Network Working Group C. Allocchio
Request for Comments: 3601 GARR-Italy
Category: Standards Track September 2003
Network Working Group C. Allocchio
Request for Comments: 3601 GARR-Italy
Category: Standards Track September 2003
Text String Notation for Dial Sequences and Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN) / E.164 Addresses
拨号顺序和全球交换电话网（GSTN）/E.164地址的文本字符串表示法
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本文件规定了互联网社区的互联网标准跟踪协议，并要求进行讨论和提出改进建议。有关本协议的标准化状态和状态，请参考当前版本的“互联网官方协议标准”（STD 1）。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2003年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This memo describes the full set of notations needed to represent a text string in a Dial Sequence. A Dial Sequence is normally composed of Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) elements, plus separators and additional "actions" (such as "wait for dialtone", "pause for N secs", etc.) which could be needed to successfully establish the connection with the target service: this includes the cases where subaddresses or DTMF menu navigation apply.
本备忘录描述了在拨号序列中表示文本字符串所需的全套符号。拨号序列通常由双音多频（DTMF）元素、分隔符和其他“操作”（如“等待拨号音”、“暂停N秒”等）组成，这些操作可能是成功建立与目标服务的连接所需的：这包括子地址或DTMF菜单导航应用的情况。
Since the very first devices interacting with GSTN services appeared, a need for a unique text string representation of commonly called telephone numbers, and more generally DTMF sequences and actions, was foreseen.
自从第一批与GSTN服务交互的设备出现以来，人们就预见到了对通常称为电话号码的唯一文本字符串表示，以及更普遍的DTMF序列和动作的需求。
This memo describes the full text string representation method. This specification was explicitly created to provide an easy, unique and complete reference which MUST be used by all other specifications needing a text string representation for a Dial Sequence.
本备忘录描述了全文字符串表示方法。本规范明确创建的目的是提供一个简单、唯一和完整的参考，所有其他需要拨号序列文本字符串表示的规范都必须使用该参考。
The specification was collected directly from Dial Sequence definitions which are already described in existing Standard Track specifications (such as [6] [7] [8] [9]), and is fully synchronized with them. Full compatibility is thus assured, and as a consequence, this specification results in a compendium of existing definitions.
该规范直接从现有标准轨道规范（如[6][7][8][9]）中已描述的拨号顺序定义中收集，并与之完全同步。因此，完全兼容性得到了保证，因此，本规范产生了现有定义的概要。
This notation is a fully compatible compendium of existing notations, and should be used in all specifications needing a text string representation of a Dial Sequence.
此符号是现有符号的完全兼容概要，应在需要拨号序列文本字符串表示的所有规范中使用。
Although the commonly called "telephone numbers" are normally used to generate a Dial Sequence when establishing a connection, the full abstract E.164 addresses [2], i.e., the universal addressing on the Global Switched Telephone Network (GSTN), have further elements which cannot be dialled. Thus abstract E.164 addresses cannot be fully converted into a Dial Sequence or fully represented using this notation.
尽管通常称为“电话号码”的电话号码通常用于在建立连接时生成拨号序列，但完整的抽象E.164地址[2]，即全球交换电话网络（GSTN）上的通用地址，具有无法拨号的其他元素。因此，抽象E.164地址不能完全转换成拨号序列，也不能用这种符号完全表示。
In this document the formal definitions are described using ABNF syntax, as defined in [3]. This memo also uses some of the "CORE DEFINITIONS" defined in "APPENDIX A - CORE" of that document.
在本文档中，使用[3]中定义的ABNF语法描述形式定义。本备忘录还使用了该文件“附录A-核心”中定义的一些“核心定义”。
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [4].
