Network Working Group T. Anderson
Request for Comments: 3532 Intel Labs
Category: Informational J. Buerkle
Nortel Networks
May 2003
Network Working Group T. Anderson
Request for Comments: 3532 Intel Labs
Category: Informational J. Buerkle
Nortel Networks
May 2003
Requirements for the Dynamic Partitioning of Switching Elements
开关元件的动态分区要求
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2003年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document identifies a set of requirements for the mechanisms used to dynamically reallocate the resources of a switching element (e.g., an ATM switch) to its partitions. These requirements are particularly critical in the case of an operator creating a switch partition and then leasing control of that partition to a third party.
本文档确定了用于将交换元素（如ATM交换机）的资源动态重新分配到其分区的机制的一组要求。当运营商创建交换机分区，然后将该分区的控制权出租给第三方时，这些要求尤其重要。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Definitions ................................................ 2
2. Introduction ............................................... 3
3. Dynamic Partitioning ....................................... 6
4. Requirements ............................................... 7
5. Security Considerations .................................... 9
6. Intellectual Property Considerations ....................... 9
7. Acknowledgements ........................................... 9
8. Normative References ....................................... 10
9. Informative References ..................................... 10
10. Authors' Addresses ......................................... 10
11. Full Copyright Statement ................................... 11
1. Definitions ................................................ 2
2. Introduction ............................................... 3
3. Dynamic Partitioning ....................................... 6
4. Requirements ............................................... 7
5. Security Considerations .................................... 9
6. Intellectual Property Considerations ....................... 9
7. Acknowledgements ........................................... 9
8. Normative References ....................................... 10
9. Informative References ..................................... 10
10. Authors' Addresses ......................................... 10
11. Full Copyright Statement ................................... 11
In this document, the following definitions will be used.
在本文件中，将使用以下定义。
Switching Element - A device that switches packets (e.g., an ATM switch or MPLS LSR) and whose resources can be divided into partitions, each of which can be independently controlled by a different controller.
交换元件-交换数据包（如ATM交换机或MPLS LSR）的设备，其资源可划分为多个分区，每个分区可由不同的控制器独立控制。
Partition - A partition is a set of switching element (SE) resources. Partitions are also referred to as virtual SEs.
分区-分区是一组交换元素（SE）资源。分区也称为虚拟SEs。
Active Partition - An active partition is a partition in which the resources are in use; either under the direct control of a separate controller or under internal policy-based control.
活动分区-活动分区是资源正在使用的分区；在独立控制人的直接控制下或在基于政策的内部控制下。
Controller - The entity responsible for controlling the operations of an active partition.
控制器-负责控制活动分区操作的实体。
Static Partitioning - In static partitioning, no changes can be made to any active partition's resources without requiring a restart of that partition. Instances of repartitioning in which connections to controllers are disconnected before resources can be reallocated therefore fall into this category.
静态分区-在静态分区中，不需要重新启动任何活动分区，就不能对该分区的资源进行任何更改。因此，在重新分配资源之前断开与控制器的连接的重新分区实例属于此类。
Dynamic Partitioning - In dynamic partitioning, an active partition's resources can be reapportioned without requiring a restart of the partition.
动态分区-在动态分区中，可以重新分配活动分区的资源，而无需重新启动分区。
Frozen Partition - A frozen partition is an active partition that is in the process of being shutdown. A frozen partition's unused resources are relinquished, but all current connections are allowed to remain until removed by the controller. As connections close, the resources are returned to the SE.
冻结分区-冻结分区是处于关闭过程中的活动分区。冻结分区的未使用资源将被放弃，但所有当前连接都允许保留，直到控制器删除为止。当连接关闭时，资源将返回给SE。
Deterministic Partitioning - In deterministic partitioning, each active partition is given an allotted quantity of each resource. The usage of resources in one active partition does not influence the resources available to another active partition. All discussions in these requirements presuppose the use of deterministic partitioning.
确定性分区-在确定性分区中，为每个活动分区分配每个资源的数量。一个活动分区中资源的使用不会影响另一个活动分区可用的资源。这些需求中的所有讨论都以使用确定性分区为前提。
Statistical Partitioning - In statistical partitioning, some or all resources are pooled among the active partitions, and allocations may be based on percentages or on some other metric. Discussion of statistical partitions is outside the scope of these requirements.
