Network Working Group N. Earnshaw
Request for Comments: 4078 BBC Research and Development
Category: Informational S. Aoki
TokyoFM Broadcasting
A. Ashley
NDS Limited
W. Kameyama
GITS, Waseda University
May 2005
Network Working Group N. Earnshaw
Request for Comments: 4078 BBC Research and Development
Category: Informational S. Aoki
TokyoFM Broadcasting
A. Ashley
NDS Limited
W. Kameyama
GITS, Waseda University
May 2005
The TV-Anytime Content Reference Identifier (CRID)
TV Anytime内容参考标识符（CRID）
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2005年）。
Abstract
摘要
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) scheme "CRID:" has been devised to allow references to current or future scheduled publications of broadcast media content over television distribution platforms and the Internet.
统一资源定位（URL）方案“CRID:”的设计目的是允许通过电视分发平台和互联网参考当前或未来广播媒体内容的预定出版物。
The initial intended application is as an embedded link within scheduled programme description metadata that can be used by the home user or agent to associate a programme selection with the corresponding programme location information for subsequent automatic acquisition.
初始预期应用作为预定节目描述元数据内的嵌入链路，家庭用户或代理可以使用该嵌入链路将节目选择与相应的节目位置信息关联起来，以便随后自动获取。
This document reproduces the TV-Anytime CRID definition found in the TV-Anytime content referencing specification, and is published as an RFC for ease of access and registration with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).
本文件复制了TV Anytime内容参考规范中的TV Anytime CRID定义，并作为RFC发布，以便于访问和在互联网分配号码管理局（IANA）注册。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Ancestry ........................................................3
3. Notation Used in This Document ..................................3
4. The CRID URL Scheme .............................................3
5. Examples of CRID Syntax .........................................4
6. Usage ...........................................................4
6.1. Normative Specification ....................................4
6.2. Role of Domain Name System (DNS) Namespace .................5
6.3. CRID Resolving .............................................5
6.4. CRID Related Metadata ......................................5
7. IANA Considerations .............................................6
7.1. General ....................................................6
7.2. Registration Template in Accordance with RFC 2717 ..........6
8. Security Considerations .........................................7
9. Acknowledgements ................................................7
10. References .....................................................8
10.1. Normative References .....................................8
10.2. Informative References ...................................8
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Ancestry ........................................................3
3. Notation Used in This Document ..................................3
4. The CRID URL Scheme .............................................3
5. Examples of CRID Syntax .........................................4
6. Usage ...........................................................4
6.1. Normative Specification ....................................4
6.2. Role of Domain Name System (DNS) Namespace .................5
6.3. CRID Resolving .............................................5
6.4. CRID Related Metadata ......................................5
7. IANA Considerations .............................................6
7.1. General ....................................................6
7.2. Registration Template in Accordance with RFC 2717 ..........6
8. Security Considerations .........................................7
9. Acknowledgements ................................................7
10. References .....................................................8
10.1. Normative References .....................................8
10.2. Informative References ...................................8
In recent years there has been an expansion in the number of broadcast television and radio services available to the home. In addition to the broadcast services delivered over traditional distribution channels such as Digital Terrestrial, Satellite and Cable, the advent of high-speed Internet connection will give rise to even more information and entertainment services, providing audio-visual programme material sourced directly to the home over the Internet.
近年来，家庭可使用的广播电视和无线电服务的数量有所增加。除了通过数字地面、卫星和有线电视等传统分销渠道提供的广播服务外，高速互联网连接的出现将带来更多的信息和娱乐服务，通过互联网直接向家庭提供视听节目材料。
Alongside this expansion there has also been increased growth in complexity of devices available to the home user, which will allow the user to operate in a 'search-select-acquire' paradigm. In this model, the user or user agent uses descriptive information about audio visual programmes as a basis for selecting the programme for subsequent acquisition and viewing. Increasingly, home appliances are being furnished with local storage, enabling the automatic capture of programme material through off-air recording or downloading by a home appliance.
