Network Working Group B. Rajagopalan
Request for Comments: 3251 Tellium, Inc.
Category: Informational 1 April 2002
Network Working Group B. Rajagopalan
Request for Comments: 3251 Tellium, Inc.
Category: Informational 1 April 2002
Electricity over IP
IP上的电力
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2002年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
Mostly Pointless Lamp Switching (MPLampS) is an architecture for carrying electricity over IP (with an MPLS control plane). According to our marketing department, MPLampS has the potential to dramatically lower the price, ease the distribution and usage, and improve the manageability of delivering electricity. This document is motivated by such work as SONET/SDH over IP/MPLS (with apologies to the authors). Readers of the previous work have been observed scratching their heads and muttering, "What next?". This document answers that question.
主要是无意义的灯切换（MPLampS）是一种通过IP传输电力的体系结构（带有MPLS控制平面）。据我们的营销部门称，MPLAMP有可能大幅降低价格，简化配电和使用，并提高输电的可管理性。本文件的动机是SONET/SDH over IP/MPLS（向作者致歉）。以前的作品的读者被观察到挠头，喃喃地说：“下一步怎么办？”。这份文件回答了这个问题。
This document has also been written as a public service. The "Sub-IP" area has been formed to give equal opportunity to those working on technologies outside of traditional IP networking to write complicated IETF documents. There are possibly many who are wondering how to exploit this opportunity and attain high visibility. Towards this goal, we see the topics of "foo-over-MPLS" (or MPLS control for random technologies) as highly amenable for producing a countless number of unimplementable documents. This document illustrates the key ingredients that go into producing any "foo-over-MPLS" document and may be used as a template for all such work.
本文件也是作为公共服务编写的。“子IP”区域的形成是为了给那些在传统IP网络之外从事技术工作的人提供编写复杂IETF文档的平等机会。可能有许多人想知道如何利用这一机会并获得高知名度。为了实现这一目标，我们认为“foo over MPLS”（或用于随机技术的MPLS控制）的主题非常适合生成无数无法实现的文档。本文档说明了生成任何“foo over MPLS”文档的关键要素，可以用作所有此类工作的模板。
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "DO", "DON'T", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", "MAY BE" and "OPTIONAL" in this document do not mean anything.
本文件中的关键词“必须”、“不得”、“做”、“不”、“要求”、“应”、“不应”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“可能”、“可能”和“可选”并不表示任何含义。
While reading this document, at various points the readers may have the urge to ask questions like, "does this make sense?", "is this feasible?," and "is the author sane?". The readers must have the ability to suppress such questions and read on. Other than this, no specific technical background is required to read this document. In certain cases (present document included), it may be REQUIRED that readers have no specific technical background.
在阅读本文件时，读者可能会在不同的点上提出诸如“这有意义吗？”、“这可行吗？”、“作者是否神智正常？”。读者必须有能力抑制这些问题并继续阅读。除此之外，阅读本文件不需要特定的技术背景。在某些情况下（包括本文件），可能要求读者没有特定的技术背景。
It was recently brought to our attention that the distribution network for electricity is not an IP network! After absorbing the shock that was delivered by this news, the following thoughts occurred to us:
最近我们注意到，配电网不是IP网络！在吸收了这条消息带来的震撼后，我们想到了以下几点：
1. Electricity distribution must be based on some outdated technology (called "Legacy Distribution System" or LDS in the rest of the document). 2. An LDS not based on the Internet technology means that two different networks (electricity and IP) must be administered and managed. This leads to inefficiencies, higher cost and bureaucratic foul-ups (which possibly lead to blackouts in California. We are in the process of verifying this using simulations as part of a student's MS thesis). 3. The above means that a single network technology (i.e., IP) must be used to carry both electricity and Internet traffic. 4. An internet draft must be written to start work in this area, before someone else does. 5. Such a draft can be used to generate further drafts, ensuring that we (and CCAMP, MPLS or another responsible working group) will be busy for another year. 6. The draft can also be posted in the "white papers" section of our company web page, proclaiming us as revolutionary pioneers.
1. 配电必须基于一些过时的技术（在本文件的其余部分称为“传统配电系统”或LDS）。2.不基于互联网技术的LDS意味着必须管理两个不同的网络（电力和IP）。这会导致效率低下、成本上升和官僚作风混乱（这可能会导致加利福尼亚州停电。我们正在使用模拟来验证这一点，作为学生硕士论文的一部分）。3.上述情况意味着必须使用单一网络技术（即IP）来承载电力和互联网流量。4.在其他人开始这方面的工作之前，必须先在互联网上起草一份草案。5.这样的草案可用于生成进一步的草案，以确保我们（以及CCAMP、MPLS或其他负责的工作组）将在下一年忙碌。6.草案也可以发布在我们公司网页的“白皮书”部分，宣布我们是革命先驱者。
Hence the present document.