统计分区-在统计分区中，部分或所有资源在活动分区之间汇集，分配可能基于百分比或其他指标。关于统计分区的讨论超出了这些要求的范围。
Proactive Notification - A proactive notification is a message sent from a SE to its controller at the time an event occurs. Specifically, if a SE asynchronously sends the controller a message when it is dynamically partitioned, we say that the SE has proactively notified its controller of the resource reapportionment.
主动通知-主动通知是在事件发生时从SE发送到其控制器的消息。具体地说，如果SE在动态分区时异步向控制器发送消息，我们称SE已主动通知其控制器资源重新分配。
Explicit Reactive Notification - In explicit reactive notification, the SE does not asynchronously send a message when dynamic partitioning occurs. Instead, the SE includes an explicit, resources-reassigned error code in the response to a subsequent request by the controller for an unavailable resource.
显式响应通知-在显式响应通知中，当动态分区发生时，SE不会异步发送消息。相反，SE在控制器对不可用资源的后续请求的响应中包含一个明确的资源重新分配错误代码。
Implicit Reactive Notification - This is similar to an Explicit Reactive Notification except that the protocol does not contain any explicit resources-reassigned error codes. In this case, all that the SE can do is to indicate that some general, unknown error or generic resource error (i.e., some resource error problem has occurred but the exact cause is not specified) has occurred when the controller attempts to use unavailable resources. In such cases, the controller may attempt to determine whether a resource shortfall caused the error by using whatever messages are available through the control protocol to query available resources.
隐式响应通知-这类似于显式响应通知，只是协议不包含任何显式资源重新分配错误代码。在这种情况下，SE所能做的就是指出当控制器试图使用不可用资源时，发生了一些一般性的、未知的错误或一般性的资源错误（即，发生了一些资源错误问题，但没有指定确切的原因）。在这种情况下，控制器可尝试通过使用通过控制协议可用的任何消息来查询可用资源来确定资源短缺是否导致错误。
This document identifies the logical entities involved in the partitioning of switching elements. Furthermore, this document provides a set of requirements for the behavior of these logical entities as well as the protocols used by these logical entities to communicate with one another. A primary goal of the requirements specified herein is to allow the resources allocated to a partition to be increased or decreased while the partition is currently active (i.e., it has an active connection with a controller). This document is primarily intended to facilitate the partitioning of GSMP switches. However, while we believe that the logical entities and requirements specified here are necessary for the partitioning of non-GSMP switches and (longest prefix match) forwarders (e.g., routers), we do not believe that these requirements are necessarily sufficient for the partitioning of those devices.
本文档确定了交换元件分区中涉及的逻辑实体。此外，本文档还提供了这些逻辑实体的行为以及这些逻辑实体用于相互通信的协议的一组要求。本文规定的需求的主要目标是允许分配给分区的资源在该分区当前处于活动状态时增加或减少（即，该分区与控制器具有活动连接）。本文档主要用于促进GSMP交换机的分区。然而，尽管我们认为此处指定的逻辑实体和要求对于非GSMP交换机和（最长前缀匹配）转发器（例如路由器）的分区是必要的，但我们不认为这些要求对于这些设备的分区是必要的。
Three logical entities are involved in the partitioning and control of a SE. First, a switching element (for the purposes of this document) is a device that "switches" packets, whose resources can be partitioned and whose partitions can each be controlled by a single controller. This partitioning also implies the ability to enforce this division of resources between competing partitions. Second, the
SE的分区和控制涉及三个逻辑实体。首先，交换元件（为了本文档的目的）是“交换”数据包的设备，其资源可以被分区，并且其分区可以由单个控制器控制。这种分区还意味着在相互竞争的分区之间执行这种资源划分的能力。其次是
partition manager (PM) is a management entity that specifies the number of virtual SEs into which the SE should be partitioned and the resources to be allocated to each virtual SE. Lastly, a controller directs the use of the resources of one or more partitions to provide a set of services.
分区管理器（PM）是一个管理实体，指定应将SE分区到其中的虚拟SE的数量以及要分配给每个虚拟SE的资源。最后，控制器指导使用一个或多个分区的资源来提供一组服务。
In the rest of this document, we will deal exclusively with logical entities although it is worth noting here that there are many possible mappings of logical entities to physical entities. For example, there may be multiple logical controllers running on a single physical processor (and for convenience we may refer to this processor as a physical controller). Conversely, a single logical controller could consist of processes running on multiple physical processors collaborating to provide proper control. Likewise, there may be multiple partition managers running on a single management workstation. A switching element may consist of one or more whole or fractional physical elements. For example, a SE may be a single whole physical switch (e.g., blade in a chassis), multiple whole physical switches (e.g., two blades in a chassis made to appear as a single logical entity), a single fraction of a physical switch (which would enable nested partitions), or multiple fractions of either the same or different physical switches (e.g., ports 1-3 on blade 1 and ports 2-4 on blade 2). Finally, any combination of these logical entities could theoretically be co-located on the same physical resources.