本文件中的关键词“必须”、“不得”、“要求”、“应”、“不应”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“可”和“可选”应按照BCP 14、RFC 2119[4]中的描述进行解释。
The following terms are also defined in this document:
本文件中还定义了以下术语：
Dial Sequence: a series of DTMF elements and human or device "actions";
拨号顺序：一系列DTMF元件和人或设备的“动作”；
phone-string: a text representation of a Dial Sequence;
电话串：拨号顺序的文本表示；
GSTN address: a commonly called "telephone number" on the GSTN, i.e., a diallable subset of an E.164 abstract address or any private numbering schema diallable address;
GSTN地址：GSTN上通常称为“电话号码”，即e.164抽象地址或任何私有编号模式可拨号地址的可拨号子集；
gstn-phone: a text representation of a GSTN address;
gstn电话：gstn地址的文本表示；
subaddr-string: a text representation of a GSTN subaddress (which includes ISDN subaddresses [2] and T.33 subaddresses [5]);
子地址字符串：GSTN子地址（包括ISDN子地址[2]和T.33子地址[5]）的文本表示形式；
post-dial: a text representation of a post dialling sequence.
后拨：后拨序列的文本表示形式。
The possible elements composing a Dial Sequence can vary from a minimum number, up to a really large and complex collection: in fact, the sequences already needed to dial a gstn-phone, which is a subset of the generic Dial Sequence, well represents this variety and complexity of cases.
组成拨号序列的可能元素可以从最小数量到非常大且复杂的集合不等：事实上，拨号gstn电话所需的序列（通用拨号序列的子集）很好地代表了这种情况的多样性和复杂性。
In particular, a Dial Sequence is composed by:
具体而言，拨号序列由以下部分组成：
- "DTMF elements": normally available as "keys" on numeric keypads of dialling devices;
- “DTMF元件”：通常作为拨号设备数字键盘上的“键”提供；
- "actions": normally performed by the agent (human or device) composing the Dial Sequence;
- “操作”：通常由组成拨号序列的代理（人员或设备）执行；
- "separators": used only to improve human readability of a Dial Sequence.
- “分隔符”：仅用于提高拨号顺序的可读性。
The text representation of the Dial Sequence elements is defined in the phone-string specification:
拨号序列元素的文本表示形式在电话字符串规范中定义：
phone-string = 1*( DTMF / pause / tonewait / written-sep )
phone-string = 1*( DTMF / pause / tonewait / written-sep )
DTMF = ( DIGIT / "#" / "*" / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" )
; special DTMF codes like "*", "#", "A", "B",
; "C", "D" are defined in [1].
; Important Note: these elements only apply for
; alphabetic strings used in DTMF operations.
; They are NOT applicable for the alphabetic
; characters that are mapped to digits on phone
; keypads in some countries.
DTMF = ( DIGIT / "#" / "*" / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" )
; special DTMF codes like "*", "#", "A", "B",
; "C", "D" are defined in [1].
; Important Note: these elements only apply for
; alphabetic strings used in DTMF operations.
; They are NOT applicable for the alphabetic
; characters that are mapped to digits on phone
; keypads in some countries.
pause = "p"
pause = "p"
tonewait = "w"
tonewait = "w"
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
Note: DTMF are the "DTMF elements", pause and tonewait are the "actions" and written-sep are the "separators".
注：DTMF为“DTMF元素”，暂停和音调为“动作”，书面sep为“分隔符”。
The "pause" and "tonewait" elements interpretation of the phone-string depends on the specific devices and implementation using the specification. Thus their exact meaning is not mandated in this
电话串的“pause”和“tonewait”元素解释取决于使用规范的特定设备和实现。因此，它们的确切含义在本文件中没有规定
document. The next section provides some examples drawn from common practice. Both "pause" and "tonewait" are case insensitive.
文件下一节将提供一些从常见实践中得出的示例。“pause”和“tonewait”都不区分大小写。
Implementation of "pause" and "tonewait":
“暂停”和“调音”的实施：
- one instance of a "pause" SHOULD be interpreted as a pause of one second between the preceding and succeeding dial string elements;
- “暂停”的一个实例应解释为在前面和后面的拨号字符串元素之间暂停一秒钟；
- a "tonewait" SHOULD be interpreted as a pause that will last until the calling party hears a dial tone or another indication that more dial string characters may be processed. An off-hook indication MAY also be interpreted as this kind of indication (meaning that the audio channel has been opened to the receiving party);
- “tonewait”应解释为暂停，直到主叫方听到拨号音或其他可能处理更多拨号字符串的指示为止。摘机指示也可解释为此类指示（意味着音频通道已向接收方开放）；
- because these characters are not a part of the GSTN subscriber address (telephone number) per se, any dial string characters that succeed either a "pause" or "tonewait" SHOULD be sent using DTMF signalling.