除此之外，家庭用户可用设备的复杂性也在增加，这将允许用户在“搜索-选择-获取”模式下操作。在该模型中，用户或用户代理使用有关视听节目的描述性信息作为选择节目进行后续采集和观看的基础。家用电器越来越多地配备了本地存储设备，从而能够通过无线录制或家用电器下载来自动捕获节目材料。
The 'CRID:' Uniform Resource Locator is designed to be the bridge between programme-related descriptive metadata and corresponding programme location data that may be published over a different distribution network or at a different time.
“CRID:”统一资源定位器旨在成为与节目相关的描述性元数据和相应节目位置数据之间的桥梁，这些数据可能在不同的分发网络或不同的时间发布。
Programme location data provides the home user agent with the information required to acquire the programme at the time of publication. In the case of the television distribution model, these locators provide programme broadcast timing and tuning information so that the user appliance can record the programme when it is broadcast in real time. In the case of Internet delivery, the locators have to be of the form associated with streaming protocols or file exchange protocols with the time (or time window) of availability indicated.
节目位置数据为家庭用户代理提供在节目发布时获取节目所需的信息。在电视分发模型的情况下，这些定位器提供节目广播定时和调谐信息，以便用户设备能够在节目实时广播时记录节目。在互联网交付的情况下，定位器必须采用与流协议或文件交换协议相关联的形式，并指示可用性的时间（或时间窗口）。
Because a content publisher may release audio-video material in the same form on a number of platforms or repeatedly over some time interval, the CRID can be used to aggregate these different publications and associate them with a single description. Furthermore, there may be other meaningful semantic associations between otherwise unrelated programme publications with assigned CRID that can be further aggregated under a higher-level CRID. This higher-level CRID can be described through its own descriptive metadata. The subjective nature of these aggregation decisions is part of the CRID authoring process and is not standardised.
由于内容发布者可能会在多个平台上以相同的形式发布音频视频材料，或者在一段时间间隔内重复发布，因此可以使用CRID聚合这些不同的出版物，并将它们与单个描述关联起来。此外，与指定的CRID无关的方案出版物之间可能存在其他有意义的语义关联，这些语义关联可在更高级别的CRID下进一步聚合。这个更高级别的CRID可以通过其自身的描述性元数据来描述。这些汇总决策的主观性质是CRID编写过程的一部分，未标准化。
The CRID resolution process ultimately enabling the user agent to acquire audio-visual programme material may be a timely process, with resolution updates delivered dynamically from the service provider. This is to reflect common business practice of adjusting the time of content availability close to the original published time to accommodate a live, managed, reactive broadcast service.
最终使用户代理能够获取视听节目材料的CRID解析过程可能是一个及时的过程，服务提供商动态地交付解析更新。这是为了反映将内容可用时间调整到接近原始发布时间的常见业务实践，以适应实时、管理、反应式广播服务。
The Uniform Resource Locator scheme 'CRID:' is taken from the TV-Anytime forum Content Reference Identifier and is a result of the consensus reached by members of this forum between March 2000 and June 2002. The TV-Anytime CRID and associated supporting data is specified in the TV-Anytime Phase 1 Content Referencing Specification [TVA-CR].
统一资源定位方案“CRID:”取自TV Anytime论坛内容参考标识符，是该论坛成员于2000年3月至2002年6月达成共识的结果。TV Anytime CRID和相关支持数据在TV Anytime第1阶段内容参考规范[TVA-CR]中规定。
The notation used in this document takes the form
本文件中使用的符号采用以下形式：
<first>/<second>
<first>/<second>
in which the component names are in angle brackets and any characters outside angle brackets are literal separators.
其中，组件名称位于尖括号内，尖括号外的任何字符都是文字分隔符。
The CRID URL takes the form
CRID URL采用以下形式：
crid://<DNS name>/<data>
crid://<DNS name>/<data>
in which <DNS name> is a registered Internet domain name that takes the form of domain name described in Section 3 of [RFC1034] and Section 2.1 of [RFC1123].