在本文档的其余部分中，我们将专门讨论逻辑实体，尽管这里值得注意的是，有许多可能的逻辑实体到物理实体的映射。例如，可能有多个逻辑控制器在单个物理处理器上运行（为了方便起见，我们可以将该处理器称为物理控制器）。相反，一个逻辑控制器可以由多个物理处理器上运行的进程组成，这些进程协作提供适当的控制。同样，可能有多个分区管理器在单个管理工作站上运行。开关元件可以由一个或多个完整或部分物理元件组成。例如，SE可以是单个完整物理交换机（例如，机箱中的刀片）、多个完整物理交换机（例如，机箱中的两个刀片显示为单个逻辑实体）、物理交换机的单个部分（可启用嵌套分区）或相同或不同物理交换机的多个部分（例如，刀片1上的端口1-3和刀片2上的端口2-4）。最后，理论上，这些逻辑实体的任何组合都可以位于同一物理资源上。
However, for many reasons, the physical realm often reflects this logical division of functionality. To facilitate this division, several protocols, such as MEGACO [RFC3015] and GSMP [RFC3292], exist that allow control functionality to be physically separated from switching functionality. Recently, some regulatory environments have mandated multi-provider access to a single physical infrastructure. To satisfy these regulations, a common use of partitioning will be for the owner of the SE to partition the SE into several virtual SEs and then to lease these to third parties. In this case, the PM will likely be physically separate from all of the controllers. For locality (and therefore ease) of management, SEs will be remotely configurable and thus the PM will be physically separated from the SE. The following illustration depicts this arrangement. The dashed lines indicate interactions between the entities and are labeled with the cardinality of the relationship between the entities.
然而，由于许多原因，物理领域往往反映了这种功能的逻辑划分。为了促进这一划分，存在一些协议，如MEGACO[RFC3015]和GSMP[RFC3292]，允许控制功能与切换功能物理分离。最近，一些管理环境强制要求多提供商访问单个物理基础架构。为了满足这些规定，划分的一个常见用途是SE的所有者将SE划分为多个虚拟SE，然后将这些虚拟SE出租给第三方。在这种情况下，PM可能在物理上与所有控制器分离。为了便于管理，SEs将可远程配置，因此PM将与SE物理分离。下图描述了这种安排。虚线表示实体之间的交互，并标有实体之间关系的基数。
------------------ -------------------
| | * * | |
| Partition |-------------| Controller |
| Manager | C | |
------------------ -------------------
1 \ / *
\ /
\ A B /
\ /
* \ / *
------------/------
| --------/--- |
| |Partition | |
| | | |
| ------------ |
|Switching element|
-------------------
------------------ -------------------
| | * * | |
| Partition |-------------| Controller |
| Manager | C | |
------------------ -------------------
1 \ / *
\ /
\ A B /
\ /
* \ / *
------------/------
| --------/--- |
| |Partition | |
| | | |
| ------------ |
|Switching element|
-------------------
Interaction A is one in which the PM partitions the SE and allocates resources to the partitions it creates. There is a one-to-many relationship between PMs and SEs. In order to support dynamic partitioning, this document will place certain requirements on proposed (or new) solutions in this space.
交互A是PM对SE进行分区并将资源分配给它创建的分区的交互。PMs和SEs之间存在一对多关系。为了支持动态分区，本文档将对该空间中提出的（或新的）解决方案提出某些要求。
Interaction B is one in which the controller configures and manages an active partition. Current protocols implementing this interaction include GSMP [RFC3292] and MEGACO [RFC3015]. These protocols allow a many-to-many relationship between controller and partition.
