Network Working Group Y. Lim
Request for Comments: 4337 net&tv Inc.
Category: Standards Track D. Singer
Apple Computer
March 2006
Network Working Group Y. Lim
Request for Comments: 4337 net&tv Inc.
Category: Standards Track D. Singer
Apple Computer
March 2006
MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4
MPEG-4的MIME类型注册
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本文件规定了互联网社区的互联网标准跟踪协议，并要求进行讨论和提出改进建议。有关本协议的标准化状态和状态，请参考当前版本的“互联网官方协议标准”（STD 1）。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2006年）。
Abstract
摘要
This document defines the standard MIME types associated with MP4 files. It also recommends use of registered MIME types according to the type of contents.
本文档定义了与MP4文件关联的标准MIME类型。它还建议根据内容的类型使用已注册的MIME类型。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Selection of MIME Types for MP4 Files ...........................3
3. IANA Considerations .............................................3
3.1. MP4 File ...................................................4
3.2. MP4 File with Audio but without Visual Presentation ........5
3.3. MP4 File with MPEG-4 System Stream and neither
Visual nor Audio Presentation ..............................6
3.4. Initial Object Descriptor (IOD) in Binary Format ...........7
3.5. Initial Object Descriptor (IOD) in Textual Format ..........8
4. Security Considerations .........................................9
5. Acknowledgements ................................................9
6. Normative References ............................................9
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Selection of MIME Types for MP4 Files ...........................3
3. IANA Considerations .............................................3
3.1. MP4 File ...................................................4
3.2. MP4 File with Audio but without Visual Presentation ........5
3.3. MP4 File with MPEG-4 System Stream and neither
Visual nor Audio Presentation ..............................6
3.4. Initial Object Descriptor (IOD) in Binary Format ...........7
3.5. Initial Object Descriptor (IOD) in Textual Format ..........8
4. Security Considerations .........................................9
5. Acknowledgements ................................................9
6. Normative References ............................................9
This document describes a standard definition of MIME types associated with MP4 files and the guidelines for using them.
本文档描述了与MP4文件关联的MIME类型的标准定义以及使用它们的指南。
MPEG-4 (ISO/IEC 14496) is a standard designed for the representation and delivery of multimedia information over a variety of transport protocols [1]. It includes interactive scene management and visual and audio representations, as well as system functionality like multiplexing, synchronization, and an object descriptor framework [2].
MPEG-4（ISO/IEC 14496）是一种标准，旨在通过各种传输协议表示和传送多媒体信息[1]。它包括交互式场景管理、视觉和音频表示，以及系统功能，如多路复用、同步和对象描述符框架[2]。
The historical approach for MPEG data has been to declare it under "video", and this approach is followed for ISO/IEC 14496. In addition, some MIME types are defined under "audio" and "application" for the streams not containing visual presentation.
MPEG数据的历史方法是在“视频”下声明它，ISO/IEC 14496遵循这种方法。此外，一些MIME类型是在“音频”和“应用程序”下为不包含可视表示的流定义的。
Amendment 1 of the ISO/IEC 14496 standard (also known as version 2) introduced a standard file type, called MP4 files, for encapsulating ISO/IEC 14496 data. This is now separately specified as the MP4 file format [4], which in turn is based on the ISO base media file format [3]. A separate specification [5] covers the storage of Advanced Video Coding (AVC) (also known as H.264) [6] material in files based on the ISO base media file format. The MP4 file type can be used in a number of ways; perhaps the most important of these is its use as an interchange format for ISO/IEC 14496 data, as a content-download format, and as the format read by streaming media servers.
ISO/IEC 14496标准的修订件1（也称为版本2）引入了一种标准文件类型，称为MP4文件，用于封装ISO/IEC 14496数据。现在将其单独指定为MP4文件格式[4]，而MP4文件格式又基于ISO基本媒体文件格式[3]。单独的规范[5]涵盖了高级视频编码（AVC）（也称为H.264）[6]材料在基于ISO基本媒体文件格式的文件中的存储。MP4文件类型可以以多种方式使用；其中最重要的可能是将其用作ISO/IEC 14496数据的交换格式、内容下载格式以及流媒体服务器读取的格式。
These first two uses will be greatly facilitated if there is a standard MIME type for serving these files (e.g., over HTTP).
如果有一个标准的MIME类型为这些文件提供服务（例如，通过HTTP），那么前两种使用将非常方便。
The ISO/IEC 14496 standard is broad, and therefore the type of data that may be in such a file can vary. In brief, simple compressed video and audio (using a number of different compression algorithms) can be included; interactive scene information; meta-data about the presentation; references to ISO/IEC 14496 media streams outside the file and so on. Different top-level MIME types are used to identify the type of the contents in the file.