其中，<DNS name>是一个注册的互联网域名，采用[RFC1034]第3节和[RFC1123]第2.1节所述的域名形式。
<data> is a free format string that is URI [RFC3986] compliant, and that is meaningful to the authority given by the authority field. The portion of the field is case insensitive. It is recommended that all characters not within the range of characters allowed in a URI must be encoded into UTF-8 and included in the URI as a sequence of escaped octets. An escaped octet is encoded as a character triplet, consisting of the percent character, "%", followed by the two hexadecimal digits representing the octet code.
<data>是一个自由格式字符串，它与URI[RFC3986]兼容，并且对authority字段给定的权限有意义。字段部分不区分大小写。建议所有不在URI允许的字符范围内的字符必须编码为UTF-8，并作为转义八位字节序列包含在URI中。转义八位字节编码为字符三元组，由百分比字符“%”组成，后跟表示八位字节代码的两个十六进制数字。
In its entirety, the CRID is URI compliant as specified in [RFC3986]. As per [RFC3986], the crid:// part of the syntax is case insensitive.
总体而言，CRID符合[RFC3986]中规定的URI。根据[RFC3986]，语法的crid://部分不区分大小写。
The following are examples of a valid CRID:
以下是有效CRID的示例：
crid://example.com/foobar
crid://example.com/foobar
The above CRID was created by "example.com" authority, with data part of foobar:
上述CRID由“example.com”权威机构创建，数据部分为foobar：
crid://example.co.jp/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AC
crid://example.co.jp/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AC
The above CRID was created by "example.co.jp" authority, with a data part of "E", "I", and "GA" (meaning "movie"), represented as KATAKANA LETTERS (Japanese characters) in UTF-8 encoding preceded by "%".
上述CRID由“example.co.jp”机构创建，数据部分为“E”、“I”和“GA”（意思是“电影”），以UTF-8编码的片假名字母（日语字符）表示，前面加“%”。
The Uniform Resource Locator scheme 'CRID:' identifies the URL as the TV-Anytime Content Reference Identifier and conforms to the TV-Anytime Content Referencing Specification [TVA-CR]. The TV-Anytime CRID is a key component in the TV-Anytime forum specification series as described in the informative overview Systems Description Specification [TVA-Sys]. The normative Content Referencing Specification [TVA-CR] also includes the details of the contents and
统一资源定位器方案“CRID:”将URL标识为TV Anytime内容引用标识符，并符合TV Anytime内容引用规范[TVA-CR]。TV Anytime CRID是TV Anytime论坛规范系列中的一个关键组件，如信息概述系统描述规范[TVA Sys]所述。规范性内容参考规范[TVA-CR]还包括内容和内容的细节
format of the associated content referencing tables that resolve the TV-Anytime CRID into further CRID instances or transport system-dependent locations.
将TV Anytime CRID解析为其他CRID实例或传输系统相关位置的关联内容引用表的格式。
Note that the use of the registered Internet Domain does not mean that the DNS resolving service is to be employed for the resolution of CRID URL. Indeed the resolution information is fully specified in [TVA-CR] and does not require the use of the DNS resolution service. This is especially important as one key application area is broadcast television and radio distribution services that are not Internet based.
请注意，使用已注册的Internet域并不意味着将使用DNS解析服务解析CRID URL。实际上，解析信息在[TVA-CR]中完全指定，不需要使用DNS解析服务。这一点尤其重要，因为一个关键的应用领域是非基于互联网的广播电视和无线电分发服务。
In business scenarios that exploit Internet connectivity to the home, the DNS portion of the CRID can be used to resolve the Internet location of the service provider, who in turn will provide location resolution information in a form described in [TVA-CR].
在利用互联网连接到家庭的业务场景中，CRID的DNS部分可用于解析服务提供商的互联网位置，服务提供商将以[TVA-CR]中所述的形式提供位置解析信息。
As addressed in [TVA-CR], the CRID is ultimately resolved either directly by the CRID authority or by another party. If another party is providing resolution, the ability to resolve the CRID requires the flow of some information from the authority to the resolution provider, in order to tie the CRID to its resolution. Examples of relationships between CRID authors and the suppliers of resolution information are given in [TVA-Sys].
