Network Working Group T. Kalin
Request for Comments: 4926 M. Molina
Category: Informational DANTE
July 2007
Network Working Group T. Kalin
Request for Comments: 4926 M. Molina
Category: Informational DANTE
July 2007
A URN Namespace for GEANT
GEANT的URN命名空间
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
版权所有（C）IETF信托基金（2007年）。
Abstract
摘要
This document describes a proposed URN (Uniform Resource Name) namespace that would be managed by DANTE, representing European Research and academic networks, for naming persistent resources defined by GEANT, the Consortium of European Academic and Research Networks, its projects, activities, working groups, and other designated subordinates.
本文档描述了一个提议的URN（统一资源名称）名称空间，该名称空间将由DANTE管理，代表欧洲研究和学术网络，用于命名GEANT、欧洲学术和研究网络联盟、其项目、活动、工作组和其他指定下属定义的持久资源。
The Consortium of European Academic and Research Networks (GEANT) provides high-speed, high-quality network connectivity for education institutions, universities, and research centres in Europe. The network infrastructure is composed of several National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) and their European-wide interconnection, GEANT. The current network is GEANT2 [6], and is the seventh generation of pan-European research and education network, successor to the pan-European multi-gigabit research network GEANT. DANTE [7] is a UK-based organization representing the members of the Consortium and operating the GEANT2 Network. This cooperative work is mainly done in the framework of EU-funded projects. The biggest of such activities is currently the GN2 project [6], started in September 2004, that follows other successful ones that have evolved the European Networks for Research and Education for almost two decades. It is expected that these activities and the network evolution will continue to be supported by the European Union and all European governments in the years to come, as they view the existence of a state-of-the-art network for research in Europe as being of top strategic importance. We will refer to the organization involved in these projects and those that benefit from their outcome as the "GEANT community".
欧洲学术和研究网络联盟（GEANT）为欧洲的教育机构、大学和研究中心提供高速、高质量的网络连接。网络基础设施由几个国家研究和教育网络（NREN）及其欧洲范围的互连GEANT组成。目前的网络是GEANT2[6]，是泛欧研究和教育网络的第七代，是泛欧千兆研究网络GEANT的继承者。DANTE[7]是一家总部位于英国的组织，代表财团成员并运营GEANT2网络。这项合作工作主要是在欧盟资助的项目框架内进行的。目前此类活动中规模最大的是GN2项目[6]，该项目始于2004年9月，是继其他成功的项目之后的又一个项目，这些项目发展了近二十年的欧洲研究和教育网络。预计这些活动和网络的发展将在未来几年继续得到欧盟和所有欧洲政府的支持，因为他们认为在欧洲建立一个最先进的研究网络具有最高的战略重要性。我们将参与这些项目的组织以及从其成果中受益的组织称为“GEANT社区”。
The GEANT community produces many kinds of documents: specifications, working drafts, project reports, schemas, stylesheets, etc. The community wishes to provide global, distributed, persistent, location-independent names for these resources. The Uniform Resource Name (URN) variant of URIs meets these requirements.
GEANT社区生成多种文档：规范、工作草案、项目报告、模式、样式表等。社区希望为这些资源提供全局、分布式、持久、位置独立的名称。URI的统一资源名（URN）变体满足这些要求。
The GEANT community and other GEANT-affiliated groups would benefit from the GEANT URN proposal by having an easy, efficient way to assign globally unique, persistent identifiers to resources that they create. The nature of GEANT work is that it serves the needs of many communities of interest. A namespace managed so as to facilitate the creation, registration, and resolution of unique, persistent identifiers would be of great value for GEANT, its affiliates, and the higher education community generally. The possibility of fitting the naming needs under existing namespaces has been considered, but the conclusion was that the number of activities and the size of the developers community is such that creating a lot of (possibly uncoordinated) dependencies from other namespaces is undesirable.
GEANT社区和其他GEANT附属团体将受益于GEANT URN提案，通过一种简单、高效的方式为其创建的资源分配全局唯一、持久的标识符。GEANT工作的本质是服务于许多感兴趣社区的需要。对名称空间进行管理，以便于创建、注册和解析唯一的持久标识符，这对GEANT、其附属公司和高等教育界都有很大的价值。已经考虑了在现有名称空间下满足命名需求的可能性，但结论是，活动的数量和开发人员社区的规模使得从其他名称空间创建大量（可能不协调的）依赖关系是不可取的。
The proposed URN namespace specification is for a formal namespace.
