Network Working Group N. Charlton
Request for Comments: 3351 Millpark
Category: Informational M. Gasson
Koru Solutions
G. Gybels
M. Spanner
RNID
A. van Wijk
Ericsson
August 2002
Network Working Group N. Charlton
Request for Comments: 3351 Millpark
Category: Informational M. Gasson
Koru Solutions
G. Gybels
M. Spanner
RNID
A. van Wijk
Ericsson
August 2002
User Requirements for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) in Support of Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Speech-impaired Individuals
支持聋人、重听人和言语障碍者的会话启动协议（SIP）的用户要求
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2002年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document presents a set of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) user requirements that support communications for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired individuals. These user requirements address the current difficulties of deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired individuals in using communications facilities, while acknowledging the multi-functional potential of SIP-based communications.
本文档介绍了一组会话启动协议（SIP）用户需求，支持聋人、重听人和言语障碍者的通信。这些用户需求解决了聋人、重听人和言语障碍者在使用通信设施方面的当前困难，同时承认基于SIP的通信的多功能潜力。
A number of issues related to these user requirements are further raised in this document.
本文件进一步提出了与这些用户需求相关的一些问题。
Also included are some real world scenarios and some technical requirements to show the robustness of these requirements on a concept-level.
还包括一些真实场景和一些技术需求，以显示这些需求在概念层面上的健壮性。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Terminology and Conventions Used in this Document................2
2. Introduction.....................................................3
3. Purpose and Scope................................................4
4. Background.......................................................4
5. Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Speech-impaired Requirements for SIP...5
5.1 Connection without Difficulty................................5
5.2 User Profile.................................................6
5.3 Intelligent Gateways.........................................6
5.4 Inclusive Design.............................................7
5.5 Resource Management..........................................7
5.6 Confidentiality and Security.................................7
6. Some Real World Scenarios........................................8
6.1 Transcoding Service..........................................8
6.2 Media Service Provider.......................................9
6.3 Sign Language Interface......................................9
6.4 Synthetic Lip-reading Support for Voice Calls...............10
6.5 Voice-Activated Menu Systems................................10
6.6 Conference Call.............................................11
7. Some Suggestions for Service Providers and User Agent
Manufacturers...................................................13
8. Acknowledgements................................................14
Security Considerations.........................................14
Normative References............................................15
Informational References........................................15
Author's Addresses..............................................15
Full Copyright Statement........................................17
1. Terminology and Conventions Used in this Document................2
2. Introduction.....................................................3
3. Purpose and Scope................................................4
4. Background.......................................................4
5. Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Speech-impaired Requirements for SIP...5
5.1 Connection without Difficulty................................5
5.2 User Profile.................................................6
5.3 Intelligent Gateways.........................................6
5.4 Inclusive Design.............................................7
5.5 Resource Management..........................................7
5.6 Confidentiality and Security.................................7
6. Some Real World Scenarios........................................8
6.1 Transcoding Service..........................................8
6.2 Media Service Provider.......................................9
6.3 Sign Language Interface......................................9
6.4 Synthetic Lip-reading Support for Voice Calls...............10
6.5 Voice-Activated Menu Systems................................10
6.6 Conference Call.............................................11
7. Some Suggestions for Service Providers and User Agent
Manufacturers...................................................13
8. Acknowledgements................................................14
Security Considerations.........................................14
Normative References............................................15
Informational References........................................15
Author's Addresses..............................................15
Full Copyright Statement........................................17
In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT","REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC2119[1] and indicate requirement levels for compliant SIP implementations.
在本文件中，关键词“必须”、“不得”、“要求”、“应”、“不应”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“可”和“可选”将按照BCP 14、RFC2119[1]中的描述进行解释，并表示符合SIP实施的要求级别。
For the purposes of this document, the following terms are considered to have these meanings:
在本文件中，以下术语被视为具有以下含义：
Abilities: A person's capacity for communicating which could include a hearing or speech impairment or not. The terms Abilities and Preferences apply to both caller and call-recipient.
能力：一个人的沟通能力，可能包括听力或言语障碍，也可能不包括。术语“能力”和“偏好”适用于呼叫者和呼叫接收者。
Preferences: A person's choice of communication mode. This could include any combination of media streams, e.g., text, audio, video.
偏好：一个人对沟通方式的选择。这可以包括媒体流的任何组合，例如文本、音频、视频。
The terms Abilities and Preferences apply to both caller and call-recipient.
术语“能力”和“偏好”适用于呼叫者和呼叫接收者。
Relay Service: A third-party or intermediary that enables communications between deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people, and people without hearing or speech-impairment. Relay Services form a subset of the activities of Transcoding Services (see definition).
