Network Working Group S. Josefsson
Request for Comments: 4027 April 2005
Category: Informational
Network Working Group S. Josefsson
Request for Comments: 4027 April 2005
Category: Informational
Domain Name System Media Types
域名系统媒体类型
Status of This Memo
关于下段备忘
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2005年）。
Abstract
摘要
This document registers the media types application/dns and text/dns in accordance with RFC 2048. The application/dns media type is used to identify data on the detached Domain Name System (DNS) format described in RFC 2540. The text/dns media type is used to identify master files as described in RFC 1035.
本文档根据RFC 2048注册媒体类型应用程序/dns和文本/dns。应用程序/dns媒体类型用于识别RFC 2540中描述的分离域名系统（dns）格式上的数据。文本/dns媒体类型用于标识RFC 1035中所述的主文件。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. MIME Type Registration of application/dns . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. MIME Type Registration of text/dns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. Disclaimer and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Full Copyright Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. MIME Type Registration of application/dns . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. MIME Type Registration of text/dns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. Disclaimer and License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Full Copyright Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Domain Name System (DNS) [1] information is traditionally stored in text files, so-called master files or zone files. The format is described in section 5 of RFC 1035 [2].
域名系统（DNS）[1]信息传统上存储在文本文件中，即所谓的主文件或区域文件。RFC 1035[2]第5节描述了该格式。
DNS data can also be stored in a "detached" format, intended for archiving purposes, described in RFC 2540 [4].
DNS数据也可以“分离”格式存储，用于存档目的，如RFC 2540[4]所述。
This document registers MIME media types for the two data formats, with the registration procedures described in RFC 2048 [3].
本文档按照RFC 2048[3]中描述的注册过程，注册两种数据格式的MIME媒体类型。
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type application/dns
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type application/dns
MIME media type name: application
MIME媒体类型名称：应用程序
MIME subtype name: dns
MIME子类型名称：dns
Required parameters: None.
所需参数：无。
Optional parameters: None.
可选参数：无。
Encoding considerations: The data format is binary, and data must be transfered unmodified. Using encodings intended for textual parts is not recommended.
编码注意事项：数据格式是二进制的，数据必须在不修改的情况下传输。不建议使用用于文本部分的编码。
Security considerations: This media type identifies content as being detached DNS information, as documented in RFC 2540 [4]. This data may be security relevant as per RFC 2538 [7] or may be secured information as per RFC 2535 [6]. Securing the content further may be done with standard techniques, such as OpenPGP [5] or CMS [9], but this is outside of the scope here. Further security assessments are not available at this point.
安全注意事项：此媒体类型将内容标识为分离的DNS信息，如RFC 2540[4]中所述。根据RFC 2538[7]，该数据可能与安全相关，或者根据RFC 2535[6]可能是安全信息。可以使用标准技术（如OpenPGP[5]或CMS[9]）进一步保护内容，但这超出了本文的范围。目前无法进行进一步的安全评估。
Interoperability considerations: The encoding of detached DNS information is, unlike textual master files, well defined. No further interoperability considerations are known.
互操作性注意事项：与文本主文件不同，分离的DNS信息的编码定义良好。目前还不知道进一步的互操作性考虑。
Published specification: The format of data that could be tagged with this media type is documented in RFC 2540 [4].
已发布规范：RFC 2540[4]中记录了可使用此媒体类型标记的数据格式。
Applications that use this media type: DNS-related software, including software storing and using certificates stored in DNS.
使用此媒体类型的应用程序：DNS相关软件，包括存储和使用DNS中存储的证书的软件。
Additional information: Magic number(s): None. File extension(s): Unknown. Macintosh File Type Code(s): Unknown.
其他信息：幻数：无。文件扩展名：未知。Macintosh文件类型代码：未知。
Person & email address to contact for further information:
联系人和电子邮件地址，以获取更多信息：
Simon Josefsson simon@josefsson.org
西蒙·约瑟夫森simon@josefsson.org
Intended usage: LIMITED USE
预期用途：有限用途
Author/change controller: simon@josefsson.org
Author/change controller: simon@josefsson.org
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type text/dns
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of MIME media type text/dns
MIME media type name: text
MIME媒体类型名称：text
MIME subtype name: dns
MIME子类型名称：dns
Required parameters: None.