建议的URN名称空间规范适用于正式名称空间。
Namespace ID:
命名空间ID:
geant
geant
Registration Information:
注册资料：
Registration Version Number 1
注册版本号1
Registration Date: 2006-03-21
注册日期：2006-03-21
Registrant of the namespace:
名称空间的注册人：
DANTE ATTN: Maurizio Molina City House 126 - 130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ United Kingdom Phone: +44 1223 371340
DANTE ATTN:Maurizio Molina City House 126-130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ英国电话：+44 1223 371340
Contact: Tomaz Kalin Affiliation: DANTE City House 126 - 130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ
联系人：托马兹·卡林附属机构：剑桥希尔斯路126-130号但丁市政府大楼CB2 1PQ
Email: tomaz.kalin@dante.org.uk
Phone: +386 1 430 3055
Email: tomaz.kalin@dante.org.uk
Phone: +386 1 430 3055
Syntactic structure:
句法结构：
The Namespace Specific Strings (NSS) of all URNs assigned by GEANT will conform to the syntax defined in section 2.2 of RFC 2141, "URN Syntax" [2]. In addition, all GEANT URN NSSs will consist of a left-to-right series of tokens delimited by colons. The left-to-right sequence of colon-delimited tokens corresponds to descending nodes in a tree. To the right of the lowest naming authority node, there may be zero, one, or more levels of hierarchical naming nodes terminating in a rightmost leaf node. See the section below entitled "Identifier assignment" for more on the semantics of NSSs. This syntax convention is captured in the following normative ABNF rules for GEANT NSSs (see RFC 4234 [1]):
GEANT分配的所有URN的命名空间特定字符串（NSS）将符合RFC 2141第2.2节“URN语法”[2]中定义的语法。此外，所有GEANT URN NSS都将由一系列由左至右用冒号分隔的令牌组成。从左到右的冒号分隔标记序列对应于树中的降序节点。在最低命名机构节点的右侧，可能有零级、一级或多级分层命名节点终止于最右侧的叶节点。有关NSS语义的更多信息，请参见下面标题为“标识符分配”的部分。GEANT NSS的以下规范性ABNF规则（见RFC 4234[1]）中包含了该语法约定：
GEANT-NSS = 1*(subStChar) 0*(":" 1*(subStChar))
GEANT-NSS = 1*(subStChar) 0*(":" 1*(subStChar))
subStChar = trans / "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
subschar=trans/“%”HEXDIG HEXDIG
trans = ALPHA / DIGIT / other / reserved
trans = ALPHA / DIGIT / other / reserved
other = "(" / ")" / "+" / "," / "-" / "." /
"=" / "@" / ";" / "$" /
"_" / "!" / "*" / "'"
other = "(" / ")" / "+" / "," / "-" / "." /
"=" / "@" / ";" / "$" /
"_" / "!" / "*" / "'"
reserved = "%" / "/" / "?" / "#"
reserved = "%" / "/" / "?" / "#"
The exclusion of the colon from the list of "other" characters means that the colon can only occur as a delimiter between string tokens. Note that this ABNF rule set guarantees that any valid GEANT NSS is also a valid RFC 2141 NSS.
从“其他”字符列表中排除冒号意味着冒号只能作为字符串标记之间的分隔符出现。请注意，此ABNF规则集保证任何有效的GEANT NSS也是有效的RFC 2141 NSS。
Relevant ancillary documentation:
相关辅助文件：
None.
没有一个
Identifier uniqueness:
标识符唯一性：
It is the responsibility of DANTE to guarantee uniqueness of the names of immediately subordinate naming authorities. Each lower-level naming authority in turn inherits the responsibility of guaranteeing uniqueness of names in their branch of the naming tree.
但丁有责任确保直接下属命名机构名称的唯一性。每个较低级别的命名机构依次继承了保证其命名树分支中名称唯一性的责任。
Identifier persistence:
标识符持久性：
DANTE bears ultimate responsibility for maintaining the usability of GEANT URNs over time. This responsibility may be delegated to subordinate naming authorities per the discussion in the section below on identifier assignment. That section provides a mechanism for the delegation to be revoked in the case a subordinate naming authority ceases to function.
随着时间的推移，但丁承担着维护GEANT骨灰盒可用性的最终责任。根据下文关于标识符分配一节中的讨论，可将此职责委托给下级命名机构。该部分提供了一种机制，在下级命名机构停止运行时，可以撤销授权。
Identifier assignment:
标识符分配：
DANTE will create an initial series of immediately subordinate naming authorities, and will define a process for adding to that list of authorities. Each top-level working group of GEANT will be invited to designate a naming authority and to suggest one or more candidate names.