如[TVA-CR]所述，CRID最终由CRID管理机构或另一方直接解决。如果另一方提供处置，则解决CRID的能力需要管理局向处置提供方提供一些信息，以便将CRID与其处置联系起来。[TVA Sys]中给出了CRID作者与分辨率信息供应商之间关系的示例。
As described in [TVA-CR], there will in all likelihood be more than one CRID that can resolve directly or indirectly to a given single locator at a given time.
如[TVA-CR]中所述，在给定时间内，很可能会有多个CRID可以直接或间接解析到给定的单个定位器。
Also shown in [TVA-CR], CRIDs that resolve directly to the location of the scheduled content are likely to resolve to more than one location, as television and radio programmes are often published repeatedly within broadcast schedules or across different broadcast services or distribution platforms over an extended period of time.
[TVA-CR]中还显示，直接解析到预定内容位置的CRID可能解析到多个位置，因为电视和广播节目通常在广播时间表内或在不同的广播服务或分发平台上长时间重复发布。
TV-Anytime specification [TVA-Met] specifies the format and contents of the programme-related descriptive metadata designed to convey the TV-Anytime CRID for the purpose outlined here, as well as that of other data supporting the publication and usage of programme material.
TV Anytime specification[TVA Met]规定了与节目相关的描述性元数据的格式和内容，这些元数据旨在传达此处概述的TV Anytime CRID，以及支持节目材料出版和使用的其他数据的格式和内容。
The 'crid:' URI scheme is reserved to designate that the URI relates to the TV-Anytime CRID and is to be used in accordance with the TV-Anytime Content Referencing Specification [TVA-CR].
保留“crid:”URI方案，以指定URI与TV-Anytime-crid相关，并根据TV-Anytime内容引用规范[TVA-CR]使用。
The designation of the value of each CRID is the responsibility of the CRID author, as identified through the 'authority' field.
每个CRID值的指定由CRID作者负责，通过“权限”字段确定。
The policy of assignment of CRID values lies with the CRID author associated with the authority field. It is likely that there will be a number of diverse (and possibly changing) authoring policies as required by various organisations as they address their respective audiences. These individual policies will address resolution target resource designation issues such as the subjective equivalence of programme material available from different locations, the grouping of CRIDs under another CRID for collective description and resolution purposes, the cross referencing of CRID between authorities, CRID lifetime, and CRID reuse.
CRID值的分配政策由与权限字段相关联的CRID作者负责。根据不同组织针对各自受众的要求，可能会有许多不同（可能不断变化）的创作策略。这些单独的政策将解决处置目标资源指定问题，如不同地点可用的方案材料的主观等效性、为集体描述和处置目的将CRID分组到另一个CRID下、当局之间交叉引用CRID、CRID寿命、，和CRID重用。
It is likely that some authoring policies may be set through collaborative business arrangements, localised operational agreements, or national governmental bodies.
一些创作政策可能通过合作业务安排、本地化运营协议或国家政府机构制定。
URL scheme name: crid
URL方案名称：crid
URL scheme syntax: See Section 4
URL方案语法：参见第4节
Character encoding considerations: TV-Anytime does not specify the character encoding scheme to be adopted by each implementation. However, in the case where Internet interoperability is desired, it is recommended that all characters not within the range of characters allowed in a URI must be encoded into UTF-8 and included in the URI as a sequence of escaped octets. An escaped octet is encoded as a character triplet, consisting of the percent character, "%", followed by the two hexadecimal digits representing the octet code. For example, the character A would be represented as "A", the character LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE would be represented as "%C3%80", and the character KATAKANA LETTER A would be represented as "%E3%82%A2".