ISO/IEC 14496标准涉及面很广，因此此类文件中的数据类型可能会有所不同。简而言之，可以包括简单的压缩视频和音频（使用许多不同的压缩算法）；交互场景信息；演示文稿的元数据；参考ISO/IEC 14496文件外的媒体流等。不同的顶级MIME类型用于标识文件中内容的类型。
The MIME types to be assigned to MP4 files are selected according to the contents. Basic guidelines for selecting MIME types are as follows:
将根据内容选择要分配给MP4文件的MIME类型。选择MIME类型的基本准则如下：
a) if the file contains neither visual nor audio presentations, but only, for example, MPEG-J or MPEG-7, use application/mp4;
a) 如果该文件既不包含视频演示文稿，也不包含音频演示文稿，但仅包含例如MPEG-J或MPEG-7，请使用application/mp4；
b) for all other files, including those that have MPEG-J, etc., in addition to video or audio streams, video/mp4 should be used; however:
b) 对于所有其他文件，包括具有MPEG-J等的文件，除了视频或音频流之外，还应使用视频/mp4；然而：
c) for files with audio but no visual aspect, including those that have MPEG-J, etc., in addition to audio streams, audio/mp4 may be used.
c) 对于具有音频但没有视觉方面的文件，包括具有MPEG-J等的文件，除了音频流之外，还可以使用音频/mp4。
In any case, these indicate files conforming to the "MP4" specification, ISO/IEC 14496-1:2000, systems file format.
在任何情况下，这些文件表示符合“MP4”规范、ISO/IEC 14496-1:2000系统文件格式的文件。
This section describes the MIME types and names to be used with various MPEG-4 contents. Sections from 4.1 to 4.5 register five new MIME types with the IANA.
本节介绍各种MPEG-4内容所使用的MIME类型和名称。从4.1到4.5节在IANA中注册了五种新的MIME类型。
MIME media type name: video
MIME媒体类型名称：视频
MIME subtype name: mp4
MIME子类型名称：mp4
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: base64 IS generally preferred; files are binary and should be transmitted without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit stripping, etc.
编码注意事项：base64通常是首选；文件为二进制文件，应在无CR/LF转换、7位剥离等情况下传输。
Security considerations: See section 5 of RFC 4337.
安全注意事项：见RFC 4337第5节。
Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating implementations exist within the ISO/IEC 14496 community, and that community has reference software for reading and writing the file format.
互操作性注意事项：ISO/IEC 14496社区中存在许多互操作实现，该社区有用于读取和写入文件格式的参考软件。
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001.
出版规范：ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001。
Applications: Multimedia
应用：多媒体
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): none
幻数：无
File extension(s): mp4 and mpg4 are both declared at <http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
文件扩展名：mp4和mpg4都在<http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): mpg4 is registered with Apple.
Macintosh文件类型代码：mpg4已在苹果公司注册。
Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com
联系人：David Singer，singer@apple.com
Intended usage: Common
预期用途：普通
Author/Change controller: David Singer, ISO/IEC 14496 file format chair
作者/变更控制者：David Singer，ISO/IEC 14496文件格式主席
MIME media type name: audio
MIME媒体类型名称：音频
MIME subtype name: mp4
MIME子类型名称：mp4
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: base64 IS generally preferred; files are binary and should be transmitted without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit stripping, etc.
编码注意事项：base64通常是首选；文件为二进制文件，应在无CR/LF转换、7位剥离等情况下传输。
Security considerations: See section 5 of RFC 4337.
安全注意事项：见RFC 4337第5节。
Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating implementations exist within the ISO/IEC 14496 community, and that community has reference software for reading and writing the file format.
互操作性注意事项：ISO/IEC 14496社区中存在许多互操作实现，该社区有用于读取和写入文件格式的参考软件。
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001.
出版规范：ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001。
Applications: Multimedia
应用：多媒体
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): none
幻数：无
File extension(s): mp4 and mpg4 are both declared at <http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
文件扩展名：mp4和mpg4都在<http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): mpg4 is registered with Apple.
Macintosh文件类型代码：mpg4已在苹果公司注册。
Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com
联系人：David Singer，singer@apple.com
Intended usage: Common
预期用途：普通
Author/Change controller: David Singer, ISO/IEC 14496 file format chair.
作者/变更负责人：David Singer，ISO/IEC 14496文件格式主席。
3.3. MP4 File with MPEG-4 System Stream and neither Visual nor Audio Presentation
3.3. 带有MPEG-4系统流的MP4文件，既不显示视频也不显示音频
MIME media type name:application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mp4
MIME子类型名称：mp4
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: base64 IS generally preferred; files are binary and should be transmitted without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit stripping, etc.