接力服务：第三方或中介机构，使聋人、重听人和言语障碍者以及无听力或言语障碍者之间能够进行交流。中继服务构成代码转换服务活动的子集（参见定义）。
Transcoding Services: A human or automated third party acting as an intermediary in any session between two other User Agents (being a User Agent itself), and transcoding one stream into another (e.g., voice to text or vice versa).
代码转换服务：在两个其他用户代理（即用户代理本身）之间的任何会话中充当中介的人工或自动第三方，并将一个流转换为另一个流（例如，语音转换为文本，反之亦然）。
Textphone: Sometimes called a TTY (teletypewriter), TDD (telecommunications device for the deaf) or a minicom, a textphone enables a deaf, hard of hearing or speech-impaired person to place a call to a telephone or another textphone. Some textphones use the V.18[3] protocol as a standard for communication with other textphone communication protocols world-wide.
文本电话：有时被称为TTY（电传打字机）、TDD（聋人通信设备）或minicom，文本电话使聋人、听力障碍者或言语障碍者能够拨打电话或其他文本电话。一些短信电话使用V.18[3]协议作为与全球其他短信电话通信协议通信的标准。
User: A deaf, hard of hearing or speech-impaired individual. A user is otherwise referred to as a person or individual, and users are referred to as people.
使用者：耳聋、听力障碍或言语障碍者。用户在其他方面称为个人或个人，用户称为人。
Note: For the purposes of this document, a deaf, hard of hearing, or speech-impaired person is an individual who chooses to use SIP because it can minimize or eliminate constraints in using common communication devices. As SIP promises a total communication solution for any kind of person, regardless of ability and preference, there is no attempt to specifically define deaf, hard of hearing or speech-impaired in this document.
注：就本文件而言，聋人、重听人或言语障碍者是指选择使用SIP的个人，因为它可以最大限度地减少或消除使用普通通信设备的限制。由于SIP承诺为任何类型的人提供全面的通信解决方案，无论他们的能力和偏好如何，因此本文档中没有对聋哑人、听力障碍者或言语障碍者进行具体定义。
The background for this document is the recent development of SIP[2] and SIP-based communications, and a growing awareness of deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired issues in the technical community.
本文件的背景是SIP[2]和基于SIP的通信的最新发展，以及技术界对聋人、重听人和言语障碍问题的日益认识。
The SIP capacity to simplify setting up, managing and tearing down communication sessions between all kinds of User Agents has specific implications for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired individuals.
SIP能够简化各种用户代理之间的通信会话的设置、管理和中断，这对聋哑人、重听人和言语障碍者有着特殊的意义。
As SIP enables multiple sessions with translation between multiple types of media, these requirements aim to provide the standard for recognizing and enabling these interactions, and for a communications model that includes any and all types of SIP-networking abilities and preferences.
由于SIP支持在多种类型的媒体之间进行转换的多个会话，这些要求旨在提供识别和启用这些交互的标准，以及包括任何和所有类型的SIP网络能力和首选项的通信模型。
The scope of this document is firstly to present a current set of user requirements for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired individuals through SIP-enabled communications. These are then followed by some real world scenarios in SIP-communications that could be used in a test environment, and some concepts of how these requirements can be developed by service providers and User Agent manufacturers.
本文件的范围首先是通过支持SIP的通信为聋人、重听人和言语障碍者提供一套当前的用户需求。然后是SIP通信中可在测试环境中使用的一些真实场景，以及服务提供商和用户代理制造商如何开发这些需求的一些概念。
These recommendations make explicit the needs of a currently often disadvantaged user-group and attempt to match them with the capacity of SIP. It is not the intention here to prioritize the needs of deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people in a way that would penalize other individuals.
这些建议明确了当前处于不利地位的用户群体的需求，并试图将其与SIP的容量相匹配。这里的目的不是以惩罚其他人的方式优先考虑聋人、重听人和言语障碍者的需求。
These requirements aim to encourage developers and manufacturers world-wide to consider the specific needs of deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired individuals. This document presents a world-vision where deafness, hard of hearing or speech impairment are no longer a barrier to communication.
这些要求旨在鼓励全世界的开发者和制造商考虑聋哑人、听力障碍者和言语受损者的特定需求。本文件提出了一个世界愿景，即耳聋、重听或言语障碍不再是沟通障碍。
Deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people are currently often unable to use commonly available communication devices. Although this is documented[4], this does not mean that developers or manufacturers are always aware of this. Communication devices for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people are currently often primitive in design, expensive, and non-compatible with progressively designed, cheaper and more adaptable communication devices for other individuals. For example, many models of textphone are unable to communicate with other models.
聋人、重听人和言语障碍者目前通常无法使用常用的通信设备。尽管这已被记录在案[4]，但这并不意味着开发人员或制造商总是意识到这一点。目前，针对聋哑人、重听人和言语障碍者的通信设备通常设计简陋、价格昂贵，并且与针对其他人的逐步设计、价格低廉和适应性更强的通信设备不兼容。例如，许多型号的textphone无法与其他型号进行通信。
Additionally, non-technical human communications, for example sign languages or lip-reading, are non-standard around the world.
