Network Working Group IANA
Request for Comments: 3330 September 2002
Category: Informational
Network Working Group IANA
Request for Comments: 3330 September 2002
Category: Informational
Special-Use IPv4 Addresses
特殊用途IPv4地址
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2002年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document describes the global and other specialized IPv4 address blocks that have been assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). It does not address IPv4 address space assigned to operators and users through the Regional Internet Registries. It also does not address allocations or assignments of IPv6 addresses or autonomous system numbers.
本文档描述了Internet分配号码管理局（IANA）分配的全局和其他专用IPv4地址块。它不处理通过区域互联网注册中心分配给运营商和用户的IPv4地址空间。它也不处理IPv6地址或自治系统号的分配或分配。
Throughout its entire history, the Internet has employed a central Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) responsible for the allocation and assignment of various identifiers needed for the operation of the Internet [RFC1174]. In the case of the IPv4 address space, the IANA allocates parts of the address space to Regional Internet Registries according to their established needs. These Regional Internet Registries are responsible for the assignment of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions.
在互联网的整个历史中，互联网使用了一个中央互联网分配号码管理局（IANA），负责分配和分配互联网运行所需的各种标识符[RFC1174]。在IPv4地址空间的情况下，IANA根据区域互联网注册中心的既定需求将部分地址空间分配给它们。这些区域互联网注册中心负责将IPv4地址分配给其区域内的互联网运营商和用户。
Minor portions of the IPv4 address space have been allocated or assigned directly by the IANA for global or other specialized purposes. These allocations and assignments have been documented in a variety of RFCs and other documents. This document is intended to collect these scattered references.
IPv4地址空间的小部分已由IANA直接分配或分配，用于全局或其他专用目的。这些分配和分配已记录在各种RFC和其他文件中。本文件旨在收集这些零散的参考资料。
On an ongoing basis, the IANA has been designated by the IETF to make assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process [RFC2860]. Section 4 of this document describes that assignment process.
IETF一直指定IANA进行任务分配，以支持互联网标准过程[RFC2860]。本文件第4节描述了该分配过程。
0.0.0.0/8 - Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this" network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to refer to specified hosts on this network [RFC1700, page 4].
0.0.0.0/8-此块中的地址指“此”网络上的源主机。地址0.0.0.0/32可用作此网络上此主机的源地址；0.0.0.0/8范围内的其他地址可用于引用此网络上的指定主机[RFC1700，第4页]。
10.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
10.0.0.0/8-此块用于专用网络。其预期用途记录在[RFC1918]中。此块中的地址不应出现在公共Internet上。
14.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for assignments to the international system of Public Data Networks [RFC1700, page 181]. The registry of assignments within this block can be accessed from the "Public Data Network Numbers" link on the web page at http://www.iana.org/numbers.html. Addresses within this block are assigned to users and should be treated as such.
14.0.0.0/8-该区块用于分配给国际公共数据网络系统[RFC1700，第181页]。可通过以下网页上的“公共数据网络编号”链接访问此区块内的分配注册表：http://www.iana.org/numbers.html. 此块中的地址分配给用户，应按此方式处理。
24.0.0.0/8 - This block was allocated in early 1996 for use in provisioning IP service over cable television systems. Although the IANA initially was involved in making assignments to cable operators, this responsibility was transferred to American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) in May 2001. Addresses within this block are assigned in the normal manner and should be treated as such.
24.0.0.0/8-该区块于1996年初分配，用于通过有线电视系统提供IP服务。尽管IANA最初参与向有线电视运营商分配任务，但这一责任已于2001年5月移交给美国互联网号码注册局（ARIN）。此块中的地址是按正常方式分配的，应按正常方式处理。
39.0.0.0/8 - This block was used in the "Class A Subnet Experiment" that commenced in May 1995, as documented in [RFC1797]. The experiment has been completed and this block has been returned to the pool of addresses reserved for future allocation or assignment. This block therefore no longer has a special use and is subject to allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
39.0.0.0/8-该块用于1995年5月开始的“A类子网实验”，如[RFC1797]所述。实验已经完成，该块已返回到为将来分配或分配而保留的地址池中。因此，该区块不再具有特殊用途，须分配给区域互联网登记处，以正常方式进行分配。
127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback, but no addresses within this block should ever appear on any network anywhere [RFC1700, page 5].