- 由于这些字符本身不是GSTN用户地址（电话号码）的一部分，因此任何在“暂停”或“音调”之后的拨号字符串字符都应使用DTMF信号发送。
The use of written-sep elements is allowed in order to improve human readability of the phone-string. The written-sep are elements which can be placed between dial elements, such as digits etc. Any occurrences of written-sep elements in a phone-string MUST NOT result in any action. Conformant implementations MAY drop or insert written-sep into the phone-string they handle.
允许使用书面sep元素，以提高电话字符串的可读性。写入的sep是可以放置在拨号元素之间的元素，如数字等。在电话字符串中出现任何写入的sep元素都不得导致任何操作。一致性实现可能会在其处理的电话字符串中删除或插入写入的sep。
The phone-string definition is used in the following sections to explicitly describe the encoding of some specific subcases where it applies.
电话字符串定义在以下各节中用于明确描述某些特定子类别的编码。
In order to access a GSTN address, a human or a device must perform a Dial Sequence. Thus, a GSTN address can be represented using the phone-string elements. In particular, diallable E.164 numeric addresses [2] represent a limited subset of all possible GSTN addresses, while the complete complex case needs a full encoding schema, as it also includes a local or private addressing schema.
为了访问GSTN地址，人或设备必须执行拨号序列。因此，可以使用电话字符串元素表示GSTN地址。具体而言，diallable E.164数字地址[2]表示所有可能GSTN地址的有限子集，而完整的复杂情况需要完整的编码模式，因为它还包括本地或专用寻址模式。
In order to describe this distinction and provide anyhow a complete encoding schema, the following definition of "gstn-phone" is provided:
为了描述这一区别并提供完整的编码模式，提供了以下“gstn电话”的定义：
gstn-phone = ( global-phone / local-phone )
gstn-phone = ( global-phone / local-phone )
The purpose of the global-phone element is to represent diallable E.164 numeric addresses. As such, it uses a subset of a phone-string definition only.
全局电话元素的用途是表示可拨打的164个数字地址。因此，它仅使用电话字符串定义的子集。
The syntax for a global-phone element is as follows:
全局phone元素的语法如下所示：
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT / written-sep )
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT / written-sep )
Any other dialling schemes MUST NOT use the leading "+" defined here. The "+" sign is strictly reserved for the standard "global-phone" syntax, and, even if not specifically part of the phone-string definition, it is needed to uniquely label a global-phone.
任何其他拨号方案不得使用此处定义的前导“+”。“+”符号严格用于标准的“全局电话”语法，即使不是电话字符串定义的特定部分，也需要唯一地标记全局电话。
The local-phone element is intended to represent the set of possible cases where the global-phone numbering schema does not apply. Given the different and complex conventions currently being used in the GSTN system, the local-phone definition supports a large number of elements.
local phone元素用于表示全局电话编号模式不适用的一组可能情况。鉴于GSTN系统中目前使用的不同且复杂的约定，本地电话定义支持大量元素。
The detailed syntax for local-phone elements is as follows:
本地电话元素的详细语法如下所示：
local-phone = [ exit-code ] dial-number
local-phone = [ exit-code ] dial-number
local-phone =/ exit-code [ dial-number ]
本地电话=/退出代码[拨号号码]
exit-code = phone-string
; this will include elements such as the digit to
; access outside line, the long distance carrier
; access code, the access password to the service,
; etc...
exit-code = phone-string
; this will include elements such as the digit to
; access outside line, the long distance carrier
; access code, the access password to the service,
; etc...
dial-number = phone-string
; this is in many cases composed of different elements
; such as the local phone number, the area code
; (if needed), the international country code
; (if needed), etc...
dial-number = phone-string
; this is in many cases composed of different elements
; such as the local phone number, the area code
; (if needed), the international country code
; (if needed), etc...
Notes: The "+" character is reserved for use in a global-phone and MUST NOT be used in a local-phone string;
注意：“+”字符保留用于全局电话，不得用于本地电话字符串；
Please note that a local-phone string MUST NOT be a null string, i.e., at least an exit-code, or a dial-number or both MUST be present.
