未从控制此类材料版权的人员处获得充分许可的情况下，不得在IETF标准流程之外修改本文件，也不得在IETF标准流程之外创建其衍生作品，除了将其格式化以RFC形式发布或将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
Abstract
摘要
Three Letter Acronyms (TLAs) are commonly used to identify components of networks or protocols as designed or specified within the IETF. A common concern is that one acronym may have multiple expansions. While this may not have been an issue in the past, network convergence means that protocols that did not previously operate together are now found in close proximity. This results in contention for acronyms, and confusion in interpretation. Such confusion has the potential to degrade the performance of the Internet as misunderstandings lead to misconfiguration or other operating errors.
三字母缩写词（TLA）通常用于识别IETF中设计或指定的网络或协议的组件。一个常见的问题是，一个首字母缩略词可能有多个扩展名。虽然这在过去可能不是一个问题，但网络融合意味着以前没有一起运行的协议现在可以在很近的距离内找到。这导致了对首字母缩略词的争论和解释上的混乱。这种混乱有可能降低互联网的性能，因为误解会导致错误配置或其他操作错误。
Given the growing use of TLAs and the relatively small number available, this document specifies a Badly Construed Proposal (BCP) for the management of a registry of TLAs within the IETF, and the procedures for the allocation of new TLAs from the registry.
鉴于TLA的使用越来越多，且可用的TLA数量相对较少，本文件规定了IETF内TLA注册管理的错误解释建议（BCP），以及从注册处分配新TLA的程序。
A Three-Letter Acronym (TLA) is a popular form of abbreviation usually based on the initial letters of a three-word term. A formal definition of a TLA is provided in Section 2.
三个字母的首字母缩略词（TLA）是一种流行的缩写形式，通常基于三个单词术语的首字母。第2节提供了TLA的正式定义。
TLAs are particularly popular within the Internet community where they serve as abbreviations in the spoken and written word. As their popularity has grown, the measure of the value of an RFC (q.v.) is not only its successful implementation, interoperability, and deployment, but also the number of TLAs included in the text.
TLA在互联网社区中特别流行，它们在口语和书面语中充当缩写。随着RFC（q.v.）的普及，衡量RFC（q.v.）价值的标准不仅是它的成功实施、互操作性和部署，还包括文本中包含的TLA数量。
For example, the Transmission Control Protocol (itself a TLA - TCP) [RFC0793] is extremely successful. The specification contains no fewer than 20 distinct TLAs (although it should be noted that some are simple abbreviations rather than proper acronyms). On the other hand, the Internet Stream Protocol Version 2 [RFC1819] is ambiguously referred to using the TLA ST2, and also as STII which is clearly not a TLA. Further, the STII specification contains only 12 distinct TLAs, and it should be no surprise that STII has been far less successful than TCP.
例如，传输控制协议（本身就是TLA-TCP）[RFC0793]非常成功。本规范包含不少于20个不同的TLA（尽管应注意，有些是简单的缩写，而不是适当的首字母缩写）。另一方面，因特网流协议版本2[RFC1819]被含糊地称为使用TLA ST2，也被称为STII，它显然不是TLA。此外，STII规范只包含12个不同的TLA，因此STII远不如TCP成功也就不足为奇了。
A common concern amongst diligent protocol implementers is that one acronym may have multiple expansions. While this may not have been an issue in the past, network convergence means that protocols that did not previously operate together are now found in close proximity. Not only does this result in contention for acronyms, and confusion in interpretation of specification, it also leads to many wasted hours trying to select appropriate and suitably-unique names for variables within source code implementations. Such confusion has the potential to degrade the performance of the Internet as misunderstandings lead to coding errors, compilation failures, misconfiguration, and other operating errors.
勤奋的协议实现者共同关心的一个问题是，一个首字母缩略词可能有多个扩展。虽然这在过去可能不是一个问题，但网络融合意味着以前没有一起运行的协议现在可以在很近的距离内找到。这不仅会导致对首字母缩略词的争夺，以及对规范的解释上的混乱，还导致在源代码实现中为变量选择适当且适当唯一的名称时浪费大量时间。这种混乱有可能降低互联网的性能，因为误解会导致编码错误、编译失败、配置错误和其他操作错误。
Furthermore, it should be noted that we are rapidly approaching World Acronym Depletion (WAD). It has been estimated that, at the current rate of TLA allocation, we will run out by the end of September this year. This timescale could be worsened if there is the expected growth in demand for mobile acronyms, IP-TLAs, and TLA-on-demand. According to the definition provided in Section 2, there are 36**3 - 10**3 = 45656 TLAs in total. This number will so easily be depleted that we must institute some policy for conservation.