此外，非技术性的人类交流，例如手语或唇读，在全世界都是非标准的。
There are intermediary or third-party relay services (e.g. transcoding services) that facilitate communications, uni- or bi-directional, for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people. Currently relay services are mostly operator-assisted (manual), although methods of partial automation are being implemented in some areas. These services enable full access to modern facilities and conveniences for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people. Although these services are somewhat limited, their value is undeniable as compared to their previous complete unavailability.
有中介或第三方接力服务（例如转码服务），为聋人、听力障碍者和言语障碍者提供单向或双向通信。目前，中继服务主要由操作员辅助（手动），尽管部分地区正在实施部分自动化方法。这些服务使聋人、重听人和言语障碍者能够充分利用现代设施和便利。尽管这些服务有些有限，但与以前完全不可用相比，它们的价值是不可否认的。
Yet communication methods in recent decades have proliferated: email, mobile phones, video streaming, etc. These methods are an advance in the development of data transfer technologies between devices.
然而，近几十年来，通信方法激增：电子邮件、移动电话、视频流等。这些方法是设备间数据传输技术发展的一个进步。
Developers and advocates of SIP agree that it is a protocol that not only anticipates the growth in real-time communications between convergent networks, but also fulfills the potential of the Internet as a communications and information forum. Further, they agree that these developments allow a standard of communication that can be applied throughout all networking communities, regardless of abilities and preferences.
SIP的开发者和拥护者一致认为，它是一种协议，不仅可以预测融合网络之间实时通信的增长，还可以实现互联网作为通信和信息论坛的潜力。此外，他们同意，这些发展使通信标准可以应用于所有网络社区，无论其能力和偏好如何。
Introduction
介绍
The user requirements in this section are provided for the benefit of service providers, User Agent manufacturers and any other interested parties in the development of products and services for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people.
本节中的用户需求是为了服务提供商、用户代理制造商以及为聋人、重听人和言语障碍者开发产品和服务的任何其他利益相关方的利益而提供的。
The user requirements are as follows:
用户要求如下：
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
Whatever the preferences and abilities of the user and User Agent, there SHOULD be no difficulty in setting up SIP sessions. These sessions could include multiple proxies, call routing decisions, transcoding services, e.g., the relay service Typetalk[5] or other media processing, and could include multiple simultaneous or alternative media streams.
无论用户和用户代理的偏好和能力如何，设置SIP会话应该不会有困难。这些会话可以包括多个代理、呼叫路由决策、转码服务（例如，中继服务Typetalk[5]）或其他媒体处理，并且可以包括多个同时或备选媒体流。
This means that any User Agent in the conversation (including transcoding services) MUST be able to add or remove a media stream from the call without having to tear it down and re-establish it.
这意味着会话中的任何用户代理（包括转码服务）都必须能够从呼叫中添加或删除媒体流，而无需将其拆下并重新建立。
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
Deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired user abilities and preferences (i.e., user profile) MUST be communicable by SIP, and these abilities and preferences MUST determine the handling of the session.
聋哑人、听力障碍者和言语障碍者的用户能力和偏好（即用户配置文件）必须可通过SIP进行通信，并且这些能力和偏好必须决定会话的处理。
The User Profile for a deaf, hard of hearing or speech-impaired person might include details about:
聋人、重听人或言语障碍者的用户档案可能包括以下详细信息：
- How media streams are received and transmitted (text, voice, video, or any combination, uni- or bi-directional).
- 媒体流的接收和传输方式（文本、语音、视频或任何组合，单向或双向）。
- Redirecting specific media streams through a transcoding service (e.g., the relay service Typetalk)
- 通过转码服务（例如中继服务Typetalk）重定向特定媒体流
- Roaming (e.g., a deaf person accessing their User Profile from a web-interface at an Internet cafe)
- 漫游（例如，聋人从网吧的web界面访问其用户配置文件）
- Anonymity: i.e., not revealing that a deaf person is calling, even through a transcoding service (e.g., some relay services inform the call-recipient that there is an incoming text call without saying that a deaf person is calling).
- 匿名性：即，即使通过转码服务，也不透露聋人正在呼叫（例如，一些中继服务通知呼叫接收者有传入的文本呼叫，而不说聋人正在呼叫）。
Part of this requirement is to ensure that deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people can keep their preferences and abilities confidential from others, to avoid possible discrimination or prejudice, while still being able to establish a SIP session.
这项要求的一部分是确保聋人、重听人和言语障碍者能够对他人保密自己的偏好和能力，以避免可能的歧视或偏见，同时仍然能够建立SIP会话。
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
SIP SHOULD support a class of User Agents to perform as gateways for legacy systems designed for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people.
