Network Working Group J. Kunze
Request for Comments: 5013 University of California
Obsoletes: 2413 T. Baker
Category: Informational Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
August 2007
Network Working Group J. Kunze
Request for Comments: 5013 University of California
Obsoletes: 2413 T. Baker
Category: Informational Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
August 2007
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
都柏林核心元数据元素集
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Abstract
摘要
This document defines fifteen metadata elements for resource description in a cross-disciplinary information environment.
本文档为跨学科信息环境中的资源描述定义了15个元数据元素。
The Dublin Core Metadata Workshop Series began in 1995 with an invitational workshop that brought together librarians, digital library researchers, content experts, and text-markup experts to promote better discovery standards for electronic resources. The resulting metadata element set defines fifteen metadata elements for resource description in a cross-disciplinary information environment.
都柏林核心元数据研讨会系列始于1995年，邀请了图书馆员、数字图书馆研究人员、内容专家和文本标记专家，以促进更好的电子资源发现标准。生成的元数据元素集定义了15个元数据元素，用于跨学科信息环境中的资源描述。
This document contains the current text of Dublin Core "Version 1.1". Version 1.1 is the basis of ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2001 [Z39.85]. The text in the present RFC closely follows the text in the 2007 revision of ANSI/NISO Z39.85, especially Sections 2-6 and 10-12 [Z39.85-2007]. The present RFC obsoletes RFC 2413 [RFC2413], which was the first published version of the Dublin Core ("Version 1.0"). The main differences between the present RFC and RFC 2413 are in the wording of definitions -- for Contributor and Date (semantically broadened), for Relation (clarified), and in the general removing of redundant references to "the content of" a resource. In addition, the present RFC recommends lowercase element names (consistent with RDF property types), remains silent about the unrestrictedness of element ordering and repeatability (application profiles being the proper place to discuss such topics), and references the current abstract model, vocabularies, and namespace policies in which the Dublin Core is embedded.
本文件包含都柏林核心“1.1版”的当前文本。版本1.1是ANSI/NISO Z39.85-2001[Z39.85]的基础。本RFC中的文本严格遵循ANSI/NISO Z39.85 2007年修订版中的文本，尤其是第2-6节和第10-12节[Z39.85-2007]。目前的RFC淘汰了RFC 2413[RFC2413]，这是都柏林核心的第一个发布版本（“版本1.0”）。目前的RFC和RFC 2413之间的主要区别在于定义的措辞——对于贡献者和日期（语义扩展），对于关系（澄清），以及在一般情况下删除对资源“内容”的冗余引用。此外，目前的RFC建议使用小写元素名称（与RDF属性类型一致），对元素顺序和可重复性的无限制性保持沉默（应用程序配置文件是讨论此类主题的合适场所），并参考当前的抽象模型、词汇表、，以及嵌入都柏林核心的命名空间策略。
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a vocabulary of fifteen properties for use in resource description. The name "Dublin" is due to its origin at a 1995 invitational workshop in Dublin, Ohio; "core" because its elements are broad and generic, usable for describing a wide range of resources.
都柏林核心元数据元素集是一个包含15个属性的词汇表，用于资源描述。“都柏林”这个名字是因为它起源于1995年俄亥俄州都柏林的一个邀请研讨会；“核心”，因为它的元素广泛而通用，可用于描述广泛的资源。
The fifteen element "Dublin Core" described in this document is part of a larger set of metadata vocabularies and technical specifications maintained by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI). The full set of vocabularies, DCMI Metadata Terms [DCTERMS], also includes a set of resource classes, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCTYPE]. The terms in DCMI vocabularies are intended to be used in combination with terms from other compatible vocabularies in the context of application profiles and on the basis of the DCMI Abstract Model [DCAM].
本文档中描述的15个元素“都柏林核心”是都柏林核心元数据倡议（DCMI）维护的一组更大的元数据词汇表和技术规范的一部分。完整的词汇集DCMI元数据术语[DCTERMS]，还包括一组资源类DCMI类型词汇[DCTYPE]。DCMI词汇表中的术语旨在与其他兼容词汇表中的术语在应用程序配置文件的上下文中结合使用，并基于DCMI抽象模型[DCAM]。
All changes made to terms of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set since 2001 have been reviewed by a DCMI Usage Board in the context of a DCMI Namespace Policy [DCNMSPC]. The namespace policy describes how DCMI terms are assigned Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) and sets limits on the range of editorial changes that may allowably be made to the labels, definitions, and usage comments associated with existing DCMI terms.