此外，应该指出的是，我们正在迅速接近世界首字母缩略词枯竭（WAD）。据估计，按照目前的TLA分配率，我们将在今年9月底用完。如果移动首字母缩略词、IP TLA和TLA随需应变的需求出现预期增长，这一时间尺度可能会恶化。根据第2节提供的定义，共有36**3-10**3=45656个TLA。这个数字很容易被耗尽，我们必须制定一些保护政策。
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA, helpfully, a four-letter acronym - although note that a four-letter acronym is an FLA and hence is, in its own way, a TLA) maintains registries of names and numbers for use within the Internet in order to avoid duplicate allocation of one of those names or numbers and the consequent confusion and failed interoperability that would arise. It is, therefore, wholly appropriate that the IANA should manage the assignment and use of TLAs within the Internet.
互联网分配号码管理局（IANA，一个四个字母的首字母缩略词，很有帮助，但请注意，四个字母的首字母缩略词是FLA，因此以其自身的方式是TLA）维护名称和编号的登记册，以便在互联网内使用，以避免重复分配其中一个名称或编号，以及由此产生的混乱和互操作性失败。因此，IANA管理互联网上TLA的分配和使用是完全合适的。
This document specifies a Badly Construed Proposal for the management of a registry of TLAs within the IETF, and the procedures for the allocation of new TLAs from the registry.
本文件规定了IETF内TLA注册管理的错误解释提案，以及从注册处分配新TLA的程序。
It is worth observing that the RFC Editor currently maintains a list of common terms, abbreviations, and acronyms. While this list is highly useful for the construction of documents, it does not provide unambiguous interpretation of acronyms.
值得注意的是，RFC编辑器目前维护一个通用术语、缩写和首字母缩略词列表。虽然此列表对于文档的构建非常有用，但它并没有提供首字母缩写词的明确解释。
Acronym - a word made up of the initial letters of the words in a phrase.
首字母缩略词-由短语中单词的首字母组成的单词。
For example, IETF is an acronym formed from the first letters of the phrase International Essential Tremor Foundation [URL-IETF].
例如，IETF是由国际特发性震颤基金会[URL IETF]的第一个字母组成的首字母缩写。
Three Letter Acronym (TLA) - an acronym comprising exactly three letters.
三字母首字母缩略词（TLA）-由三个字母组成的首字母缩略词。
For example, RFC is a TLA formed of the first letters of the phrase Rugby Football Club [URL-CARDIFF].
例如，RFC是由短语Rugby Football Club[URL-CARDIFF]的首字母组成的TLA。
For our usage, we also allow digits within a TLA. Thus, P2P is an acronym meaning Purchase to Pay [URL-P2P]. The digits 2 and 4 are specially used by clever people who have noticed that, when spoken, they sound like the words 'to' and 'for'. Whether this is helpful may be left as an exercise for the user considering the brief conversation, below.
对于我们的使用，我们还允许TLA中的数字。因此，P2P是一个首字母缩略词，意思是“购买即支付”[URL-P2P]。数字2和4是聪明人特别使用的，他们注意到，当他们说话时，听起来像“to”和“for”。考虑到下面的简短对话，这是否有用可以留给用户作为练习。
A - Do you use the Internet Streams Protocol? B - Yes. Do you use ST, too? A - No, I use ST2. B - That's interesting. C uses ST2, too. A - I have a car horn application called Toot-toot. B - Really? Do you use ST2 to Toot-toot, too?
你使用互联网流协议吗？B-是的。你也用ST吗？不，我用ST2。B-那很有趣。C也使用ST2。我有一个叫嘟嘟的汽车喇叭应用程序。真的吗？你也用ST2来嘟嘟嘟嘟的吗？
Note, however, that an acronym made up entirely of digits might be frowned upon.