SIP应支持一类用户代理，作为为聋哑人、重听人和言语障碍者设计的遗留系统的网关。
For example, an individual could have a SIP User Agent acting as a gateway to a PSTN legacy textphone.
例如，个人可以使用SIP用户代理作为PSTN传统文本电话的网关。
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
Where applicable, design concepts for communications (devices, applications, etc.) MUST include the abilities and preferences of deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people.
在适用的情况下，通信设计概念（设备、应用程序等）必须包括聋人、听力障碍者和言语障碍者的能力和偏好。
Transcoding services and User Agents MUST be able to connect with each other regardless of the provider or manufacturer. This means that new User Agents MUST be able to support legacy protocols through appropriate gateways.
代码转换服务和用户代理必须能够相互连接，而不考虑提供商或制造商。这意味着新的用户代理必须能够通过适当的网关支持遗留协议。
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
User Agents SHOULD be able to identify the content of a media stream in order to obtain such information as the cost of the media stream, if a transcoding service can support it, etc.
用户代理应该能够识别媒体流的内容，以便获得诸如媒体流的成本等信息（如果转码服务可以支持它），等等。
User Agents SHOULD be able to choose among transcoding services and similar services based on their capabilities (e.g., whether a transcoding service carries a particular media stream), and any policy constraints they impose (e.g., charging for use). It SHOULD be possible for User Agents to discover the availability of alternative media streams and to choose from them.
用户代理应能够根据其能力（例如，转码服务是否承载特定媒体流）以及它们施加的任何策略约束（例如，使用收费），在转码服务和类似服务之间进行选择。用户代理应该能够发现替代媒体流的可用性并从中进行选择。
This requirement states:
这项要求规定：
All third-party or intermediaries (transcoding services) employed in a session for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people MUST offer a confidentiality policy. All information exchanged in this type of session SHOULD be secure, that is, erased before confidentiality is breached, unless otherwise required.
所有第三方或中介机构（转码服务）在聋哑人、重听人和言语障碍者的会话中都必须提供保密政策。除非另有要求，否则在此类会话中交换的所有信息都应该是安全的，即在违反保密性之前删除。
This means that transcoding services (e.g., interpretation, translation) MUST publish their confidentiality and security policies.
这意味着代码转换服务（如口译、笔译）必须公布其保密和安全政策。
These scenarios are intended to show some of the various types of media streams that would be initiated, managed, directed, and terminated in a SIP-enabled network, and shows how some resources might be managed between SIP-enabled networks, transcoding services and service providers.
这些场景旨在展示将在启用SIP的网络中启动、管理、定向和终止的各种类型的媒体流中的一些，并展示如何在启用SIP的网络、转码服务和服务提供商之间管理一些资源。
To illustrate the communications dynamic of these kinds of scenarios, each one specifically mentions the kind of media streams transmitted, and whether User Agents and Transcoding Services are involved.
为了说明这类场景的通信动态，每个场景都特别提到传输的媒体流的类型，以及是否涉及用户代理和转码服务。
In this scenario, a hearing person calls the household of a deaf person and a hearing person.
在这种情况下，一个听力正常的人给一个聋人和一个听力正常的人的家庭打电话。
1. A voice conversation is initiated between the hearing participants:
1. 在听力参与者之间启动语音对话：
( Person A) <-----Voice ---> ( Person B)
( Person A) <-----Voice ---> ( Person B)
2. During the conversation, the hearing person asks to talk with the deaf person, while keeping the voice connection open so that voice to voice communications can continue if required.
2. 在对话过程中，听力正常的人要求与聋人交谈，同时保持语音连接打开，以便在需要时可以继续进行语音通信。
3. A Relay Service is invited into the conversation.
3. 一个中继服务被邀请到对话中。
4. The Relay Service transcodes the hearing person's words into text.
4. 中继服务将听话人的话转换成文本。
5. Text from the hearing person's voice appears on the display of the deaf person's User Agent.
5. 聋人的用户代理的显示器上会显示听力正常人的语音文本。
6. The deaf person types a response.
6. 聋人键入一个应答。
7. The Relay Service receives the text and reads it to the hearing person:
7. 中继服务接收文本并将其读给听者：
( ) <------------------Voice----------------> ( )
(Person A ) -----Voice---> ( Voice To Text ) -Text-> (Person B )
( ) <----Voice---- (Service Provider) <-Text- ( )
( ) <------------------Voice----------------> ( )
(Person A ) -----Voice---> ( Voice To Text ) -Text-> (Person B )
( ) <----Voice---- (Service Provider) <-Text- ( )
8. The hearing person asks to talk with the hearing person in the deaf person's household.
8. 听力障碍者要求与聋人家庭中的听力障碍者交谈。
9. The Relay Service withdraws from the call.
9. 中继服务退出呼叫。
In this scenario, a deaf person wishes to receive the content of a radio program through a text stream transcoded from the program's audio stream.