交互B是控制器配置和管理活动分区的交互。实现这种交互的当前协议包括GSMP[RFC3292]和MEGACO[RFC3015]。这些协议允许控制器和分区之间存在多对多关系。
Interaction C is one by which a PM and a controller could communicate to alter the nature of an active partition. There is a many-to-many relationship between PMs and controllers. For example, there are multiple PMs per controller in the case where a controller is managing two partitions from different SEs and there are multiple controllers per PM in the case where a SE has two partitions each managed by a different controller. Possible types of interactions between PM and controller include:
交互C是PM和控制器可以通过通信来改变活动分区的性质的交互。PMs和控制器之间存在多对多关系。例如，在控制器管理来自不同SE的两个分区的情况下，每个控制器有多个PM；在SE有两个分区各自由不同控制器管理的情况下，每个PM有多个控制器。PM和控制器之间可能的交互类型包括：
- A controller could request that the resources of one of its active partitions be altered; either increased or decreased.
- 控制器可以请求更改其活动分区之一的资源；增加或减少。
- The PM could respond to a controller request for altered resource levels.
- PM可以响应控制器更改资源级别的请求。
- The PM could request that a controller release resources currently allocated to one of its active partitions. This could involve the following types of request:
- PM可以请求控制器释放当前分配给其活动分区之一的资源。这可能涉及以下类型的请求：
- A request to relinquish allocated, but currently unused resources. That is to put a freeze on additional use of the specified resources.
- 放弃已分配但当前未使用的资源的请求。即冻结对指定资源的额外使用。
- A request to relinquish used resources.
- 放弃已用资源的请求。
- A request to relinquish an active partition. That is a request that a controller release control of an active partition.
- 放弃活动分区的请求。这是控制器释放活动分区控制权的请求。
- The controller's response to a PM request.
- 控制器对PM请求的响应。
As far as the authors know, no proposed standard solutions currently exist for interactions of type C.
据作者所知，目前还没有针对C型相互作用提出的标准解决方案。
Static repartitioning of a SE can be a costly and inefficient process. First, before static repartitioning can take place, all existing connections with controllers for the affected partitions must be severed. (This severing must always occur even if the resources to be reapportioned are not currently in use.) When this happens, the SE will typically release all the state configured by the controller. Then, the virtual SE must be placed in the "down" state while the repartitioning takes place. Once the repartitioning is completed, the partitions are placed in the "up" state and the controllers are allowed to reconnect to the partitions. Then, the controllers can reestablish state in those partitions. Thus, static repartitioning results in a period of downtime and a period in which the controllers are reestablishing state for affected partitions. Partitions of a SE that are not affected by a static resource reallocation need not be transitioned to the down state nor would controllers have to reestablish state with unaffected partitions.
SE的静态重新分区可能是一个成本高昂且效率低下的过程。首先，在进行静态重新分区之前，必须断开与受影响分区的控制器的所有现有连接。（即使当前未使用要重新分配的资源，也必须始终发生此切断。）发生此情况时，SE通常会释放控制器配置的所有状态。然后，在进行重新分区时，必须将虚拟SE置于“关闭”状态。完成重新分区后，分区将处于“up”状态，并且允许控制器重新连接到分区。然后，控制器可以在这些分区中重新建立状态。因此，静态重新分区会导致一段停机时间和控制器重新建立受影响分区状态的时间。SE中不受静态资源重新分配影响的分区不需要转换为关闭状态，控制器也不必使用未受影响的分区重新建立状态。
Therefore, dynamic partitioning is to be preferred to static partitioning since it avoids the downtime and loss of state associated with static partitioning. However, a different set of potential problems exists for dynamic partitioning. Some questions to be answered include the following:
因此，动态分区优于静态分区，因为它避免了与静态分区相关的停机时间和状态丢失。然而，动态分区存在一组不同的潜在问题。需要回答的问题包括：
- How is the controller notified of an increase or decrease in resources?
- 如何通知财务总监资源的增加或减少？
- What should happen when the PM would like to decrease the resources allocated to a partition but those resources are in use?
- 当PM希望减少分配给分区的资源，但这些资源正在使用时，会发生什么情况？
This document does not attempt to answer the preceding questions but instead defines a set of requirements that any solution to these problems MUST satisfy.
本文件不试图回答上述问题，而是定义了一组要求，这些问题的任何解决方案都必须满足这些要求。
1. There MUST be a mechanism by which a PM can create virtual SEs on the SE and allocate SE resources to those virtual SEs.
1. 必须有一种机制，PM可以通过该机制在SE上创建虚拟SE，并将SE资源分配给这些虚拟SE。
2. SEs MUST ensure that controllers do not use more resources than those currently allocated to each virtual SE. Therefore, each control protocol MUST provide either an explicit reactive notification or an implicit reactive notification to indicate resource exhaustion.