因此，本文件。
MPLampS: Mostly Pointless Lamp Switching - the architecture introduced in this document.
MPLampS：主要是无意义的灯切换-本文档中介绍的体系结构。
Lamp: An end-system in the MPLampS architecture (clashes with the IETF notion of end-system but of course, we DON'T care).
Lamp：MPLampS体系结构中的终端系统（与IETF的终端系统概念相冲突，但当然，我们不在乎）。
LER: Low-voltage Electricity Receptor - fancy name for "Lamp".
LER：低压电力接受器-灯的别致名称。
ES: Electricity source - a generator.
电源-一台发电机。
LSR: Load-Switching Router - an MPLampS device used in the core electricity distribution network.
LSR：负载交换路由器-用于核心配电网络的MPLAMP设备。
LDS: Legacy Distribution System - an inferior electricity distribution technology that MPLampS intends to replace.
LDS：传统配电系统-MPLampS打算取代的劣质配电技术。
RSVP: Rather Screwed-up, but router Vendors Push it - an IP signaling protocol.
RSVP：有点搞砸了，但路由器供应商推它——一种IP信令协议。
RSVP-TE: RSVP with Tariff Extensions - RSVP adaptation for MPLampS, to be used in the new deregulated utilities environment.
RSVP-TE:RSVP与电价扩展-针对MPLAMP的RSVP自适应，用于新的解除管制的公用事业环境。
CRLDP: for CRying out Loud, Don't do rsvP - another IP signaling protocol.
CRLDP：为了大声叫喊，不要做rsvP——另一种IP信令协议。
OSPF: Often Seizes-up in multiPle area conFigurations - a hierarchical IP routing protocol.
OSPF：通常占用多个区域配置—一种分层IP路由协议。
ISIS: It's not oSpf, yet It somehow Survives - another routing protocol.
ISIS：它不是oSpf，但它不知何故幸存了下来——另一种路由协议。
OSPF-TE, ISIS-TE: OSPF and ISIS with Tariff Extensions.
OSPF-TE、ISIS-TE：OSPF和ISIS加上关税扩展。
COPS: Policemen. Folks who scour all places for possibilities to slip in the Common Open Policy Service protocol.
警察：警察。那些到处寻找可能在公共开放政策服务协议中滑倒的人。
VPN: Voltage Protected Network - allows a customer with multiple sites to receive electricity with negligible voltage fluctuation due to interference from other customers.
VPN：电压保护网络-允许具有多个站点的客户接收电力，由于其他客户的干扰，电压波动可以忽略不计。
SUB-IP: SUBstitute IP everywhere - an effort in the IETF to get involved in technical areas outside of traditional IP networking (such as MPLampS).
SUB-IP：在任何地方替代IP——IETF致力于参与传统IP网络（如MPLAMP）之外的技术领域。
ITU: International Tariffed Utilities association - a utilities trade group whose work is often ignored by the IETF.
ITU：国际关税公用事业协会-一个公用事业贸易组织，其工作经常被IETF忽视。
We dug into the electricity distribution technology area to get some background. What we found stunned us, say, with the potency of a bare 230V A/C lead dropped into our bathtub while we were still in it. To put it simply, electricity is generated and distributed along a vast LDS which does not have a single router in it (LSR or otherwise)! Furthermore, the control of devices in this network is mostly manual, done by folks driving around in trucks. After
我们深入研究了配电技术领域以获得一些背景知识。比如说，当我们还在浴缸里的时候，一根230V交流电的裸体导线掉到了我们的浴缸里，我们的发现让我们大吃一惊。简单地说，电力是沿着一个巨大的LDS产生和分配的，这个LDS中没有一个路由器（LSR或其他）！此外，该网络中的设备控制大多是手动的，由驾驶卡车的人来完成。之后
wondering momentarily about how such a network can exist in the 21st century, we took a pencil and paper and sketched out a scenario for integrating the LDS network with the proven Internet technology. The fundamental points we came up with are:
我们一时想知道这样一个网络在21世纪如何存在，于是拿着一支铅笔和一张纸，勾勒出一个场景，将LDS网络与成熟的互联网技术相结合。我们提出的基本要点是：
1. IP packets carry electricity in discrete, digitized form. 2. Each packet would deliver electricity to its destination (e.g., a device with an IP address) on-demand. 3. MPLS control will be used to switch packets within the core LDS, and in the edge premises. The architecture for this is referred to as Mostly-Pointless Lamp Switching (MPLampS). 4. The MPLampS architectural model will accommodate both the overlay model, where the electricity consuming devices (referred to as "lamps") are operated over a distinct control plane, and the peer model, in which the lamps and the distribution network use a single control plane. 5. RSVP-TE (RSVP with Tariff Extensions) will be used for establishing paths for electricity flow in a de-regulated environment. 6. COPS will be used to support accounting and policy.