字符编码注意事项：TV Anytime没有指定每个实现要采用的字符编码方案。但是，在需要Internet互操作性的情况下，建议所有不在URI中允许的字符范围内的字符都必须编码到UTF-8中，并作为转义八位字节序列包含在URI中。转义八位字节编码为字符三元组，由百分比字符“%”组成，后跟表示八位字节代码的两个十六进制数字。例如，字符A将表示为“A”，带有坟墓的拉丁大写字母A将表示为“%C3%80”，而片假名字母A将表示为“%E3%82%A2”。
Intended Use: See Section 6
预期用途：见第6节
Application and protocols which use this scheme: See Section 6
使用此方案的应用程序和协议：参见第6节
Interoperability considerations: None (Section 4 contains the first version of the CRID URL definition)
互操作性注意事项：无（第4节包含CRID URL定义的第一个版本）
Security considerations: See Section 8
安全注意事项：见第8节
Relevant publications: See [TVA-CR], [TVA-Met], [TVA-Sys], [TVA-Prt]
相关出版物：见[TVA-CR]、[TVA Met]、[TVA Sys]、[TVA Prt]
Contact: Wataru KAMEYAMA, Vice Chairman and Secretary of the TV-Anytime Forum, wataru@waseda.jp
联系人：Wataru KAMEYAMA，电视论坛副主席兼秘书，wataru@waseda.jp
Author/Change controller: IESG
作者/变更控制员：IESG
The CRID URL described here provides a referencing mechanism. The values of the URL contain the authoring 'Authority' name as a DNS namespace identifier and a data portion to distinguish it from other CRIDs from the same authority. There should be no reason to prevent disclosure of the values within the CRID and no commercial sensitivity associated with these values.
这里描述的CRID URL提供了一种引用机制。URL的值包含作为DNS命名空间标识符的创作“权威”名称，以及用于将其与来自同一权威的其他CRID区分开来的数据部分。没有理由阻止CRID内的价值披露，也没有与这些价值相关的商业敏感性。
When the binding conveyed as part of a larger data set which may have commercial value or critical binding between a CRID and the accompanying data, the security and integrity of the binding is a matter for the wider system implementers to judge and protect accordingly. One such method for protecting metadata can be found in [TVA-Prt], though it is not mandated that users adopt this. In any case, there may be other, wider system security functions in place or such precautions may not be seen as necessary.
当绑定作为可能具有商业价值或CRID与随附数据之间的关键绑定的更大数据集的一部分传输时，绑定的安全性和完整性由更广泛的系统实现者相应地判断和保护。在[TVA Prt]中可以找到这样一种保护元数据的方法，尽管用户不强制采用这种方法。在任何情况下，可能存在其他更广泛的系统安全功能，或者可能认为没有必要采取此类预防措施。
Tampering with values of CRIDs during transmission or distribution over public or open networks has only nuisance or denial-of-service effects unless it causes alternative location resolution data or programme metadata to be referenced. Again, this can be dealt with as a system delivery of data integrity issue not specific to the CRID.
在通过公共或开放网络传输或分发期间篡改CRID的值只会造成滋扰或拒绝服务影响，除非它导致引用替代位置解析数据或节目元数据。同样，这可以作为系统交付数据完整性问题来处理，而不是CRID特有的问题。
Impersonating a CRID authority by authoring CRID with an authority portion for which the bogus author does not have permission from the registered DNS name holder would be a misuse of the DNS name holder's identity and should be dealt with through normal business practice.
通过使用注册DNS名称持有人不允许的权限部分创作CRID来冒充CRID权限将是对DNS名称持有人身份的滥用，应通过正常商业惯例处理。
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the members of the TV-Anytime forum and their work in the development of the TV-Anytime CRID.
作者要感谢TV Anytime论坛成员的支持以及他们在TV Anytime CRID发展中所做的工作。
[TVA-CR] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "ETSI TS 102 822-4 v1.1.2 ; Broadcast and On-line Services: Search, select and rightful use of content on personal storage systems ("TV-Anytime Phase 1"); Part 4: Content referencing", October 2004.
[TVA-CR]欧洲电信标准协会，“ETSI TS 102 822-4 v1.1.2；广播和在线服务：个人存储系统上内容的搜索、选择和合法使用（“TV Anytime Phase 1”）；第4部分：内容引用”，2004年10月。
[RFC1034] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", RFC 1034, November 1987.