DCMI使用委员会在DCMI命名空间策略[DCNMSPC]的上下文中审查了自2001年以来对都柏林核心元数据元素集条款所做的所有更改。命名空间策略描述了如何为DCMI术语分配统一资源标识符（URI），并对与现有DCMI术语相关联的标签、定义和使用注释的编辑更改范围设置了限制。
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is a standard for cross-domain resource description. As in RFC 3986 [RFC3986], "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", this specification does not limit the scope of what might be a resource.
都柏林核心元数据元素集是跨域资源描述的标准。与RFC 3986[RFC3986]“统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法”一样，本规范不限制资源的范围。
The elements described in this document are typically used in the context of an application profile which constrains or specifies their use in accordance with local or community-based requirements and policies. The specification of such implementation detail is outside the scope of this document.
本文档中描述的元素通常在应用程序概要的上下文中使用，该应用程序概要根据本地或基于社区的需求和策略限制或指定其使用。此类实施细节的规范不在本文件范围内。
DCMI -- the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, maintenance agency for Dublin Core Metadata Element Set.
DCMI——都柏林核心元数据计划，都柏林核心元数据元素集维护机构。
Resource -- anything that might be identified (the same definition as in RFC 3986 and in the DCMI Abstract Model).
资源——可以识别的任何东西（与RFC3986和DCMI抽象模型中的定义相同）。
Lifecycle of a resource -- a sequence of events that mark the development and use of a resource. Some examples of events in a lifecycle are: conception of an invention, creation of a draft, revision of an article, publication of a book, acquisition by a library, transcription to magnetic disk, migration to optical storage, translation into English, and derivation of a new work (e.g., a movie).
资源的生命周期——标记资源开发和使用的一系列事件。生命周期中的一些事件示例包括：发明构思、草稿创建、文章修订、书籍出版、图书馆获取、转录到磁盘、迁移到光盘存储、翻译成英语以及新作品（如电影）的衍生。
In the element descriptions below, each element has a descriptive label ("label") for human consumption and a unique token ("name") for use in machine processing.
在下面的元素描述中，每个元素都有用于人类消费的描述性标签（“标签”）和用于机器处理的唯一标记（“名称”）。
In accordance with the DCMI Namespace Policy [DCNMSPC], the "name" of an element is appended to a DCMI namespace URI to construct a Uniform Resource Identifier as a globally unique identifier for that element. The use of element names and URIs in the context of different implementation technologies is explained in DCMI Encoding Guidelines [DCENCOD].
根据DCMI名称空间策略[DCNMSPC]，元素的“名称”被附加到DCMI名称空间URI，以构造统一的资源标识符作为该元素的全局唯一标识符。DCMI编码指南[DCENCOD]解释了在不同实现技术的上下文中使用元素名和URI。
Element Name: title
元素名称：title
Label: Title Definition: A name given to the resource.
标签：标题定义：资源的名称。
Element Name: creator
元素名称：创建者
Label: Creator Definition: An entity primarily responsible for making the resource. Comment: Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
标签：创建者定义：主要负责创建资源的实体。注释：创建者的示例包括个人、组织或服务。通常，应使用创建者的名称来表示实体。
Element Name: subject
元素名称：主题
Label: Subject Definition: The topic of the resource. Comment: Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. To describe the spatial or temporal topic of the resource, use the Coverage element.