编码注意事项：base64通常是首选；文件为二进制文件，应在无CR/LF转换、7位剥离等情况下传输。
Security considerations: See section 5 of RFC 4337.
安全注意事项：见RFC 4337第5节。
Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating implementations exist within the ISO/IEC 14496 community, and that community has reference software for reading and writing the file format.
互操作性注意事项：ISO/IEC 14496社区中存在许多互操作实现，该社区有用于读取和写入文件格式的参考软件。
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001.
出版规范：ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001。
Applications: Multimedia
应用：多媒体
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): none
幻数：无
File extension(s): mp4 and mpg4 are both declared at <http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
文件扩展名：mp4和mpg4都在<http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): mpg4 is registered with Apple.
Macintosh文件类型代码：mpg4已在苹果公司注册。
Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com
联系人：David Singer，singer@apple.com
Intended usage: Common
预期用途：普通
Author/Change controller: David Singer, ISO/IEC 14496 file format chair
作者/变更控制者：David Singer，ISO/IEC 14496文件格式主席
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mpeg4-iod
MIME子类型名称：mpeg4 iod
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: base64 is generally preferred; files are binary and should be transmitted without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit stripping, etc.
编码注意事项：base64通常是首选；文件为二进制文件，应在无CR/LF转换、7位剥离等情况下传输。
Security considerations: See section 5 of RFC 4337.
安全注意事项：见RFC 4337第5节。
Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating implementations exist within the ISO/IEC 14496 community, and that community has reference software for reading and writing the file format.
互操作性注意事项：ISO/IEC 14496社区中存在许多互操作实现，该社区有用于读取和写入文件格式的参考软件。
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001
Applications: Multimedia
应用：多媒体
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): none
幻数：无
File extension(s): none mp4 and mpg4 are both declared at <http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
文件扩展名：无mp4和mpg4都在<http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): mpg4 is registered with Apple.
Macintosh文件类型代码：mpg4已在苹果公司注册。
Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com
联系人：David Singer，singer@apple.com
Intended usage: Common
预期用途：普通
Author/Change controller: David Singer, ISO/IEC 14496 file format chair
作者/变更控制者：David Singer，ISO/IEC 14496文件格式主席
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: mpeg4-iod-xmt
MIME子类型名称：mpeg4 iod xmt
Required parameters: none
所需参数：无
Optional parameters: none
可选参数：无
Encoding considerations: none
编码注意事项：无
Security considerations: See section 5 of RFC 4337.
安全注意事项：见RFC 4337第5节。
Interoperability considerations: A number of interoperating implementations exist within the ISO/IEC 14496 community, and that community has reference software for reading and writing the file format.
互操作性注意事项：ISO/IEC 14496社区中存在许多互操作实现，该社区有用于读取和写入文件格式的参考软件。
Published specification: ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001 AMD2.
出版规范：ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001 AMD2。
Applications: Multimedia
应用：多媒体
Additional information:
其他信息：
Magic number(s): none
幻数：无
File extension(s): mp4 and mpg4 are both declared at <http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
文件扩展名：mp4和mpg4都在<http://pitch.nist.gov/nics/>.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): mpg4 is registered with Apple.
Macintosh文件类型代码：mpg4已在苹果公司注册。
Person to contact for info: David Singer, singer@apple.com
联系人：David Singer，singer@apple.com
Intended usage: Common
预期用途：普通
Author/Change controller: David Singer, ISO/IEC 14496 file format chair
作者/变更控制者：David Singer，ISO/IEC 14496文件格式主席
It is possible to inject non-compliant MPEG streams (Audio, Video, and Systems) in the MP4 file to overload the receiver/decoder's buffers. This might compromise the functionality of the receiver or even crash it. This is especially true for end-to-end systems like MPEG, where the buffer models are precisely defined.
可以在MP4文件中注入不兼容的MPEG流（音频、视频和系统），以使接收器/解码器的缓冲区过载。这可能会损害接收器的功能，甚至使其崩溃。对于端到端系统（如MPEG），尤其如此，在MPEG中，缓冲区模型是精确定义的。
An MP4 file supports the storage of stream types, including commands that are executed on the terminal such as OD command and BIFS commands, and programmatic content such as MPEG-J (Java(TM) Byte Code) and ECMASCRIPT. It is possible to use one or more of the above in a manner non-compliant to MPEG to crash the receiver or temporarily make it unavailable.