DANTE将创建一系列直接下属的命名机构，并定义一个添加到该机构列表的过程。GEANT的每个顶级工作组将被邀请指定一个命名机构，并建议一个或多个候选名称。
Institutions and communities affiliated with GEANT may request, through their designated GEANT liaison, that they be granted GEANT-subordinate naming authority status. They may propose candidate names for that authority. One way for such entities to guarantee uniqueness of their proposed name is to base it on a DNS name. That is, if, e.g., the German National Research and Education Network wished to be designated a subordinate naming authority under GEANT, the institutional GEANT liaison could propose to DANTE to be delegated control over names beginning with "urn:geant:dfn.de". Institutions seeking affiliation with GEANT should send email to geant-submit@dante.org.uk, nominating an institutional liaison and providing contact information for that person.
与GEANT有关联的机构和社区可通过其指定的GEANT联络人请求授予GEANT下属命名机构地位。他们可以提出该机构的候选人名单。此类实体保证其提议名称唯一性的一种方法是基于DNS名称。也就是说，例如，如果德国国家研究和教育网络希望被指定为GEANT的下属命名机构，则GEANT机构联络人可以向DANTE提议授权控制以“urn:GEANT:dfn.de”开头的名称。寻求加入GEANT的机构应向GEANT发送电子邮件-submit@dante.org.uk，提名一名机构联络人，并为此人提供联系信息。
On at least an annual basis, DANTE will contact the liaisons or directors of each immediately subordinate naming authority. If there is no response, or if the respondent indicates that they wish to relinquish naming authority, the authority over that branch of the tree reverts to GEANT. This process will be enforced recursively by each naming authority on its subordinates. This process guarantees that responsibility for each branch of the tree will lapse for less than one year, at worst, before being reclaimed by a superior authority.
DANTE将至少每年联系各直属命名机构的联络人或董事。如果没有回应，或者如果回应者表示他们希望放弃命名权，则对该树枝的权限将恢复为GEANT。此过程将由其下属的每个命名机构递归执行。这一过程保证了每一棵树的责任在被上级当局收回之前，最坏的情况下，将在不到一年的时间内失效。
Lexical equivalence of two GEANT namespace specific strings (NSSs) is defined below as an exact, case-sensitive string match. DANTE will assign names of immediately subordinate naming authorities in lowercase only. This forestalls the registration of two GEANT-subordinate naming authorities whose names differ only in case.
下面将两个GEANT命名空间特定字符串（NSSs）的词汇等价性定义为精确的、区分大小写的字符串匹配。DANTE将仅以小写字母指定直接下属命名机构的名称。这阻止了两个GEANT下属命名机构的注册，它们的名称仅在大小写上有所不同。
Identifier resolution:
标识符解析：
DANTE will maintain an index of all GEANT and GEANT workgroup assigned URNs on its Web site, http://www.dante.net/urn-geant/urn-geant.html. That index will map URNs to resource identifiers, usually URLs. GEANT-affiliated naming authorities will specify how to resolve the URNs they assign if they are resolvable.
DANTE将在其网站上维护所有GEANT和GEANT工作组分配的URN的索引，http://www.dante.net/urn-geant/urn-geant.html. 该索引将URN映射到资源标识符，通常是URL。GEANT附属命名机构将指定如何解析其分配的骨灰盒（如果可以解析）。
Lexical equivalence:
词汇对等：
Lexical equivalence of two GEANT Namespace Specific Strings (NSSs) is defined as an exact, case-sensitive string match.
两个GEANT命名空间特定字符串（NSSs）的词汇等价性定义为精确的、区分大小写的字符串匹配。
Conformance with URN syntax:
符合URN语法：
All GEANT NSSs fully conform to RFC 2141 syntax rules for NSSs.
所有GEANT NSS完全符合NSS的RFC 2141语法规则。
Validation mechanism:
验证机制：
As specified in the "Identifier resolution" section above, DANTE will maintain an index of all GEANT and GEANT workgroup assigned URNs on its Web site, http://www.dante.net/urn-geant/urn-geant.html Presence in that index implies that a given URN is valid. GEANT-affiliated naming authorities will specify how to validate the URNs they assign.
如上文“标识符解析”部分所述，DANTE将在其网站上维护所有GEANT和GEANT工作组分配的URN的索引，http://www.dante.net/urn-geant/urn-geant.html 该索引中的存在意味着给定的URN是有效的。GEANT附属命名机构将指定如何验证其分配的URN。
Scope:
范围：
Global.
全球的
There are no additional security considerations beyond those normally associated with the use and resolution of URNs in general.
除了通常与骨灰盒的使用和解析相关的安全注意事项外，没有其他安全注意事项。
Registration of an Namespace Identifier (NID) specific to GEANT is reasonable given the following considerations:
考虑到以下因素，注册特定于GEANT的命名空间标识符（NID）是合理的：
1. GEANT would like to assign URNs to some very fine-grained objects. This does not seem to be the primary intended use of the XMLORG namespace (RFC 3120) [3], or the more tightly controlled OASIS namespace (RFC 3121) [4].