然而，请注意，完全由数字组成的首字母缩略词可能会受到反对。
Lastly, we must consider case-sensitivity. Although acronyms often include upper or lowercase letters, no assumptions should be made about the interpretation of the acronym based on the case of its letters, so that both QOS and QoS clearly refer to the Queen of the South football club [URL-QOS] and [URL-QoS].
最后，我们必须考虑病例敏感性。尽管首字母缩略词通常包括大写或小写字母，但不应根据字母大小写对首字母缩略词的解释做出任何假设，因此QOS和QOS都明确表示南方足球俱乐部女王[URL-QOS]和[URL QOS]。
Acronyms are often articulated as words in spoken text. This can be helpful in generating a cosy feel or a marketing buzz around a concept that offers a less-favorable reality. For example, Claws and Teeth (CAT) can be pronounced "cat" making it seem quite cuddly.
在口语文本中，首字母缩略词通常以单词的形式表达。这有助于产生一种舒适的感觉，或围绕一个提供不太有利的现实的概念进行营销。例如，爪子和牙齿（猫）可以发音为“猫”，使它看起来很可爱。
Other acronyms are always spelled out in order to avoid accidental misinterpretation or litigation. For example, do not refer to your neighbor's Daughter or Granddaughter as anything other than their D-O-G.
为了避免意外的误解或诉讼，其他首字母缩略词总是被拼写出来。例如，不要将邻居的女儿或孙女称为他们的D-O-G以外的任何东西。
But care should be taken with vocalization, as well. It will be noted that some letters have more syllables than the words they are used to represent. In these cases, acronyms are to be avoided. Thus, the world wide web must never be assigned the acronym WWW.
但是也应该注意发声。值得注意的是，有些字母的音节比它们所代表的单词多。在这些情况下，应避免使用首字母缩略词。因此，万维网决不能被赋予缩写词WWW。
Finally, a word of caution about attempting to pronounce acronyms as words. This can lead to serious injury for the inexperienced unless they happen to be native speakers of Czech. Do not try to say XML in front of your mother-in-law, and don't attempt to talk about Open Office dot Org in polite company.
最后，提醒大家注意，不要试图将首字母缩略词发音为单词。这可能会对没有经验的人造成严重伤害，除非他们碰巧是以捷克语为母语的人。不要试图在婆婆面前说XML，也不要试图在有礼貌的公司里谈论开放式办公网络组织。
It should be obvious to most RFC readers (MRRs) that TLAs are already widely used in Internet specifications. This work is not intended to unnecessarily invalidate existing RFCs, although where such invalidation is necessary or desirable, this work can be used for that purpose.
对于大多数RFC阅读器（MRR）来说，TLA已经广泛应用于互联网规范中，这一点应该是显而易见的。本工作并非旨在不必要地使现有RFC失效，尽管在必要或可取的情况下，本工作可用于该目的。
In order to support existing documents, IANA is required to search all existing RFCs for every existing acronym usage (EAU), but may filter that search to exclude non-TLAs.
为了支持现有文档，IANA需要搜索所有现有RFC中的每个现有首字母缩略词用法（EAU），但可能会过滤该搜索以排除非TLA。
It will be noted that, as a result of that search, many duplicate meanings will be discovered. For example, "OAM" will be found in a large number of RFCs, yet its meaning may be as diverse as "on a mission", "order of Australia medal", and "orbital angular momentum".
应注意，作为该搜索的结果，将发现许多重复的含义。例如，“OAM”将出现在大量的RFC中，但其含义可能不同，如“执行任务”、“澳大利亚勋章”和“轨道角动量”。
This contention is best resolved by the judgement of Solomon -- each acronym usage will be allocated its share of the letters currently in use. If there are three uses of an acronym, they will get one letter each; two existing uses would get one-and-a-half letters each; etc.
所罗门的判断最能解决这一争议——每个首字母缩略词的使用都将分配其当前使用的字母份额。如果首字母缩略词有三种用法，它们将分别得到一个字母；两个现有的用途将分别得到一个半字母；等
The Internet TLA Registry (ITR) should track the following information:
Internet TLA注册表（ITR）应跟踪以下信息：
- TLA - Unique interpretation - Defining RFC
- TLA-唯一解释-定义RFC
Certain key values are reserved. That is, they are allocated in the registry by this document and may not be used for any other purpose.