在这种情况下，聋人希望通过从节目的音频流转码的文本流接收广播节目的内容。
1. The deaf person attempts to establish a connection to the radio broadcast, with User Agent preferences set to receiving audio stream as text.
1. 聋人尝试建立与无线电广播的连接，用户代理首选项设置为以文本形式接收音频流。
2. The User Agent of the deaf person queries the radio station User Agent on whether a text stream is available, other than the audio stream.
2. 聋人的用户代理向无线电台用户代理询问除音频流之外的文本流是否可用。
3. However, the radio station has no text stream available for a deaf listener, and responds in the negative.
3. 但是，该电台没有可供聋人收听的文本流，因此做出了否定的回应。
4. As no text stream is available, the deaf person's User Agent requests a voice-to-text transcoding service (e.g., a real-time captioning service) to come into the conversation space.
4. 由于没有可用的文本流，聋人的用户代理请求语音到文本转码服务（例如，实时字幕服务）进入对话空间。
5. The transcoding service User Agent identifies the audio stream as a radio broadcast. However, the policy of the transcoding service is that it does not accept radio broadcasts because it would overload their resources far too quickly.
5. 代码转换服务用户代理将音频流标识为无线电广播。然而，转码服务的政策是，它不接受无线电广播，因为它会过快地使他们的资源过载。
6. In this case, the connection fails.
6. 在这种情况下，连接失败。
Alternatively, continuing from 2 above:
或者，从上述第2条继续：
3. The radio station does provide text with their audio streams.
3. 无线电台确实提供文本和音频流。
4. The deaf person receives a text stream of the radio program.
4. 聋人接收广播节目的文本流。
Note: To support deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people, service providers are encouraged to provide text with audio streams.
注：为了支持聋人、重听人和言语障碍者，鼓励服务提供商提供带有音频流的文本。
In this scenario, a deaf person enables a signing avatar (e.g., ViSiCAST[6]) by setting up a User Agent to receive audio streams as XML data that will operate an avatar for sign-language. For outgoing communications, the deaf person types text that is transcoded into an audio stream for the other conversation participant.
在该场景中，聋人通过设置用户代理来接收作为将操作手语化身的XML数据的音频流，从而启用签名化身（例如，ViSiCAST[6]）。对于传出通信，聋人键入文本，该文本被转码为另一对话参与者的音频流。
For example:
例如：
( )-Voice->(Voice To Avatar Commands) ----XMLData-->( )
( hearing ) (deaf )
( Person A)<-Voice-( Text To Voice ) <--------Text-------- (Person B)
( ) (Service Provider) ( )
( )-Voice->(Voice To Avatar Commands) ----XMLData-->( )
( hearing ) (deaf )
( Person A)<-Voice-( Text To Voice ) <--------Text-------- (Person B)
( ) (Service Provider) ( )
In order to receive voice calls, a hard of hearing person uses lip-speaking avatar software (e.g., Synface[7]) on a PC. The lip-speaking software processes voice (audio) stream data and displays a synthetic animated face that a hard of hearing person may be able to lip-read. During a conversation, the hard of hearing person uses the lip-speaking software as support for understanding the audio stream.
为了接收语音呼叫，重听人在PC上使用说唇化身软件（例如Synface[7]）。说唇软件处理语音（音频）流数据并显示重听人可能能够唇读的合成动画面部。在对话过程中，重听人使用唇语软件作为理解音频流的支持。
For example:
例如：
( ) <------------------Voice-------------->( )
( hearing ) ( PC with ) ( hard of )
( Person A) -------Voice-----> ( lip-speaking)---->( hearing )
( ) ( software ) ( Person B)
( ) <------------------Voice-------------->( )
( hearing ) ( PC with ) ( hard of )
( Person A) -------Voice-----> ( lip-speaking)---->( hearing )
( ) ( software ) ( Person B)
In this scenario, a deaf person wishing to book cinema tickets with a credit card, uses a textphone to place the call. The cinema employs a voice-activated menu system for film titles and showing times.