2. SE必须确保控制器使用的资源不会超过当前分配给每个虚拟SE的资源。因此，每个控制协议必须提供显式响应通知或隐式响应通知，以指示资源耗尽。
3. Furthermore, there MUST be a mechanism by which a PM can partition all resources discoverable through GSMP (e.g., label tables). Partitioning of resources used by GSMP indirectly (e.g., CPU), resources used by non-GSMP switches, or resources (e.g., forwarding table entries) used by forwarding-based network elements MAY be supported.
3. 此外，必须有一种机制，通过该机制，PM可以对通过GSMP发现的所有资源进行分区（例如，标签表）。可以支持对GSMP间接使用的资源（例如，CPU）、非GSMP交换机使用的资源或基于转发的网络元件使用的资源（例如，转发表条目）进行分区。
4. If a PM instructs a SE to release resources allocated to an active partition and if any of those resources are currently in use, the SE MUST deny the PM's request. (Requirement #8 addresses the potential starvation issues raised by this requirement.)
4. 如果PM指示SE释放分配给活动分区的资源，并且这些资源中的任何一个当前正在使用，SE必须拒绝PM的请求。（要求#8解决了该要求提出的潜在饥饿问题。）
5. Subsequent to a resource reallocation failure, the PM SHOULD make use of one or both of the capabilities described in requirements 6 and 7.
5. 资源重新分配失败后，PM应使用需求6和7中描述的一种或两种能力。
6. A PM SHOULD be able to tell a SE to make an active partition into a frozen partition.
6. PM应该能够告诉SE将活动分区变成冻结分区。
7. A PM SHOULD be able to contact the controller to ask it to reduce its resource utilization.
7. PM应能够联系控制器，要求其降低资源利用率。
8. The PM MUST be able to exercise "power on/off" type control of the virtual SEs that it has created. When the virtual power to an active partition is turned off, the partition becomes inactive and any controllers associated with that partition are disconnected. This capability allows a PM to resort to static partitioning when a controller is uncooperative about releasing resources. This requirement allows permanent starvation as a result of requirement #4 to be avoided.
8. PM必须能够对其创建的虚拟SEs实施“通电/断电”类型的控制。当活动分区的虚拟电源关闭时，该分区将变为非活动，并且与该分区关联的所有控制器都将断开连接。此功能允许PM在控制器不合作释放资源时求助于静态分区。该要求允许避免因第4项要求而导致的永久性饥饿。
9. During dynamic repartitioning, a SE MUST maintain all existing state associated with the partitions being modified.
9. 在动态重新分区期间，SE必须维护与正在修改的分区关联的所有现有状态。
10. Control protocols SHOULD NOT include any mechanism by which a SE can ask its controller to reduce its resource usage.
10. 控制协议不应包括SE可以要求其控制器减少其资源使用的任何机制。
11. Control protocols MAY contain proactive resource notification messages by which a SE could instantaneously inform the controller of an increase or decrease in resources. (We do not specifically require control protocols to contain proactive notifications because all control protocols must already have explicit or implicit reactive notifications as mentioned in requirement #2).
11. 控制协议可包含主动资源通知消息，通过该消息，SE可即时通知控制器资源的增加或减少。（我们并不特别要求控制协议包含主动通知，因为所有控制协议都必须已经具有需求#2中提到的显式或隐式反应通知）。
12. A PM MAY directly inform a controller of a change in virtual SE resources rather than rely on the implicit resource exhaustion mechanism of the control protocol.
12. PM可以直接通知控制器虚拟SE资源的变化，而不是依赖于控制协议的隐式资源耗尽机制。
13. SEs MAY inform the PM of resource exhaustion on a particular partition.
13. SEs可以通知PM特定分区上的资源耗尽。
14. A controller MAY ask the PM for further resources or a reduction in existing resources.
14. 管制员可要求PM提供更多资源或减少现有资源。
15. To support the automation of interaction between the PM and attached controllers, the PM MUST be able to determine from the SE the addresses of the controllers that are currently attached to a virtual SE. Additionally, the SE MAY allow the PM to determine which control protocol (and version thereof) is currently managing each active partition.