1. IP数据包以离散、数字化的形式传输电力。2.每个数据包将按需向其目的地（例如，具有IP地址的设备）输送电力。3.MPLS控制将用于在核心LDS内和边缘前提中交换数据包。这种架构称为无意义灯切换（MPLAMP）。4.MPLampS体系结构模型将适应叠加模型（其中用电设备（称为“灯具”）在不同的控制平面上运行）和对等模型（其中灯具和配电网使用单个控制平面）。5.RSVP-TE（带有电价扩展的RSVP）将用于在不受监管的环境中建立电力流动路径。6.COP将用于支持会计和政策。
After jotting these points down, we felt better. We then noted the following immediate advantages of the proposed scheme:
记下这些要点后，我们感觉好多了。随后，我们注意到拟议计划的以下直接优势：
1. Switches and transformers in the LDS can be replaced by LSRs, thereby opening up a new market for routers. 2. Electricity can be routed over the Internet to reach remote places which presently do not have electricity connections but have only Internet kiosks (e.g., rural India). 3. Electrical technicians can be replaced by highly paid IP network administrators, and 4. The IETF can get involved in another unrelated technology area.
1. LDS中的交换机和变压器可以被LSR取代，从而为路由器开辟了一个新市场。2.电力可以通过互联网传送到目前没有电力连接但只有互联网亭的偏远地区（如印度农村）。3.电气技术人员可以由高薪IP网络管理员取代，以及4。IETF可以参与另一个不相关的技术领域。
In the following, we describe the technical issues in a vague manner.
在下文中，我们将以模糊的方式描述技术问题。
The Discrete Voltage Encoding (DVE) scheme has been specified in ITU standard G.110/230V [2] to digitize electrical voltages. In essence, an Electricity Source (ES) such as a generator is connected to a DV encoder that encodes the voltage and current, and produces a bit stream. This bit stream can be carried in IP packets to various destinations (referred to as LERs - Low-voltage Electricity Receptors) on-demand. At the destination, a DV decoder produces the right voltage and current based on the received bit stream. It is to be determined whether the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) can be
ITU标准G.110/230V[2]中规定了离散电压编码（DVE）方案，以数字化电压。本质上，诸如发电机之类的电源连接到对电压和电流进行编码并产生比特流的DV编码器。该比特流可以在IP数据包中按需传送到各种目的地（称为LER-低压电力接收器）。在目的地，DV解码器基于接收到的比特流产生正确的电压和电流。要确定是否可以使用实时传输协议（RTP）
used for achieving synchronization and end-to-end control. We leave draft writing opportunities in the RTP area to our friends and colleagues.
用于实现同步和端到端控制。我们将RTP领域的草稿写作机会留给我们的朋友和同事。
In an LDS, the long-haul transmission of electricity is at high voltages. The voltage is stepped down progressively as electricity flows into local distribution networks and is finally delivered to LERs at a standard voltage (e.g., 110V). Thus, the LDS is a hierarchical network. This immediately opens up the possibility of OSPF and ISIS extensions for routing electricity in a transmission network, but we'll contain the urge to delve into these productive internet draft areas until later. For the present, we limit our discussion merely to controlling the flow of electricity in an IP-based distribution network using MPLampS.
在LDS中，电力的长途传输是在高压下进行的。随着电力流入当地配电网，电压逐渐降低，并最终以标准电压（如110V）输送至LER。因此，LDS是分层网络。这立即开启了OSPF和ISIS扩展在传输网络中路由电力的可能性，但我们将在稍后继续深入研究这些高效互联网草案领域。目前，我们的讨论仅限于使用MPLAMP控制基于IP的配电网络中的电流。
Under MPLampS, a voltage is equated to a label. In the distribution network, each switching element and transformer is viewed as a load-switching router (LSR). Each IP packet carrying an electricity flow is assigned a label corresponding to the voltage. Electricity distribution can then be trivially reduced to the task of label (voltage) switching as electricity flows through the distribution network. The configuration of switching elements in the distribution network is done through RSVP-TE to provide electricity on demand.