127.0.0.0/8-分配此块用作Internet主机环回地址。由更高级别协议发送到该块中任意地址的数据报应在主机内循环。这通常仅使用127.0.0.1/32实现环回，但此块中的任何地址都不应出现在任何网络上[RFC1700，第5页]。
128.0.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
128.0.0.0/16-此块对应于以前B类地址中数字最低的地址，最初由IANA保留，现在仍然保留。鉴于IP地址空间目前的无类别性质，保留的基础不再适用，该区块中的地址将在未来分配给区域互联网注册中心，以便以正常方式进行分配。
169.254.0.0/16 - This is the "link local" block. It is allocated for communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these addresses by auto-configuration, such as when a DHCP server may not be found.
169.254.0.0/16-这是“链接本地”块。它被分配用于单个链路上主机之间的通信。主机通过自动配置获取这些地址，例如，当可能找不到DHCP服务器时。
172.16.0.0/12 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
172.16.0.0/12-此块用于专用网络。其预期用途记录在[RFC1918]中。此块中的地址不应出现在公共Internet上。
191.255.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically highest to the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
191.255.0.0/16-此块，对应于前B类地址的数字最高值，最初由IANA保留，现在仍由IANA保留。鉴于IP地址空间目前的无类别性质，保留的基础不再适用，该区块中的地址将在未来分配给区域互联网注册中心，以便以正常方式进行分配。
192.0.0.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
192.0.0.0/24-此块，对应于前C类地址中数字最低的地址，最初由IANA保留，现在仍然保留。鉴于IP地址空间目前的无类别性质，保留的基础不再适用，该区块中的地址将在未来分配给区域互联网注册中心，以便以正常方式进行分配。
192.0.2.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
192.0.2.0/24-此块被指定为“测试网”，用于文档和示例代码中。在供应商和协议文档中，它通常与域名example.com或example.net结合使用。此块中的地址不应出现在公共Internet上。
192.88.99.0/24 - This block is allocated for use as 6to4 relay anycast addresses, according to [RFC3068].
192.88.99.0/24-根据[RFC3068]，该块被分配用作6to4中继选播地址。
192.168.0.0/16 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
192.168.0.0/16-此块用于专用网络。其预期用途记录在[RFC1918]中。此块中的地址不应出现在公共Internet上。
198.18.0.0/15 - This block has been allocated for use in benchmark tests of network interconnect devices. Its use is documented in [RFC2544].
198.18.0.0/15-此块已分配用于网络互连设备的基准测试。其使用记录在[RFC2544]中。
223.255.255.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically highest of the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
223.255.255.0/24-此块对应于以前C类地址中数字最高的地址，最初由IANA保留，现在仍然保留。鉴于IP地址空间目前的无类别性质，保留的基础不再适用，该区块中的地址将在未来分配给区域互联网注册中心，以便以正常方式进行分配。
224.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class D address space, is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments. The IANA guidelines for assignments from this space are described in [RFC3171].