请注意，本地电话字符串不得为空字符串，即至少有一个退出代码，或一个拨号号码，或两者都必须存在。
In GSTN service, there are cases where a subaddress is required to specify the final destination. To specify these subaddresses, a Dial Sequence is also used, and thus the "subaddr-string" can be encoded as:
在GSTN服务中，有时需要子地址来指定最终目的地。为了指定这些子地址，还使用了拨号序列，因此“子地址字符串”可以编码为：
subaddr-string = phone-string
subaddr-string = phone-string
Note: Within actual uses of subaddresses, some specific services can limit the possible set of phone-string elements allowed. In particular, there are ISDN subaddresses [2] [8], which restrict the phone-string elements to 1*( DIGIT / written-sep ) and service specific subaddresses, like the fax service T.33 subaddress [5] [7], which restrict phone-string elements to 1*( DIGIT ).
注意：在子地址的实际使用中，某些特定服务可能会限制允许的电话字符串元素集。特别是，ISDN子地址[2][8]将电话字符串元素限制为1*（数字/写入sep）和特定于服务的子地址，如传真服务T.33子地址[5][7]，将电话字符串元素限制为1*（数字）。
In some cases, after the connection with the destination GSTN device has been established, a further dialling sequence is required to access further services. A typical example is an automated menu-driven service using DTMF sequences. These cases may be represented using the "post-dial" definition below:
在某些情况下，在与目的地GSTN设备建立连接之后，需要进一步的拨号序列来访问进一步的服务。一个典型的例子是使用DTMF序列的自动菜单驱动服务。这些情况可以使用下面的“拨后”定义来表示：
post-dial = phone-string
post-dial = phone-string
In order to clarify the specification we present, here are a limited set of examples. Please note that all the examples are for illustration purposes only.
为了澄清我们提出的规范，这里有一组有限的示例。请注意，所有示例仅用于说明目的。
A GSTN address in Italy, dialled from U.S.A., using local-phone, without written-sep:
意大利的GSTN地址，从美国拨打，使用本地电话，无书面sep：
01139040226338
01139040226338
A GSTN address in Germany, using global-phone and written-sep ".":
德国的GSTN地址，使用全球电话和书面形式：
+49.81.7856345
+49.81.7856345
A GSTN address in U.S.A. using global-phone and written-sep "-":
在美国使用全球电话的GSTN地址，并写上sep“-”：
+1-202-455-7622
+1-202-455-7622
A post-dial sequence, pausing, dialling 1, waiting for dial tone, dialling 7005393, waiting again for dial tone and dialling 373; note the use of four "p" elements (pppp) to specify a longer initial pause:
后拨号顺序，暂停，拨号1，等待拨号音，拨号7005393，再次等待拨号音和拨号373；注意使用四个“p”元素（pppp）来指定更长的初始暂停时间：
pppp1w7005393w373
PP1W7005393W373
A Dial Sequence in Italy (long distance call), using local-phone, with exit-code "9", long distance access "0", area code "40", pause "p" and written-sep ".":
意大利的拨号顺序（长途电话），使用本地电话，出口代码为“9”，长途接入为“0”，区号为“40”，暂停“p”并写入sep“
9p040p22.63.38
9p040p22.63.38
A Dial Sequence using exit-code "0", a wait for dial tone, local-phone for an International "800" toll-free number dialled from Belgium (international prefix "00"), and a post-dial sequence to access a voice mailbox with userID "334422" and Personal Identification Number (PIN) code "1234":
使用出口代码“0”的拨号序列、等待拨号音、从比利时拨打的国际“800”免费电话号码（国际前缀“00”）的本地电话以及使用用户ID“334422”和个人识别码（PIN）代码“1234”访问语音信箱的后拨序列：
0w00800-39380023pp334422p1234
0w00800-39380023PP3344242P1234
This proposal creates a full standard text encoding for Dial Sequences, including GSTN and diallable E.164 addresses, and thus provides a unique common representation method both for standard protocols and applications.
该提案为拨号序列（包括GSTN和diallable.164地址）创建了完整的标准文本编码，从而为标准协议和应用程序提供了独特的通用表示方法。
Some definitions, like these corresponding to an alias of the generic phone-string element, are somewhat a theoretical distinction; however they are useful to provide a more subtle distinction, allowing other specifications to be more exact in a consistent way.