在MPLAMP下，电压等于标签。在配电网中，每个开关元件和变压器都被视为负载交换路由器（LSR）。每个承载电流的IP数据包被分配一个与电压对应的标签。当电力流经配电网时，配电可以简单地简化为标签（电压）切换的任务。配电网中开关元件的配置通过RSVP-TE完成，以按需供电。
We admit that the above description is vague and sounds crazy. The example below tries to add more (useless) details, without removing any doubts the reader might have about the feasibility of this proposal:
我们承认上述描述含糊不清，听起来很疯狂。下面的示例试图添加更多（无用的）细节，而不会消除读者对本提案可行性的任何疑问：
Example: Turning on a Lamp
例如：打开一盏灯
It is assumed that the lamp is controlled by an intelligent device (e.g, a (light) switch with an MPLampS control plane). Turning the lamp on causes the switch to issue an RSVP-TE request (a PATH message with new objects) for the electricity flow. This PATH message traverses across the network to the ES. The RESV message issued in return sets up the label mappings in LSRs. Finally, electricity starts flowing along the path established. It is expected that the entire process will be completed within a few seconds, thereby giving the MPLampS architecture a distinct advantage over lighting a candle with a damp match stick.
假设灯由智能设备（例如，带有MPLampS控制平面的（灯）开关）控制。打开灯会导致开关发出电流RSVP-TE请求（带有新对象的路径消息）。此路径消息穿过网络到达ES。作为回报发出的RESV消息在LSR中设置标签映射。最后，电力开始沿着既定的路径流动。预计整个过程将在几秒钟内完成，因此MPLampS体系结构相对于用潮湿的火柴棒点燃蜡烛具有明显的优势。
As noted before, there are two control plane models to be considered. Under the overlay model, the lamps and the distribution network utilize distinct control planes. Under the peer model, a single control plane is used. A number of arguments can be made for one model versus the other, and these will be covered in the upcoming framework document. We merely observe here that it is the lamp vendors who prefer the peer model against the better judgement of the LSR vendors. We, however, want to please both camps regardless of the usefulness of either model. We therefore note here that MPLampS supports both models and also migration scenarios from overlay to peer.
如前所述，需要考虑两个控制平面模型。在叠加模型下，灯具和配电网使用不同的控制平面。在对等模型下，使用单个控制平面。对于一种模型和另一种模型，可以提出许多论据，这些论据将在即将发布的框架文档中介绍。我们在此仅观察到，与LSR供应商更好的判断相比，灯具供应商更喜欢对等模型。然而，我们希望取悦这两个阵营，不管这两种模式是否有用。因此，我们注意到，MPLAMP既支持模型，也支持从覆盖层到对等层的迁移场景。
The above description of the hierarchical distribution system immediately opens up the possibility of applying OSPF and ISIS with suitable extensions. The readers may rest assured that we are already working on such concepts as voltage bundling, multi-area tariff extensions, insulated LSAs, etc. Future documents will describe the details.
上述对分级分配系统的描述立即打开了应用OSPF和ISIS以及适当扩展的可能性。读者可以放心，我们已经在研究诸如电压捆绑、多区域电价扩展、绝缘LSA等概念。未来的文档将描述细节。
VPNs allow a customer with multiple sites to get guaranteed electricity supply with negligible voltage fluctuations due to interference from other customers. Indeed, some may argue that the entire MPLampS architecture may be trashed if not for the possibility of doing VPNs. Whatever be the case, VPNs are a hot topic today and the readers are forewarned that we have every intention of writing several documents on this. Specifically, BGP-support for VPNs is an area we're presently eyeing with interest.
VPN允许拥有多个站点的客户获得有保证的电力供应，而由于其他客户的干扰，电压波动可以忽略不计。事实上，有些人可能会争辩说，如果不考虑使用VPN的可能性，整个MPLAMP体系结构可能会被破坏。不管是什么情况，虚拟专用网络都是当今的热门话题，我们已经预先警告读者，我们打算就此撰写几篇文档。具体来说，BGP对VPN的支持是我们目前关注的一个领域。
It has been observed that there is a strong spatial and temporal locality in electricity demand. ITU Study Group 55 has studied this phenomenon for over a decade and has issued a preliminary report. This report states that when a lamp is turned on in one house, it is usually the case that lamps are turned on in neighboring houses at around the same time (usually at dusk) [3]. This observation has a serious implication on the scalability of the signaling mechanism. Specifically, the distribution network must be able to handle tens of thousands of requests all at once. The signaling load can be reduced if multicast delivery is used. Briefly, a request for electricity is not sent from the lamp all the way to an ES, but is handled by the first LSR that is already in the path to another lamp.