1. GEANT希望将URN分配给一些非常细粒度的对象。这似乎不是XMLORG名称空间（RFC3120）[3]或更严格控制的OASIS名称空间（RFC3121）[4]的主要预期用途。
2. GEANT seeks naming autonomy. GEANT is not a member of OASIS, so becoming a subordinate naming authority under the OASIS URN space is not an option.
2. GEANT寻求命名自主。GEANT不是OASIS的成员，因此成为OASIS URN空间下的下属命名机构不是一个选项。
3. GEANT will want to assign URNs to non-XML objects as well. That is another reason that XMLORG may not be an appropriate higher-level naming authority for GEANT.
3. GEANT还希望将URN分配给非XML对象。这是XMLORG可能不是GEANT的合适的更高级别命名机构的另一个原因。
Some GEANT-developed schema and namespaces may be good candidates for inclusion in the XMLORG or possible future "EU" registry. The fact that such an object might already have a GEANT-assigned URN shouldn't be a hindrance. RFC 3406 [5] (which replaced RFC 2611) includes an explicit statement that two or more URNs may point to the same resource. A resource with a GEANT-assigned Namespace Specific String would, of course, be given an XMLORG or EU Namespace Specific String as it enters the XMLORG or "EU" registry.
一些GEANT开发的模式和名称空间可能很适合包含在XMLORG或未来可能的“EU”注册表中。事实上，这样一个对象可能已经有一个GEANT分配的URN，这不应该是一个障碍。RFC 3406[5]（取代了RFC 2611）包含一条明确的语句，说明两个或多个URN可能指向同一资源。当然，具有GEANT指定的特定于命名空间的字符串的资源在进入XMLORG或“EU”注册表时将获得一个特定于XMLORG或EU命名空间的字符串。
The assignment and use of identifiers within the namespace are open, and the related rule is established by DANTE. Registration agencies (the next level naming authorities) will be the European National Research and Education Networks and the established organizational cross-border formations.
名称空间中标识符的分配和使用是开放的，相关规则由DANTE建立。注册机构（下一级命名机构）将是欧洲国家研究和教育网络以及已建立的跨境组织机构。
It is expected that the majority of the NRENs and all GEANT base activities make use of the GEANT namespace.
预计大多数NREN和所有GEANT基本活动都会使用GEANT名称空间。
After the establishment of the GEANT namespace, the consortium will, as soon as practical, establish a resolution service (analogously to other distributed pan-European services, like EduROAM, PerfSONAR, etc.) for the namespace clients.
GEANT名称空间建立后，联合体将尽快为名称空间客户端建立解析服务（类似于其他分布式泛欧服务，如EduROAM、PerfSONAR等）。
IANA has registered the "geant" NID within the IANA registry of URN NIDs.
IANA已在URN NID的IANA注册中心注册了“geant”NID。
[1] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.
[1] Crocker，D.和P.Overell，“语法规范的扩充BNF:ABNF”，RFC 42342005年10月。
[2] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
[2] 护城河，R.，“瓮语法”，RFC 21411997年5月。
[3] Best, K. and N. Walsh, "A URN Namespace for XML.org", RFC 3120, June 2001.
[3] Best，K.和N.Walsh，“XML.org的URN名称空间”，RFC31202001年6月。
[4] Best, K. and N. Walsh, "A URN Namespace for OASIS", RFC 3121, June 2001.
[4] 贝斯特，K.和N.沃尔什，“绿洲的瓮名称空间”，RFC31212001年6月。
[5] Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R., and P. Faltstrom, "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms", BCP 66, RFC 3406, October 2002.
[5] Daigle，L.，van Gulik，D.，Iannella，R.，和P.Faltstrom，“URN名称空间定义机制”，BCP 66，RFC 3406，2002年10月。
[6] GEANT2 project's Web site, <http://www.geant2.net/>.
[6] GEANT2项目的网站<http://www.geant2.net/>.
[7] DANTE's company Web site, <http://www.dante.net/>.
[7] 但丁公司网站<http://www.dante.net/>.
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
T. Kalin DANTE City House 126 - 130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ United Kingdom
T.Kalin DANTE City House 126-130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ英国
EMail: tomaz.kalin@dante.org.uk
EMail: tomaz.kalin@dante.org.uk
Maurizio Molina DANTE City House 126 - 130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ United Kingdom
Maurizio Molina DANTE City House 126-130 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 1PQ英国
EMail: maurizio.molina@dante.org.uk
EMail: maurizio.molina@dante.org.uk
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完整版权声明
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确认
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