所需参数：无。
Optional parameters: None.
可选参数：无。
Encoding considerations: The data is textual and should be transfered in a line-oriented mode. Text literals may contain CRLF within the text. Binary transport is possible between systems that use the same end-of-line conventions. Master files are in general ASCII, but non-ASCII octet values may occur and are treated as opaque values by DNS software (compare RFC 1035, section 5). The master file format permits encoding arbitrary octet values by using the "\DDD" encoding. The use of "\DDD" encoding can be more reliable than transporting non-ASCII through MIME transports, if data passes through a gateway that re-encodes the character data.
编码注意事项：数据是文本的，应该以面向行的方式传输。文本文本中可能包含CRLF。使用相同的线端约定的系统之间可以进行二进制传输。主文件通常为ASCII，但可能会出现非ASCII八位字节值，DNS软件将其视为不透明值（比较RFC 1035，第5节）。主文件格式允许使用“\DDD”编码对任意八位字节值进行编码。如果数据通过重新编码字符数据的网关，则使用“\DDD”编码比通过MIME传输传输非ASCII更可靠。
Security considerations: This media type identifies content as being DNS information in "master file" format, as documented in RFC 1035 [2]. The DNS data may be security relevant as per to RFC 2538 [7], or may be secured information as per to RFC 2535 [6]. Securing the content further may be done with standard techniques, such as OpenPGP [5] or CMS [9], but this is outside of the scope here. Further security assessments are not available at this point.
安全注意事项：此媒体类型将内容标识为“主文件”格式的DNS信息，如RFC 1035[2]中所述。DNS数据可以是符合RFC 2538[7]的安全相关信息，或者可以是符合RFC 2535[6]的安全信息。可以使用标准技术（如OpenPGP[5]或CMS[9]）进一步保护内容，但这超出了本文的范围。目前无法进行进一步的安全评估。
Interoperability considerations: There are interoperability concerns with master files, due to the widespread use of vendor-specific extensions. Non-ASCII comments within master files may have been encoded in locally chosen character sets, which may be difficult to transport interoperably. Non-ASCII data in general can become corrupted by re-encoding gateways. To achieve interoperability, one can use the master file format described in the specification and the "\DDD" encoding for non-ASCII octets. Further interoperability issues with unrecognized RR types exist, which may be handled as discussed in section 5 of RFC 3597 [8].
互操作性注意事项：由于供应商特定扩展的广泛使用，主文件存在互操作性问题。主文件中的非ASCII注释可能已经用本地选择的字符集编码，这可能很难进行互操作传输。非ASCII数据通常会因重新编码网关而损坏。为了实现互操作性，可以使用规范中描述的主文件格式和非ASCII八位字节的“\DDD”编码。存在无法识别RR类型的进一步互操作性问题，可按照RFC 3597[8]第5节的讨论进行处理。
Published specification: The format of data that could be tagged with this MIME type is documented in RFC 1035 [2].
已发布规范：RFC1035[2]中记录了可以使用此MIME类型标记的数据格式。
Applications that use this media type: DNS-related software, including software storing and using certificates stored in DNS.
使用此媒体类型的应用程序：DNS相关软件，包括存储和使用DNS中存储的证书的软件。
Additional information: Magic number(s): None. File extension(s): 'soa' and 'zone' are known to be used. Macintosh file type code(s): Unknown.
其他信息：幻数：无。文件扩展名：已知使用了“soa”和“zone”。Macintosh文件类型代码：未知。
Person & email address to contact for further information:
联系人和电子邮件地址，以获取更多信息：
Simon Josefsson simon@josefsson.org
西蒙·约瑟夫森simon@josefsson.org
Intended usage: LIMITED USE
预期用途：有限用途
Author/change controller: simon@josefsson.org
Author/change controller: simon@josefsson.org
Security considerations are discussed in the security considerations clauses of the MIME registrations in sections 2 and 3.