标签：主题定义：资源的主题。注释：通常，主题将使用关键字、关键短语或分类代码表示。推荐的最佳实践是使用受控词汇表。要描述资源的空间或时间主题，请使用Coverage元素。
Element Name: description
元素名称：description
Label: Description Definition: An account of the resource. Comment: Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
标签：描述定义：资源的帐户。注释：描述可能包括但不限于：资源的摘要、目录、图形表示或自由文本说明。
Element Name: publisher
元素名称：publisher
Label: Publisher Definition: An entity responsible for making the resource available. Comment: Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
标签：发布者定义：负责使资源可用的实体。注释：发布者的示例包括个人、组织或服务。通常，应使用发布者的名称来指示实体。
Element Name: contributor
元素名称：contributor
Label: Contributor Definition: An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource. Comment: Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
标签：贡献者定义：负责对资源作出贡献的实体。注释：贡献者的示例包括个人、组织或服务。通常，应该使用参与者的名称来表示实体。
Element Name: date
元素名称：日期
Label: Date Definition: A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource. Comment: Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].
标签：日期定义：资源生命周期中与事件关联的时间点或时间段。注释：日期可用于表示任何粒度级别的时间信息。推荐的最佳实践是使用编码方案，如ISO 8601[W3CDTF]的W3CDTF配置文件。
Element Name: type
元素名称：type
Label: Type Definition: The nature or genre of the resource. Comment: Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCTYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
标签：类型定义：资源的性质或类型。注释：推荐的最佳实践是使用受控词汇表，如DCMI类型词汇表[DCTYPE]。要描述文件格式、物理介质或资源的维度，请使用format元素。
Element Name: format
元素名称：格式
Label: Format Definition: The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource. Comment: Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
标签：格式定义：资源的文件格式、物理介质或维度。注释：维度的示例包括大小和持续时间。推荐的最佳实践是使用受控词汇表，如Internet媒体类型列表[MIME]。
Element Name: identifier
元素名称：标识符
Label: Identifier Definition: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Comment: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
标签：标识符定义：在给定上下文中对资源的明确引用。注释：建议的最佳实践是通过符合正式识别系统的字符串来识别资源。
Element Name: source
元素名称：源
Label: Source Definition: A related resource from which the described resource is derived. Comment: The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
标签：源定义：从中派生所述资源的相关资源。注释：所描述的资源可能全部或部分来自相关资源。推荐的最佳实践是通过符合正式识别系统的字符串来识别相关资源。
Element Name: language
元素名称：语言
Label: Language Definition: A language of the resource. Comment: Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
标签：语言定义：资源的语言。注释：推荐的最佳实践是使用受控词汇表，如RFC44646[RFC4646]。
Element Name: relation
元素名称：关系
Label: Relation Definition: A related resource. Comment: Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
标签：关系定义：相关资源。注释：建议的最佳实践是通过符合正式识别系统的字符串来识别相关资源。
Element Name: coverage
元素名称：覆盖率
Label: Coverage Definition: The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant. Comment: Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
标签：覆盖范围定义：资源的空间或时间主题、资源的空间适用性或资源相关的管辖权。注释：空间主题和空间适用性可能是一个命名的地方或由其地理坐标指定的位置。时态主题可以是命名的时段、日期或日期范围。管辖区可以是指定的行政实体或资源适用的地理位置。推荐的最佳实践是使用受控词汇表，如地名词典[TGN]。在适当的情况下，可以优先使用命名的地点或时间段，而不是数字标识符，例如坐标集或日期范围。
Element Name: rights
元素名称：权限
Label: Rights Definition: Information about rights held in and over the resource. Comment: Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
标签：权限定义：有关资源中和资源上所拥有权限的信息。注释：通常，权限信息包括与资源相关的各种产权的声明，包括知识产权。
The Dublin Core element set poses no risk to computers and networks. It poses minimal risk to searchers who obtain incorrect or private information due to careless mapping from rich data descriptions to the Dublin Core elements. No other security concerns are likely.
都柏林核心元素集不会对计算机和网络构成风险。由于不小心将丰富的数据描述映射到都柏林核心元素，搜索者获得错误或私人信息的风险最小。不太可能存在其他安全问题。
[DCAM] DCMI Abstract Model.
http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/
[DCAM] DCMI Abstract Model.
http://dublincore.org/documents/abstract-model/
[DCENCOD] DCMI Encoding Guidelines.
http://dublincore.org/resources/expressions/
[DCENCOD] DCMI Encoding Guidelines.
http://dublincore.org/resources/expressions/
[DCNMSPC] DCMI Namespace Policy.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/
[DCNMSPC] DCMI Namespace Policy.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-namespace/
[DCTERMS] DCMI Metadata Terms.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
[DCTERMS] DCMI Metadata Terms.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
[DCTYPE] DCMI Type Vocabulary.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
[DCTYPE] DCMI Type Vocabulary.