在这个场景中，一个聋子想要用信用卡预订电影票，就用短信电话打电话。电影院采用声控菜单系统显示电影标题和放映时间。
1. The deaf person places a call to the cinema with a textphone:
1. 聋人用短信电话给电影院打电话：
(Textphone) <-----Text ---> (Voice-activated System)
(Textphone) <-----Text ---> (Voice-activated System)
2. The cinema's voice-activated menu requests an auditory response to continue.
2. 电影院的语音激活菜单要求听觉响应继续。
3. A Relay Service is invited into the conversation.
3. 一个中继服务被邀请到对话中。
4. The Relay Service transcodes the prompts of the voice-activated menu into text.
4. 中继服务将语音激活菜单的提示转码为文本。
5. Text from the voice-activated menu appears on the display of the deaf person's textphone.
5. 来自语音激活菜单的文本显示在聋人的手机屏幕上。
6. The deaf person types a response.
6. 聋人键入一个应答。
7. The Relay Service receives the text and reads it to the voice-activated system:
7. 中继服务接收文本并将其读入语音激活系统：
( ) (Relay Service ) ( )
( deaf ) -Text-> (Provider ) -Voice-> (Voice-Activated)
( Person A ) <-Text- (Text To Voice ) <-Voice- (System )
( ) (Relay Service ) ( )
( deaf ) -Text-> (Provider ) -Voice-> (Voice-Activated)
( Person A ) <-Text- (Text To Voice ) <-Voice- (System )
8. The transaction is finalized with a confirmed booking time.
8. 交易在确认预订时间后完成。
9. The Relay Service withdraws from the call.
9. 中继服务退出呼叫。
A conference call is scheduled between five people:
会议电话安排在五个人之间：
- Person A listens and types text (hearing, no speech) - Person B recognizes sign language and signs back (deaf, no speech) - Person C reads text and speaks (deaf or hearing impaired) - Person D listens and speaks - Person E recognizes sign language and reads text and signs
- 人A听并输入文字（听觉，无语言）-人B识别手语并回签（聋人，无语言）-人C阅读文字并说话（聋人或听力受损）-人D听并说话-人E识别手语并阅读文字和符号
A conference call server calls the five people and based on their preferences sets up the different transcoding services required. Assuming English is the base language for the call, the following intermediate transcoding services are invoked:
会议呼叫服务器呼叫这五个人，并根据他们的偏好设置所需的不同转码服务。假设英语是调用的基础语言，将调用以下中间转码服务：
- A transcoding service (English speech to English text) - An English text to sign language service - A sign language to English text service - An English text to English speech service
- 代码转换服务（英语语音到英语文本）-英语文本到手语服务-手语到英语文本服务-英语文本到英语语音服务
Note: In order to translate from English speech to sign language, a chain of intermediate transcoding services was used (transcoding and English text to sign language) because there was no speech-to-sign language available for direct translation. Accordingly, the same applied for the translation from sign language to English speech.
注：为了将英语语音翻译成手语，使用了一系列中间转码服务（转码和英语文本到手语），因为没有语音到手语的直接翻译。因此，从手语到英语语音的翻译也是如此。
(Person A) ----- Text ----> ( Text-to-SL ) --- Video ----> (Person B)
---------------------- Text --------------------> (Person C)
----- Text ----> (Text-to-Speech) --- Voice ----> (Person D)
---------------------- Text --------------------> (Person E)
----- Text ----> ( Text-to-SL ) --- Video ----> (Person E)
(Person B) -Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person A)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
-Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person D)
--------------------- Video --------------------> (Person E)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
(Person C) --------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person A)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person B)
--------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person D)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person E)
(Person D) --------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person A)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person B)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person E)
(Person E) -Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person A)
--------------------- Video --------------------> (person B)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
-Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person D)
(Person A) ----- Text ----> ( Text-to-SL ) --- Video ----> (Person B)
---------------------- Text --------------------> (Person C)
----- Text ----> (Text-to-Speech) --- Voice ----> (Person D)
---------------------- Text --------------------> (Person E)
----- Text ----> ( Text-to-SL ) --- Video ----> (Person E)
(Person B) -Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person A)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
-Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person D)
--------------------- Video --------------------> (Person E)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
(Person C) --------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person A)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person B)
--------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person D)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person E)
(Person D) --------------------- Voice --------------------> (Person A)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person B)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
---- Voice ----> (Speech-to-Text) ---- Text ----> (Person E)
Voice->(Speech-to-Text)-Text->(Text-to-SL)-Video->(Person E)
(Person E) -Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person A)
--------------------- Video --------------------> (person B)
---- Video ----> ( SL-to-Text ) ---- Text ----> (Person C)
-Video-> (SL-to-Text) -Text-> (Text-to-Speech) -> (Person D)
Remarks: - Some services might be shared by users and/or other services.
备注：-某些服务可能由用户和/或其他服务共享。
- Person E uses two parallel streams (SL and English Text). The User Agent might perform time synchronisation when displaying the streams. However, this would require synchronisation information to be present on the streams.
- 人员E使用两个平行流（SL和英文文本）。用户代理可能在显示流时执行时间同步。然而，这需要同步信息出现在流上。
- The session protocols might support optional buffering of media streams, so that users and/or intermediate services could go back to previous content or to invoke a transcoding service for content they just missed.