15. 为了支持PM和连接的控制器之间交互的自动化，PM必须能够从SE确定当前连接到虚拟SE的控制器的地址。此外，SE可允许PM确定哪个控制协议（及其版本）当前正在管理每个活动分区。
16. A SE MAY support the ability to have one virtual SE provide a service to another virtual SE within the same physical SE. For example, a SE may be configured to provide a virtual link between two virtual SEs. Furthermore:
16. SE可以支持让一个虚拟SE向同一物理SE内的另一个虚拟SE提供服务的能力。例如，SE可被配置为在两个虚拟SE之间提供虚拟链路。此外：
a. There MUST be a mechanism by which the SE can inform the PM which of these partition-to-partition services are provided by the SE.
a. 必须有一种机制，通过该机制，SE可以通知PM哪些分区到分区服务是由SE提供的。
b. There MUST be a mechanism by which the PM can configure the available partition-to-partition services.
b. 必须有一种机制，PM可以通过该机制配置可用的分区到分区服务。
c. If the configuration of a partition-to-partition service results in a virtual port being added/removed from a virtual SE, the SE MUST notify all controllers attached to that virtual SE (assuming that the corresponding control protocol supports such notifications).
c. 如果分区到分区服务的配置导致从虚拟SE添加/删除虚拟端口，则SE必须通知连接到该虚拟SE的所有控制器（假设相应的控制协议支持此类通知）。
17. There MUST be a mechanism by which a PM can query a SE to determine the resources of that SE, the partitions currently configured on that SE and the resources allocated to each partition.
17. 必须有一种机制，PM可以通过该机制查询SE以确定该SE的资源、该SE上当前配置的分区以及分配给每个分区的资源。
Only authorized PMs MUST be allowed to dynamically repartition a SE. Therefore, SEs MUST use a secure process by which an authorized entity may instruct the SE as to which PM should control it. This instruction MAY specify the PM explicitly or MAY specify the use of a (discovery) protocol to dynamically locate the PM. Similarly, only the PM (or an authorized agent of the PM) that is authorized to partition a SE MUST be allowed to contact controllers to request that they decrease their resources or inform them that their resources have been increased. Likewise, the PM MUST verify and authenticate that any requests for additional/fewer resources for a virtual SE have come from a controller authorized to control the specified virtual SE.
必须仅允许授权PM动态重新分配SE。因此，SE必须使用安全流程，授权实体可通过该流程指示SE由哪个PM控制。此指令可以明确指定PM，也可以指定使用（发现）协议来动态定位PM。类似地，只有被授权划分SE的PM（或PM的授权代理）才能联系控制器，请求其减少资源或通知其资源已增加。类似地，PM必须验证和验证对虚拟SE额外/更少资源的任何请求是否来自授权控制指定虚拟SE的控制器。
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director.
IETF邀请任何相关方提请其注意任何版权、专利或专利申请，或其他可能涉及实施本标准所需技术的专有权利。请将信息发送给IETF执行董事。
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Avri Doria and Jonathan Sadler to this document.
作者要感谢Avri Doria和Jonathan Sadler对本文件的贡献。
[RFC2119] Bradner, S. "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2119]Bradner，S.“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，BCP 14，RFC 2119，1997年3月。
[RFC3292] Doria, A., Hellstrand, F., Sundell, K. and T. Worster, "General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) V3", RFC 3292, June 2002.
[RFC3292]Doria，A.，Hellstrand，F.，Sundell，K.和T.Worster，“通用交换机管理协议（GSMP）V3”，RFC 3292，2002年6月。
[RFC3015] Cuervo, F., Greene, N., Rayhan, A., Huitema, C., Rosem, B. and J. Segers, "Megaco Protocol 1.0," RFC 3015, November 2000.
[RFC3015]Cuervo，F.，Greene，N.，Rayhan，A.，Huitema，C.，Rosem，B.和J.Segers，“Megaco协议1.0”，RFC 3015，2000年11月。
Todd A. Anderson Intel Labs JF2-60 2111 NE 25th Avenue Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA
托德·安德森英特尔实验室JF2-60 2111美国希尔斯伯勒东北25大道，邮编：97124
Phone: +1 503 712 1760
EMail: todd.a.anderson@intel.com
Phone: +1 503 712 1760
EMail: todd.a.anderson@intel.com
Joachim Buerkle Nortel Networks Germany GmbH & Co. KG Hahnstrasse 37-39 60528 Frankfurt
Joachim Buerkle Nortel Networks Germany GmbH&Co.KG Hahnstrasse 37-39 60528法兰克福
Phone: ++49 (0)69 6697 3281
EMail: joachim.buerkle@nortelnetworks.com
Phone: ++49 (0)69 6697 3281
EMail: joachim.buerkle@nortelnetworks.com
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Acknowledgement
确认
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