某些键值是保留的。也就是说，它们由本文件在注册表中分配，不得用于任何其他目的。
Acronym Expansion Reference
--------+-------------------------------------+-----------
TLA Two Letter Acronym [RFC5513]
TBD Two Be Deleted [RFC5513]
RFC Ready for Compost [RFC5513]
PoS Not particularly good [RFC5513]
VPN Very possibly no use [RFC5513]
TCP Totally bad proposal [RFC5513]
USA Universal Source of Acronyms [RFC5513]
NBG This document [RFC5513]
BCP Badly construed proposal [RFC5513]
Acronym Expansion Reference
--------+-------------------------------------+-----------
TLA Two Letter Acronym [RFC5513]
TBD Two Be Deleted [RFC5513]
RFC Ready for Compost [RFC5513]
PoS Not particularly good [RFC5513]
VPN Very possibly no use [RFC5513]
TCP Totally bad proposal [RFC5513]
USA Universal Source of Acronyms [RFC5513]
NBG This document [RFC5513]
BCP Badly construed proposal [RFC5513]
IANA shall apply the following allocation policies according to [RFC5226].
IANA应根据[RFC5226]采用以下分配政策。
Experimental Use All TLAs of the form XX* where * is any letter or digit.
实验使用XX*形式的所有TLA，其中*是任何字母或数字。
First Come First Served All TLAs of the form X**, Y**, or Z** where * is any letter or digit. Excepted from this are the TLAs of the form XX* as above.
先到先得，格式为X**、Y**或Z**的所有TLA，其中*为任何字母或数字。除此之外，上述XX*格式的TLA除外。
IETF Review All other TLAs.
IETF审查所有其他TLA。
Many security algorithms are identified by TLAs. It is a clear requirement that someone implementing, for example, MD5 should be understood to have encoded the well-known Maybe-Decrypted-Deciphered-Decoded-Disambiguated-and-Degraded algorithm, and not any other security algorithm with the same acronym.
许多安全算法由TLA识别。这是一个明确的要求，例如，实现MD5的人应该被理解为已经编码了众所周知的可能解密、解码、消歧和降级算法，而不是具有相同首字母缩略词的任何其他安全算法。
I would like to thank the MPLS-TP design team for holding seemingly endless meetings during which the need for this document became apparent.
我要感谢MPLS-TP设计团队召开了看似没完没了的会议，会议期间对本文件的需求变得显而易见。
Thanks to Daniel King for noticing that this document is a BCP.
感谢Daniel King注意到本文档是BCP。
[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008.
[RFC5226]Narten，T.和H.Alvestrand，“在RFCs中编写IANA注意事项部分的指南”，BCP 26，RFC 5226，2008年5月。
[RFC0793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC 793, September 1981.
[RFC0793]Postel，J.，“传输控制协议”，标准7，RFC 793，1981年9月。
[RFC1819] Delgrossi, L., Ed., and L. Berger, Ed., "Internet Stream Protocol Version 2 (ST2) Protocol Specification - Version ST2+", RFC 1819, August 1995.
[RFC1819]Delgrossi，L.，Ed.，和L.Berger，Ed.，“互联网流协议版本2（ST2）协议规范-版本ST2+”，RFC 18191995年8月。
[URL-IETF] International Essential Tremor Foundation,
http://www.essentialtremor.org/
[URL-IETF] International Essential Tremor Foundation,
http://www.essentialtremor.org/
[URL-CARDIFF] Cardiff Rugby Football Club, http://www.cardiffrfc.com/
[URL-CARDIFF] Cardiff Rugby Football Club, http://www.cardiffrfc.com/
[URL-P2P] eProcumentStotl@nd,
http://www.eprocurementscotland.com/Home/ePS-
Service/P2P
[URL-P2P] eProcumentStotl@nd,
http://www.eprocurementscotland.com/Home/ePS-
Service/P2P
[URL-QOS] Queen of the South Football Club, http://www.qosfc.com/
[URL-QOS] Queen of the South Football Club, http://www.qosfc.com/
[URL-QoS] Queen of the South Football Club,
ahttp://www.qosfc.com/
[URL-QoS] Queen of the South Football Club,
ahttp://www.qosfc.com/
Author's Address
作者地址
Adrian Farrel Old Dog Consulting EMail: adrian@olddog.co.uk
Adrian Farrel老狗咨询电子邮件：adrian@olddog.co.uk