- 会话协议可能支持媒体流的可选缓冲，以便用户和/或中间服务可以返回到以前的内容，或者为他们刚刚错过的内容调用转码服务。
- Hearing impaired users might still receive audio as well, which they will use to drive some visual indicators so that they can better see where, for instance, the pauses are in the conversation.
- 听力受损的用户也可能会收到音频，他们将使用音频驱动一些视觉指示器，以便更好地看到对话中的停顿位置。
This section is included to encourage service providers and user agent manufacturers in developing products and services that can be used by as wide a range of individuals as possible, including deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people.
本节旨在鼓励服务提供商和用户代理制造商开发可供尽可能多的个人使用的产品和服务，包括聋人、重听人和言语障碍者。
- Service providers and User Agent manufacturers can offer to a deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired person the possibility of being able to prevent their specific abilities and preferences from being made public in any transaction.
- 服务提供商和用户代理制造商可以向聋哑人、重听人和言语障碍者提供防止其特定能力和偏好在任何交易中公开的可能性。
- If a User Agent performs auditory signalling, for example a pager, it could also provide another signalling method; visual (e.g., a flashing light) or tactile (e.g., vibration).
- 如果用户代理执行听觉信令，例如寻呼机，则它还可以提供另一种信令方法；视觉（如闪光灯）或触觉（如振动）。
- Service providers who allow the user to store specific abilities and preferences or settings (i.e., a user profile) might consider storing these settings in a central repository, accessible no matter what the location of the user and regardless of the User Agent used at that time or location.
- 允许用户存储特定能力和偏好或设置（即，用户配置文件）的服务提供商可以考虑将这些设置存储在中央存储库中，无论用户的位置如何，无论在那个时间或位置使用的用户代理，都可以访问。
- If there are several transcoding services available, the User Agent can be set to select the most economical/highest quality service.
- 如果有多个转码服务可用，则可以将用户代理设置为选择最经济/最高质量的服务。
- The service provider can show the cost per minute and any minimum charge of a transcoding service call before a session starts, allowing the user a choice of engaging in the service or not.
- 服务提供商可以在会话开始之前显示转码服务调用的每分钟成本和任何最低费用，允许用户选择是否参与服务。
- Service providers are encouraged to offer an alternative stream to an audio stream, for example, text or data streams that operate avatars, etc.
- 鼓励服务提供商提供音频流的替代流，例如，操作化身的文本或数据流等。
- Service providers are encouraged to provide a text alternative to voice-activated menus, e.g., answering and voice mail systems.
- 鼓励服务提供商提供语音激活菜单的文本替代方案，例如应答和语音邮件系统。
- Manufacturers of voice-activated software are encouraged to provide an alternative visual format for software prompts, menus, messages, and status information.
- 鼓励语音激活软件制造商为软件提示、菜单、消息和状态信息提供替代的可视格式。
- Manufacturers of mobile phones are encouraged to design equipment that avoids electro-magnetic interference with hearing aids.
- 鼓励移动电话制造商设计避免助听器电磁干扰的设备。
- All services for interpreting, transliterating, or facilitating communications for deaf, hard of hearing and speech-impaired people are required to:
- 所有为聋人、重听人和言语障碍者提供的口译、音译或促进交流的服务都必须：
- Keep information exchanged during the transaction strictly confidential
- 对交易过程中交换的信息严格保密
- Enable information exchange literally and simply, without deviating and compromising the content
- 在不偏离和损害内容的情况下，直接、简单地实现信息交换
- Facilitate communication without bias, prejudice or opinion
- 在没有偏见、偏见或意见的情况下促进沟通
- Match skill-sets to the requirements of the users of the service
- 将技能集与服务用户的需求相匹配
- Behave in a professional and appropriate manner
- 以专业和适当的方式行事
- Be fair in pricing of services
- 服务定价公平
- Strive to improve the skill-sets used for their services.
- 努力提高其服务所使用的技能。
- Conference call services might consider ways to allow users who employ transcoding services (which usually introduce a delay) to have real-time information sufficient to be able to identify gaps in the conversation so they could inject comments, as well as ways to raise their hand, vote and carry out other activities where timing of their response relative to the real-time conversation is important.