224.0.0.0/4-此块以前称为D类地址空间，分配用于IPv4多播地址分配。[RFC3171]中描述了IANA在此空间分配的指南。
240.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class E address space, is reserved. The "limited broadcast" destination address 255.255.255.255 should never be forwarded outside the (sub-)net of the source. The remainder of this space is reserved for future use. [RFC1700, page 4]
240.0.0.0/4-此块（以前称为E类地址空间）保留。“有限广播”目标地址255.255.255.255决不能在源的（子）网之外转发。该空间的其余部分留作将来使用。[RFC1700，第4页]
Address Block Present Use Reference
---------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network [RFC1700, page 4]
10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
14.0.0.0/8 Public-Data Networks [RFC1700, page 181]
24.0.0.0/8 Cable Television Networks --
39.0.0.0/8 Reserved but subject
to allocation [RFC1797]
127.0.0.0/8 Loopback [RFC1700, page 5]
128.0.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
169.254.0.0/16 Link Local --
172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
191.255.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.0.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net
192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast [RFC3068]
192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect
Device Benchmark Testing [RFC2544]
223.255.255.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
224.0.0.0/4 Multicast [RFC3171]
240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use [RFC1700, page 4]
Address Block Present Use Reference
---------------------------------------------------------------------
0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network [RFC1700, page 4]
10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
14.0.0.0/8 Public-Data Networks [RFC1700, page 181]
24.0.0.0/8 Cable Television Networks --
39.0.0.0/8 Reserved but subject
to allocation [RFC1797]
127.0.0.0/8 Loopback [RFC1700, page 5]
128.0.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
169.254.0.0/16 Link Local --
172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
191.255.0.0/16 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.0.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net
192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast [RFC3068]
192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks [RFC1918]
198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect
Device Benchmark Testing [RFC2544]
223.255.255.0/24 Reserved but subject
to allocation --
224.0.0.0/4 Multicast [RFC3171]
240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use [RFC1700, page 4]
The IANA has responsibility for making assignments of protocol parameters used in the Internet according to the requirements of the "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" [RFC2860]. Among other things, [RFC2860] requires that protocol parameters be assigned according to
IANA负责根据“关于互联网分配号码管理局技术工作的谅解备忘录”[RFC2860]的要求分配互联网中使用的协议参数。除其他事项外，[RFC2860]要求根据
the criteria and procedures specified in RFCs, including Proposed, Draft, and full Internet Standards and Best Current Practice documents, and any other RFC that calls for IANA assignment.
RFC中规定的标准和程序，包括提议的、草案的和完整的互联网标准和最佳实践文件，以及要求IANA分配的任何其他RFC。
The domain name and IP address spaces involve policy issues (in addition to technical issues) so that the requirements of [RFC2860] do not apply generally to those spaces. Nonetheless, the IANA is responsible for ensuring assignments of IPv4 addresses as needed in support of the Internet Standards Process. When a portion of the IPv4 address space is specifically required by an RFC, the technical requirements (e.g., size, prefix length) for the portion should be described [RFC2434]. Immediately before the RFC is published, the IANA will, in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries, make the necessary assignment and notify the RFC Editor of the particulars for inclusion in the RFC as published.
域名和IP地址空间涉及政策问题（除技术问题外），因此[RFC2860]的要求通常不适用于这些空间。尽管如此，IANA仍负责确保根据需要分配IPv4地址，以支持互联网标准过程。当RFC明确要求IPv4地址空间的一部分时，应说明该部分的技术要求（例如大小、前缀长度）[RFC2434]。在RFC发布之前，IANA将与区域互联网注册处协商，进行必要的分配，并将发布的RFC中包含的细节通知RFC编辑。
As required by [RFC2860], the IANA will also make necessary experimental assignments of IPv4 addresses, also in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries.
根据[RFC2860]的要求，IANA还将对IPv4地址进行必要的实验性分配，并与区域互联网注册中心协商。
The particular assigned values of special-use IPv4 addresses cataloged in this document do not directly raise security issues. However, the Internet does not inherently protect against abuse of these addresses; if you expect (for instance) that all packets from the 10.0.0.0/8 block originate within your subnet, all border routers should filter such packets that originate from elsewhere. Attacks have been mounted that depend on the unexpected use of some of these addresses.
本文档中编目的特殊用途IPv4地址的特定赋值不会直接引起安全问题。然而，互联网本身并不能防止这些地址被滥用；如果您期望（例如）来自10.0.0.0/8块的所有数据包都源自您的子网，那么所有边界路由器都应该过滤来自其他地方的数据包。由于某些地址的意外使用，已发起攻击。
This document describes the IANA's past and current practices and does not create any new requirements for assignments or allocations by the IANA.