第2节和第3节MIME注册的安全注意事项条款中讨论了安全注意事项。
The IANA has registered the MIME media types application/dns and text/dns by using the registration templates in sections 2 and 3, as per the procedure described in RFC 2048 [3].
IANA已经按照RFC 2048[3]中描述的程序，使用第2节和第3节中的注册模板注册了MIME媒体类型应用程序/dns和文本/dns。
Thanks to D. Eastlake for suggesting text/dns. Thanks to Keith Moore and Alfred Hoenes for reviewing this document. The author acknowledges the RSA Laboratories for supporting the work that led to this document.
感谢D.Eastlake对文本/dns的建议。感谢Keith Moore和Alfred Hoenes审阅本文件。作者感谢RSA实验室支持本文档的工作。
A. Disclaimer and License
A.免责声明和许可证
Regarding this entire document or any portion of it, the author makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it, provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain misleading author or version information. Derivative works need not be licensed under similar terms.
对于本文件的全部或任何部分，作者不作任何保证，也不对因使用本文件而造成的任何损坏负责。作者向任何人授予不可撤销的使用、修改和分发许可，允许其以任何方式使用、修改和分发，但不得削弱任何其他人使用、修改和分发的权利，前提是重新分发的衍生作品不包含误导性的作者或版本信息。衍生作品无需根据类似条款获得许可。
Normative References
规范性引用文件
[1] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - concepts and facilities", STD 13, RFC 1034, November 1987.
[1] Mockapetris，P.，“域名-概念和设施”，STD 13，RFC 1034，1987年11月。
[2] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[2] Mockapetris，P.，“域名-实现和规范”，STD 13，RFC 10351987年11月。
[3] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and J. Postel, "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 2048, November 1996.
[3] Freed，N.，Klensin，J.，和J.Postel，“多用途互联网邮件扩展（MIME）第四部分：注册程序”，BCP 13，RFC 2048，1996年11月。
[4] Eastlake 3rd, D., "Detached Domain Name System (DNS) Information", RFC 2540, March 1999.
[4] Eastlake 3rd，D.，“分离域名系统（DNS）信息”，RFC 25401999年3月。
Informative References
资料性引用
[5] Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H., and R. Thayer, "OpenPGP Message Format", RFC 2440, November 1998.
[5] Callas，J.，Donnerhacke，L.，Finney，H.，和R.Thayer，“OpenPGP消息格式”，RFC2440，1998年11月。
[6] Eastlake 3rd, D., "Domain Name System Security Extensions", RFC 2535, March 1999.
[6] Eastlake 3rd，D.，“域名系统安全扩展”，RFC 25351999年3月。
[7] Eastlake 3rd, D. and O. Gudmundsson, "Storing Certificates in the Domain Name System (DNS)", RFC 2538, March 1999.
[7] Eastlake 3rd，D.和O.Gudmundsson，“在域名系统（DNS）中存储证书”，RFC 2538，1999年3月。
[8] Gustafsson, A., "Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types", RFC 3597, September 2003.
[8] Gustafsson，A.，“未知DNS资源记录（RR）类型的处理”，RFC3597，2003年9月。
[9] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", RFC 3852, July 2004.
[9] Housley，R.，“加密消息语法（CMS）”，RFC3852，2004年7月。
Author's Address
作者地址
Simon Josefsson
西蒙·约瑟夫森
EMail: simon@josefsson.org
EMail: simon@josefsson.org
Full Copyright Statement
完整版权声明
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2005年）。
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
本文件受BCP 78中包含的权利、许可和限制的约束，除其中规定外，作者保留其所有权利。
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件及其包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，贡献者、他/她所代表或赞助的组织（如有）、互联网协会和互联网工程任务组不承担任何明示或暗示的担保，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。
Intellectual Property
知识产权
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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IETF邀请任何相关方提请其注意任何版权、专利或专利申请，或其他可能涵盖实施本标准所需技术的专有权利。请将信息发送至IETF的IETF-ipr@ietf.org.
Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC编辑功能的资金目前由互联网协会提供。