- 电话会议服务可以考虑允许使用代码转换服务的用户（通常引入延迟）以获得足够的实时信息，以便能够识别会话中的空缺，以便他们可以注入评论，以及举手的方式。投票并进行其他活动，在这些活动中，与实时对话相关的响应时间非常重要。
The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to this document:
作者要感谢以下个人对本文件的贡献：
David R. Oran, Cisco Mark Watson, Nortel Networks Brian Grover, RNID Anthony Rabin, RNID Michael Hammer, Cisco Henry Sinnreich, Worldcom Rohan Mahy, Cisco Julian Branston, Cedalion Hosting Services Judy Harkins, Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. Cary Barbin, Gallaudet University, Washington, D.C. Gregg Vanderheiden, Trace R&D Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Gottfried Zimmerman, Trace R&D Center University of Wisconsin-Madison
David R.Oran、Cisco Mark Watson、Nortel Networks Brian Grover、RNID Anthony Rabin、RNID Michael Hammer、Cisco Henry Sinnreich、Worldcom Rohan Mahy、Cisco Julian Branston、Cedalion托管服务Judy Harkins、Gallaudet University、Washington、D.C.Cary Barbin、Gallaudet University、Washington、D.C.Gregg Vanderheiden、，威斯康星大学研发中心，麦迪逊-哥特弗里德-齐默尔曼，威斯康星大学麦迪逊研发中心
Security Considerations
安全考虑
This document presents some privacy and security considerations. They are treated in Section 5.6 Confidentiality and Security.
本文档介绍了一些隐私和安全注意事项。它们在第5.6节保密和安全中处理。
Normative References
规范性引用文件
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[1] Bradner，S.，“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，BCP 14，RFC 2119，1997年3月。
[2] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
[2] Rosenberg，J.，Schulzrinne，H.，Camarillo，G.，Johnston，A.，Peterson，J.，Sparks，R.，Handley，M.和E.Schooler，“SIP：会话启动协议”，RFC 3261，2002年6月。
Informational References
参考资料
[3] International Telecommunication Union (ITU), "Operational and interworking requirements for DCEs operating in the text telephone mode". ITU-T Recommendation V.18, November 2000.
[3] 国际电信联盟（ITU），“在文本电话模式下运行的DCE的操作和互通要求”。ITU-T建议V.18，2000年11月。
[4] Moore, Matthew, et al. "For Hearing People Only: Answers to Some of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About the Deaf Community, Its Culture, and the Deaf Reality". MSM Productions Ltd., 2nd Edition, September 1993.
[4] Moore，Matthew，et al.“仅限听力人：回答一些关于聋人社区、其文化和聋人现实的最常见问题”。MSM制作有限公司，第二版，1993年9月。
[5] http://www.typetalk.org.
[5] http://www.typetalk.org.
[6] http://www.visicast.co.uk.
[6] http://www.visicast.co.uk.
[7] http://www.speech.kth.se/teleface.
[7] http://www.speech.kth.se/teleface.
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Nathan Charlton Millpark Limited 52 Coborn Road London E3 2DG Tel: +44-7050 803628 Fax: +44-7050 803628 EMail: nathan@millpark.com
内森查尔顿米尔帕克有限公司伦敦科伯恩路52号E3 2DG电话：+44-7050 803628传真：+44-7050 803628电子邮件：nathan@millpark.com
Mick Gasson Koru Solutions 30 Howland Way London SE16 6HN Tel: +44-20 7237 3488 Fax: +44-20 7237 3488 EMail: michael.gasson@korusolutions.com
Mick Gasson Koru Solutions 30 Howland Way London SE16 6HN电话：+44-20 7237 3488传真：+44-20 7237 3488电子邮件：michael。gasson@korusolutions.com
Guido Gybels RNID 19-23 Featherstone Street London EC1Y 8SL Tel: +44-20 7296 8000 Textphone: +44-20 7296 8001 Fax: +44-20 7296 8199 EMail: Guido.Gybels@rnid.org.uk
Guido Gybels RNID 19-23 Featherstone Street London EC1Y 8SL电话：+44-20 7296 8000短信电话：+44-20 7296 8001传真：+44-20 7296 8199电子邮件：Guido。Gybels@rnid.org.uk
Mike Spanner RNID 19-23 Featherstone Street London EC1Y 8SL Tel: +44-20 7296 8000 Textphone: +44-20 7296 8001 Fax: +44-20 7296 8199 EMail: mike.spanner@rnid.org.uk
Mike Panner RNID 19-23 Featherstone Street London EC1Y 8SL电话：+44-20 7296 8000短信电话：+44-20 7296 8001传真：+44-20 7296 8199电子邮件：Mike。spanner@rnid.org.uk
Arnoud van Wijk Ericsson EuroLab Netherlands BV P.O. Box 8 5120 AA Rijen The Netherlands Fax: +31-161-247569 EMail: Arnoud.van.Wijk@eln.ericsson.se
Arnoud van Wijk Ericsson EuroLab Netherlands BV邮箱8 5120 AA Rijen荷兰传真：+31-161-247569电子邮件：Arnoud.van。Wijk@eln.ericsson.se
Comments can be sent to the SIPPING mailing list.
评论可以发送到啜饮邮件列表。
Full Copyright Statement
完整版权声明
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版权所有（C）互联网协会（2002年）。版权所有。
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Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC编辑功能的资金目前由互联网协会提供。