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-type-vocabulary/
[ISO3166] ISO 3166 - Codes for the representation of names of
countries. http://www.din.de/
[ISO3166] ISO 3166 - Codes for the representation of names of
countries. http://www.din.de/
[MIME] Internet Media Types.
http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
[MIME] Internet Media Types.
http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
[RDF] Resource Description Framework. http://www.w3.org/RDF/
[RDF] Resource Description Framework. http://www.w3.org/RDF/
[RFC2413] Weibel, S., Kunze, J., Lagoze, C., and M. Wolf, "Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery", RFC 2413, September 1998.
[RFC2413]Weibel，S.，Kunze，J.，Lagoze，C.，和M.Wolf，“用于资源发现的都柏林核心元数据”，RFC 2413，1998年9月。
[RFC2731] Kunze, J., "Encoding Dublin Core Metadata in HTML", RFC 2731, December 1999.
[RFC2731]Kunze，J.，“用HTML编码都柏林核心元数据”，RFC 27311999年12月。
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3986]Berners Lee，T.，Fielding，R.，和L.Masinter，“统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法”，STD 66，RFC 3986，2005年1月。
[RFC4646] Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Tags for Identifying Languages", BCP 47, RFC 4646, September 2006.
[RFC4646]Phillips，A.和M.Davis，“识别语言的标记”，BCP 47，RFC 46462006年9月。
[TGN] Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/
tgn/index.html
[TGN] Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/
tgn/index.html
[W3CDTF] Date and Time Formats, W3C Note.
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
[W3CDTF] Date and Time Formats, W3C Note.
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
[Z39.85] ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.85-2001 - The Dublin Core
Metadata Element Set.
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-85.pdf
[Z39.85] ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.85-2001 - The Dublin Core
Metadata Element Set.
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-85.pdf
[Z39.85-2007] ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.85-2007 - The Dublin Core
Metadata Element Set.
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-85-2007.pdf
[Z39.85-2007] ANSI/NISO Standard Z39.85-2007 - The Dublin Core
Metadata Element Set.
http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39-85-2007.pdf
Appendix A: Further Reading
附录A：进一步阅读
(This appendix is not part of the Z39.85 standard. It is included for information only.)
（本附录不是Z39.85标准的一部分，仅供参考。）
Further information about the Dublin Core metadata element set is available at the URL,
有关都柏林核心元数据元素集的更多信息，请访问URL，
http://dublincore.org/
http://dublincore.org/
This Web site contains information about workshops, reports, working group papers, projects, and new developments concerning the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI).
本网站包含有关都柏林核心元数据倡议（DCMI）的研讨会、报告、工作组文件、项目和新发展的信息。
Appendix B: Maintenance Agency
附录B：维修机构
(This appendix is not part of the Z39.85 standard. It is included for information only.)
（本附录不是Z39.85标准的一部分，仅供参考。）
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is responsible for the development, standardization, and promotion of the Dublin Core metadata element set. Information on DCMI is available at the URL,
都柏林核心元数据计划（DCMI）负责都柏林核心元数据元素集的开发、标准化和推广。有关DCMI的信息，请访问URL，
http://dublincore.org/
http://dublincore.org/
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
John A. Kunze California Digital Library University of California, Office of the President 415 20th St, 4th Floor Oakland, CA 94612-3550, USA
约翰·A·昆泽加利福尼亚数字图书馆加利福尼亚大学，总统办公室415第二十街，奥克兰第四楼，美国946123550
Fax: +1 510-893-5212
EMail: jak@ucop.edu
Fax: +1 510-893-5212
EMail: jak@ucop.edu
Thomas Baker Director, Specifications and Documentation Dublin Core Metadata Initiative c/o OCLC Research Dublin, OH 43017, USA
Thomas Baker美国俄亥俄州都柏林OCLC研究中心都柏林核心元数据倡议规范和文档主管，邮编43017
EMail: tbaker@tbaker.de
EMail: tbaker@tbaker.de
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完整版权声明
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知识产权
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