一些定义，如对应于通用phone string元素别名的定义，在某种程度上是理论上的区别；但是，它们有助于提供更细微的区别，从而使其他规范以一致的方式更加精确。
The proposal is consistent with existing standard specifications.
该提案与现有标准规范一致。
This document specifies a means to represent Dial Sequences, which could include GSTN addresses and private codes sequences, like Personal Identification Numbers, to access special services. As these text strings could be transmitted without encoding inside protocols or applications services, this could allow unauthorized people to gain access to these codes. Users SHOULD be provided methods to prevent this disclosure, like code encryption, or masquerading techniques: out-of-band communication of authorization information or use of encrypted data in special fields are the available non-standard techniques.
本文件规定了一种表示拨号序列的方法，可包括GSTN地址和私人代码序列，如个人识别号，以访问特殊服务。由于这些文本字符串可以在协议或应用程序服务中不进行编码的情况下传输，这可能允许未经授权的人访问这些代码。应向用户提供防止此类披露的方法，如代码加密或伪装技术：授权信息的带外通信或在特殊领域使用加密数据是可用的非标准技术。
In this section we provide a summary of ABNF specifications.
在本节中，我们提供ABNF规范的摘要。
phone-string = 1*( DTMF / pause / tonewait / written-sep )
phone-string = 1*( DTMF / pause / tonewait / written-sep )
DTMF = ( DIGIT / "#" / "*" / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" )
DTMF = ( DIGIT / "#" / "*" / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" )
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
pause = "p"
pause = "p"
tonewait = "w"
tonewait = "w"
gstn-phone = ( global-phone / local-phone )
gstn-phone = ( global-phone / local-phone )
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT / written-sep )
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT / written-sep )
local-phone = [ exit-code ] dial-number
local-phone = [ exit-code ] dial-number
local-phone =/ exit-code [ dial-number ]
本地电话=/退出代码[拨号号码]
exit-code = phone-string
exit-code = phone-string
dial-number = phone-string
dial-number = phone-string
subaddr-string = phone-string
subaddr-string = phone-string
post-dial = phone-string
post-dial = phone-string
[1] ETSI I-ETS 300,380 - Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT): Access Devices Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) sender for acoustical coupling to the microphone of a handset telephone (March 1995).
[1] ETSI I-ETS 300380-通用个人电信（UPT）：接入设备，用于与手持电话麦克风进行声学耦合的双音多频（DTMF）发送器（1995年3月）。
[2] ITU E.164 - The International Public Telecommunication Numbering Plan E.164/I.331 (May 1997).
[2] ITU E.164——国际公共电信编号计划E.164/I.331（1997年5月）。
[3] Crocker, D. Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
[3] Crocker，D.Ed.和P.Overell，“语法规范的扩充BNF:ABNF”，RFC 2234，1997年11月。
[4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[4] Bradner，S.，“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，BCP 14，RFC 2119，1997年3月。
[5] ITU T.33 - Facsimile routing utilizing the subaddress; recommendation T.33 (July, 1996).
[5] ITU T.33-使用子地址的传真路由；建议T.33（1996年7月）。
[6] Allocchio, C., "Minimal GSTN address format in Internet Mail", RFC 3191, October 2001.
[6] Allocchio，C.，“互联网邮件中的最小GSTN地址格式”，RFC3191，2001年10月。
[7] Allocchio, C., "Minimal FAX address format in Internet Mail", RFC 3192, October 2001.
[7] Allocchio，C.，“因特网邮件中的最小传真地址格式”，RFC3192，2001年10月。
[8] Allocchio, C., "GSTN Address Element Extensions in E-mail Services", RFC 2846, June 2000.
[8] Allocchio，C.，“电子邮件服务中的GSTN地址元素扩展”，RFC 28462000年6月。
[9] Vaha-Sipila, A., "URLs for Telephone Calls", RFC 2806, April 2000.
[9] Vaha Sipila，A.，“电话呼叫的URL”，RFC 2806，2000年4月。
Claudio Allocchio GARR c/o Sincrotrone Trieste SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza I 34012 Trieste Italy
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