据观察，电力需求具有很强的空间和时间局部性。国际电联第55研究小组对这一现象进行了十多年的研究，并发表了一份初步报告。本报告指出，当一个房间的灯打开时，通常情况下，相邻房间的灯大约同时打开（通常在黄昏时）[3]。这一观察结果对信号机制的可伸缩性具有重要意义。具体来说，分发网络必须能够同时处理成千上万的请求。如果使用多播传送，则可以减少信令负载。简单地说，电的请求不是从灯一直发送到ES，而是由已经在另一个灯的路径中的第一个LSR处理。
Support for this requires the application of multicast routing protocols together with RSVP-TE shared reservation styles and the development of MPLampS multicast forwarding mode. We are currently studying the following multicast routing protocol:
支持这一点需要应用多播路由协议、RSVP-TE共享保留样式以及开发MPLampS多播转发模式。我们目前正在研究以下多播路由协议：
o DVMRP: Discrete Voltage Multicast Routing Protocol - this protocol works over existing voltage routing protocols but the danger here is that electricity is delivered to all lamps when any one lamp is turned on. Indeed, the switching semantics gets annoying - all lamps get turned on periodically and those not needed must be switched off each time manually.
o DVMRP：离散电压多播路由协议-该协议适用于现有的电压路由协议，但此处的危险在于，当任何一盏灯打开时，电力输送至所有灯具。事实上，开关的语义很烦人——所有的灯都会周期性地打开，而那些不需要的灯每次都必须手动关闭。
Other protocols we will eventually consider are Current-Based Tree (CBT) and Practically Irrelevant Multicast (PIM). An issue we are greatly interested in is multicast scope: we would like support for distributing electricity with varying scope, from lamps within a single Christmas tree to those in entire cities. Needless to say, we will write many detailed documents on these topics as time progresses.
我们将最终考虑的其他协议是基于当前的树（CBT）和实际无关的组播（PIM）。我们非常感兴趣的一个问题是多播范围：我们希望支持不同范围的配电，从单个圣诞树内的灯具到整个城市的灯具。不用说，随着时间的推移，我们将编写许多关于这些主题的详细文档。
This document MUST be secured in a locked cabinet to prevent it from being disposed off with the trash.
此文件必须固定在上锁的文件柜中，以防止其与垃圾一起丢弃。
This document described the motivation and high level concepts behind Mostly Pointless Lamp Switching (MPLampS), an architecture for electricity distribution over IP. MPLampS utilizes DVE (discrete voltage encoding), and an MPLS control plane in the distribution network. Since the aim of this document is to be a high-visibility place-holder, we did not get into many details of MPLampS. Numerous future documents, unfortunately, will attempt to provide these details.
本文档描述了无意义灯切换（MPLampS）背后的动机和高层概念，MPLampS是一种IP配电架构。MPLampS利用DVE（离散电压编码）和配电网中的MPLS控制平面。由于本文档的目的是成为高知名度的占位者，因此我们没有深入了解MPLAMP的许多细节。不幸的是，许多未来的文件将试图提供这些细节。
1. A. Malis, et al., "SONET/SDH Circuit Emulation Service Over MPLS (CEM) Encapsulation", Internet Draft, Work in Progress.
1. A.Malis等人，“基于MPLS（CEM）封装的SONET/SDH电路仿真服务”，互联网草案，正在进行的工作。
2. International Tarriffed Utilities association draft standard, ITU G.110/230V, "Discrete Voltage Encoding", March, 1999.
2. 国际Tarriffed公用事业协会标准草案，ITU G.110/230V，“离散电压编码”，1999年3月。
3. International Tarriffed Utilities association technical report, ITU (SG-55) TR-432-2000, "Empirical Models for Energy Utilization", September, 2000.
3. 国际Tarriffed公用事业协会技术报告，ITU（SG-55）TR-432-2000，“能源利用的经验模型”，2000年9月。
The opinions expressed in this document are solely the author's. Company's opinions, as always, are proprietary and confidential and may be obtained under appropriate NDAs.
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Bala Rajagopalan Tellium, Inc. 2 Crescent Place Ocean Port, NJ 07757 Phone: 732-923-4237 EMail: braja@tellium.com
Bala Rajagopalan Tellium，Inc.新泽西州海港新月广场2号07757电话：732-923-4237电子邮件：braja@tellium.com
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Acknowledgement
确认
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