MP4文件支持流类型的存储，包括在终端上执行的命令，如OD命令和BIFS命令，以及编程内容，如MPEG-J（Java（TM）字节码）和ECMASCRIPT。可以以不符合MPEG的方式使用上述一个或多个来使接收机崩溃或暂时使其不可用。
Authentication mechanisms can be used to validate of the sender and the data to prevent security problems due to non-compliant malignant MP4 files.
身份验证机制可用于验证发送方和数据的有效性，以防止因不符合MP4文件而导致的安全问题。
A security model is defined in ISO/IEC 14496 Systems MP4 files containing MPEG-J contents that comprises Java(TM) classes and objects. MPEG-J defines a set of Java(TM) APIs and a secure execution model. MPEG-J content can call this set of APIs and Java(TM) methods from a set of Java packages supported in the receiver within the defined security model. According to this security model, downloaded byte code is forbidden to load libraries, to define native methods, to start programs, to read or write files, or to read system properties.
ISO/IEC 14496 Systems MP4文件中定义了安全模型，其中包含包含Java（TM）类和对象的MPEG-J内容。MPEG-J定义了一组Java（TM）API和一个安全执行模型。MPEG-J内容可以从定义的安全模型中接收器支持的一组Java包中调用这组API和Java（TM）方法。根据这个安全模型，下载的字节码被禁止加载库、定义本机方法、启动程序、读取或写入文件或读取系统属性。
This document has benefited greatly by contributions from many people, including Mike Coleman, Jean-Claude Duford, Viswanathan Swaminathan, Peter Westerink, Carsten Herpel, Olivier Avaro, Paul Christ, Zvi Lifshitz, and many others. Their insight, foresight, and contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Little has been invented here by the author; this is mostly a collation of greatness that has gone before.
本文件得益于许多人的贡献，包括迈克·科尔曼、让·克劳德·杜福德、维斯瓦纳坦·斯瓦米纳坦、彼得·韦斯特林、卡斯滕·赫尔佩尔、奥利维尔·阿瓦罗、保罗·克里斯特、兹维·利夫希茨和其他许多人。感谢他们的洞察力、远见和贡献。作者在这里几乎没有发明；这主要是对以往伟大成就的整理。
[1] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003.
[1] Schulzrinne，H.，Casner，S.，Frederick，R.，和V.Jacobson，“RTP：实时应用的传输协议”，STD 64，RFC 35502003年7月。
[2] ISO/IEC 14496-1 "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 1 : Systems", 3rd ed. 2004.
[2] ISO/IEC 14496-1“信息技术-视听对象编码-第1部分：系统”，第3版，2004年。
[3] ISO/IEC 14496-12 "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 12 : ISO Base Media File Format", December 2003.
[3] ISO/IEC 14496-12“信息技术-视听对象编码-第12部分：ISO基本媒体文件格式”，2003年12月。
[4] ISO/IEC 14496-14 "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 14 : MP4 File Format", January 2004.
[4] ISO/IEC 14496-14“信息技术-视听对象编码-第14部分：MP4文件格式”，2004年1月。
[5] ISO/IEC 14496-15 "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 15 : AVC File Format", 2004.
[5] ISO/IEC 14496-15“信息技术-视听对象编码-第15部分：AVC文件格式”，2004年。
[6] ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004 "Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 10: Advanced Video Coding", 2nd edition, 2004.
[6] ISO/IEC 14496-10:2004“信息技术——视听对象编码——第10部分：高级视频编码”，第2版，2004年。
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Young-Kwon LIM net&tv Inc. Room 802 Hanseo Building 1582-6 Seocho-3-Dong Seocho-Gu Seoul, 137-875, Korea
韩国首尔Seocho-3-Dong Seocho Gu 1582-6 Hanseo大厦802室Young Kwon LIM网络电视有限公司
Phone: +82-2-581-2305
EMail: young@netntv.co.kr
Phone: +82-2-581-2305
EMail: young@netntv.co.kr
David Singer Apple Computer, Inc. One Infinite Loop, MS:302-3MT Cupertino CA 95014 USA
David Singer苹果电脑有限公司One Infinite Loop，MS:302-3MT Cupertino CA 95014美国
Phone: +1 408 974 3162
EMail: singer@apple.com
Phone: +1 408 974 3162
EMail: singer@apple.com
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完整版权声明
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2006年）。
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
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知识产权
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向IETF秘书处披露的知识产权副本和任何许可证保证，或本规范实施者或用户试图获得使用此类专有权利的一般许可证或许可的结果，可从IETF在线知识产权存储库获取，网址为http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
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IETF邀请任何相关方提请其注意任何版权、专利或专利申请，或其他可能涵盖实施本标准所需技术的专有权利。请将信息发送至IETF的IETF-ipr@ietf.org.
Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
RFC编辑器功能的资金由IETF行政支持活动（IASA）提供。