本文件描述了IANA过去和当前的实践，并未对IANA的分配或分配提出任何新要求。
[RFC1174] Cerf, V., "IAB Recommended Policy on Distributing Internet Identifier Assignment and IAB Recommended Policy Change to Internet 'Connected' Status", RFC 1174, August 1990.
[RFC1174]Cerf，V.，“IAB建议的分配互联网标识符的政策和IAB建议的将政策更改为互联网“连接”状态”，RFC 1174，1990年8月。
[RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC 1700, October 1994.
[RFC1700]Reynolds，J.和J.Postel，“分配的数字”，标准2，RFC 1700，1994年10月。
[RFC1797] IANA, "Class A Subnet Experiment", RFC 1797, April 1995.
[RFC1797]IANA，“A类子网实验”，RFC1797，1995年4月。
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G. J., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC1918]Rekhter，Y.，Moskowitz，B.，Karrenberg，D.，de Groot，G.J.，和E.Lear，“私人互联网地址分配”，BCP 5，RFC 1918，1996年2月。
[RFC2050] Hubbard, K., Kosters, M., Conrad, D., Karrenberg, D., and J. Postel, "Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines", BCP 12, RFC 2050, November 1996.
[RFC2050]哈伯德，K.，科斯特斯，M.，康拉德，D.，卡伦伯格，D.，和J.波斯特尔，“互联网注册IP分配指南”，BCP 12，RFC 2050，1996年11月。
[RFC2434] Narten, T., and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[RFC2434]Narten，T.和H.Alvestrand，“在RFCs中编写IANA注意事项部分的指南”，BCP 26，RFC 2434，1998年10月。
[RFC2544] Bradner, S., and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999.
[RFC2544]Bradner，S.和J.McQuaid，“网络互连设备的基准测试方法”，RFC 2544，1999年3月。
[RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000.
[RFC2860]Carpenter，B.，Baker，F.和M.Roberts，“关于互联网分配号码管理局技术工作的谅解备忘录”，RFC 28602000年6月。
[RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers", RFC 3068, June 2001.
[RFC3068]Huitema，C.，“6to4中继路由器的选播前缀”，RFC3068，2001年6月。
[RFC3171] Albanna, Z., Almeroth, K., Meyer, D., and M. Schipper, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 3171, August 2001.
[RFC3171]Albanna，Z.，Almeroth，K.，Meyer，D.，和M.Schipper，“IPv4多播地址分配的IANA指南”，BCP 51，RFC 3171，2001年8月。
[RFC3232] Reynolds, J. Ed., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database", RFC 3232, January 2002.
[RFC3232]Reynolds，J.Ed.“分配的数字：RFC 1700被在线数据库取代”，RFC 3232，2002年1月。
Many people have made comments on draft versions of this document. The IANA would especially like to thank Scott Bradner, Randy Bush, and Harald Alvestrand for their constructive feedback and comments.
许多人对这份文件的草稿发表了意见。IANA特别感谢Scott Bradner、Randy Bush和Harald Alvestrand的建设性反馈和评论。
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6601
互联网分配号码管理局（IANA）4676金钟路330号套房，加利福尼亚州玛丽娜·德雷，邮编90292-6601
Phone: +1 310-823-9358
Fax: +1 310-823-8649
EMail: iana@iana.org
Phone: +1 310-823-9358
Fax: +1 310-823-8649
EMail: iana@iana.org
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2002年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的衍生作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改本文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对互联网协会或其他互联网组织的引用，除非出于制定互联网标准的需要，在这种情况下，必须遵循互联网标准过程中定义的版权程序，或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件和其中包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，互联网协会和互联网工程任务组否认所有明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。
Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC编辑功能的资金目前由互联网协会提供。