[RFC1034]Mockapetris，P.，“域名-概念和设施”，RFC10341987年11月。
[RFC1123] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
[RFC1123]Braden，R.，“互联网主机的要求-应用和支持”，RFC1123，1989年10月。
[RFC2717] Petke, R. and I. King, "Registration Procedures for URL Scheme Names", RFC 2717, November 1999.
[RFC2717]Petke，R.和I.King，“URL方案名称的注册程序”，RFC 2717，1999年11月。
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3986]Berners Lee，T.，Fielding，R.，和L.Masinter，“统一资源标识符（URI）：通用语法”，STD 66，RFC 3986，2005年1月。
[TVA-Sys] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "ETSI TS 102 822-2 v1.2.1 ; Broadcast and On-line Services: Search, select and rightful use of content on personal storage systems ("TV-Anytime Phase 1"). Part 2 System Description", September 2004.
[TVA Sys]欧洲电信标准协会，“ETSI TS 102 822-2 v1.2.1；广播和在线服务：个人存储系统上内容的搜索、选择和合法使用（“TV Anytime Phase 1”）。第2部分系统说明”，2004年9月。
[TVA-Met] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "ETSI TS 102 822-3-1 v1.2.1 ; Broadcast and On-line Services: Search, select and rightful use of content on personal storage systems ("TV-Anytime Phase 1"). Part 3 Metadata. Sub-part 1: Metadata Schemas", September 2004.
[TVA Met]欧洲电信标准协会，“ETSI TS 102 822-3-1 v1.2.1；广播和在线服务：搜索、选择和合法使用个人存储系统上的内容（“TV Anytime Phase 1”）。第3部分元数据。第1子部分：元数据模式”，2004年9月。
[TVA-Prt] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, "ETSI TS 102 822-7 v1.1.1 ; Broadcast and On-line Services: Search, select and rightful use of content on personal storage systems ("TV-Anytime Phase 1"). Part 7 Bi-directional Metadata Delivery Protection", October 2003.
[TVA Prt]欧洲电信标准协会，“ETSI TS 102 822-7 v1.1.1；广播和在线服务：在个人存储系统上搜索、选择和合法使用内容（“TV Anytime Phase 1”）。第7部分双向元数据交付保护”，2003年10月。
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Nigel Earnshaw BBC Research and Development Kingswood Warren Tadworth, Surrey KT20 6NP United Kingdom
奈杰尔·恩肖英国广播公司研发部金斯伍德·沃伦·塔沃斯，英国萨里郡KT20 6NP
Phone: +44 1737 839618
EMail: nigel.earnshaw@rd.bbc.co.uk
Phone: +44 1737 839618
EMail: nigel.earnshaw@rd.bbc.co.uk
Shigeru Aoki TokyoFM Broadcasting 1-7 Kojimachi Chiyoda-ku, TOKYO 102-8080 JAPAN
青木茂东京调频广播1-7号，日本东京千代田区，东京102-8080
Phone: +81 3 3221 0244
EMail: shig@center.jfn.co.jp
Phone: +81 3 3221 0244
EMail: shig@center.jfn.co.jp
Alex Ashley NDS Limited One London Road Staines, Middlesex TW18 4EX United Kingdom
亚历克斯·阿什利NDS有限公司伦敦路一号，米德尔塞克斯TW18 4EX英国
Phone: +44 208 4768270
EMail: aashley@ndsuk.com
Phone: +44 208 4768270
EMail: aashley@ndsuk.com
Wataru Kameyama GITS, Waseda University 1011 Okuboyama, Nishi-tomida Honjo-shi, SAITAMA 367-0035 JAPAN
Wataru Kameyama GITS，早稻田大学1011 Okuboyama，Nishi tomida Honjo shi，SAITAMA 367-0035日本
Phone: +81 495 24 6052
EMail: wataru@waseda.jp
Phone: +81 495 24 6052
EMail: wataru@waseda.jp
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