Network Working Group J. Hakala
Request for Comments: 3188 Helsinki University Library
Category: Informational October 2001
Network Working Group J. Hakala
Request for Comments: 3188 Helsinki University Library
Category: Informational October 2001
Using National Bibliography Numbers as Uniform Resource Names
使用国家书目编号作为统一资源名称
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document discusses how national bibliography numbers (persistent and unique identifiers assigned by the national libraries) can be supported within the URN (Uniform Resource Names) framework and the syntax for URNs defined in RFC 2141. Much of the discussion is based on the ideas expressed in RFC 2288.
本文件讨论了如何在URN（统一资源名称）框架和RFC 2141中定义的URN语法中支持国家书目编号（国家图书馆分配的持久和唯一标识符）。大部分讨论基于RFC 2288中表达的观点。
As part of the validation process for the development of URNs the IETF working group agreed that it is important to demonstrate that the current URN syntax proposal can accommodate existing identifiers from well established namespaces. One such infrastructure for assigning and managing names comes from the bibliographic community. Bibliographic identifiers function as names for objects that exist both in print and, increasingly, in electronic formats. RFC 2288 [Lynch] investigated the feasibility of using three identifiers (ISBN, ISSN and SICI) as URNs.
作为URN开发验证过程的一部分，IETF工作组一致认为，重要的是证明当前URN语法提案可以容纳来自成熟名称空间的现有标识符。其中一个用于分配和管理名称的基础设施来自书目社区。书目标识符的功能是为印刷品和越来越多的电子格式的对象命名。RFC 2288[Lynch]调查了使用三种标识符（ISBN、ISSN和SICI）作为URN的可行性。
This document will analyse the usage of national bibliography numbers (NBNs) as URNs. The need to extend analysis to new identifier systems was briefly discussed in RFC 2288 as well, with the following summary: "The issues involved in supporting those additional identifiers are anticipated to be broadly similar to those involved in supporting ISBNs, ISSNs, and SICIs".
本文件将分析国家书目编号（NBN）作为URN的使用情况。RFC 2288中也简要讨论了将分析扩展到新标识符系统的必要性，总结如下：“支持这些额外标识符所涉及的问题预计与支持ISBN、ISSN和SICI所涉及的问题大致相似”。
A registration request for acquiring a Namespace Identifier (NID) "NBN" for national bibliography numbers has been written by the National Library of Finland on the request of the Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL) and the Conference of the European National Librarians (CENL). Chapter 5 contains a URN namespace registration request modeled according to the template in RFC 2611.
芬兰国家图书馆应国家图书馆馆长会议（CDNL）和欧洲国家图书馆员会议（CENL）的要求，编写了一份获取国家书目编号名称空间标识符（NID）“NBN”的注册申请。第5章包含根据RFC2611中的模板建模的URN命名空间注册请求。
The document at hand is part of a global co-operation of the national libraries to foster identification of electronic documents in general and utilisation of URNs in particular. Some national libraries, including the national libraries of Finland, Norway and Sweden, are already assigning NBN-based URNs for electronic resources.
手边的文件是国家图书馆全球合作的一部分，旨在促进电子文件的识别，特别是骨灰盒的利用。一些国家图书馆，包括芬兰、挪威和瑞典的国家图书馆，已经在为电子资源分配基于NBN的URN。
We have used the URN Namespace Identifier "NBN" for the national bibliographic numbers in examples below.
在下面的示例中，我们将URN名称空间标识符“NBN”用于国家书目编号。
As a rule the national bibliography numbers identify finite, manageably-sized objects, but these objects may still be large enough that resolution to a hierarchical system is appropriate.
作为一项规则，国家书目编号识别有限的、可管理大小的对象，但这些对象可能仍然足够大，以至于层次系统的分辨率是合适的。
The materials identified by a national bibliography number may exist only in printed or other physical form, not electronically. The best that a resolver will be able to offer in this case is bibliographic data from a national bibliography database, including information about where the physical resource is stored in a national library's holdings.
由国家参考书目编号确定的材料只能以印刷或其他实物形式存在，不能以电子形式存在。在这种情况下，解析器能够提供的最好的信息是来自国家书目数据库的书目数据，包括关于物理资源存储在国家图书馆馆藏中的位置的信息。
The URN Framework provides resolution services that may be used to describe any differences between the resource identified by a URN and the resource that would be returned as a result of resolving that URN. However, NBNs will be used for instance to identify resources in digital Web archives created by harvester robot applications. In this case, NBN will identify exactly the resource the user expects to see.
URN框架提供了解析服务，可用于描述URN标识的资源与解析该URN时返回的资源之间的任何差异。然而，NBN将用于识别由harvester robot应用程序创建的数字网络档案中的资源。在这种情况下，NBN将准确地标识用户希望看到的资源。
National Bibliography Number (NBN) is a generic name referring to a group of identifier systems utilised by the national libraries and only by them for identification of deposited publications which lack an identifier, or to descriptive metadata (cataloging) that describes the resources. In many countries legal (or voluntary) deposit is being extended to electronic publications.
国家书目编号（NBN）是一个通用名称，指国家图书馆使用的一组标识符系统，仅由国家图书馆用于识别缺乏标识符的存放出版物，或描述资源的描述性元数据（编目）。在许多国家，法定（或自愿）存款正扩展到电子出版物。
Each national library uses its own NBN strings independently of other national libraries; there is no global authority which controls them. For this reason NBNs are unique only on national level. When used as URNs, NBN strings must be augmented with a controlled prefix such as country code. These prefixes guarantee uniqueness of the NBN-based URNs on the global scale.
每个国家图书馆独立于其他国家图书馆使用自己的NBN字符串；没有控制它们的全球权威。因此，NBN仅在国家层面上是独一无二的。当用作URN时，NBN字符串必须使用受控前缀（如国家代码）进行扩充。这些前缀保证了基于NBN的URN在全球范围内的唯一性。
NBNs have traditionally been given to documents that do not have a publisher-assigned identifier, but are cataloged to the national bibliography. NBNs can be seen as a fall-back mechanism: if no other, better established identifier such as ISBN can be given, an NBN is assigned. In principle, NBN usage enables identification of any Internet document. Local policies may limit the NBN usage to a much smaller subset of documents.
传统上，NBN是指没有出版商指定的标识符，但被编入国家参考书目的文档。NBN可被视为一种回退机制：如果没有其他更好的标识符，如ISBN，则分配NBN。原则上，使用NBN可以识别任何互联网文档。当地政策可能会将NBN的使用限制在更小的文档子集上。
Some national libraries (e.g., Finland, Norway, Sweden) have established Web-based URN generators, which enable authors and publishers to fetch NBN-based URNs for their network documents. At least national libraries of Sweden and Finland are harvesting and archiving domestic Web documents (and a number of other libraries plan to start this activity), and long-time preservation of these materials requires persistent and unique identification. NBNs can be and are in fact already used as internal identifiers in these Web archives.
一些国家图书馆（如芬兰、挪威、瑞典）建立了基于Web的URN生成器，使作者和出版商能够为其网络文档获取基于NBN的URN。至少瑞典和芬兰的国家图书馆正在收集和归档国内网络文件（许多其他图书馆计划开始这项活动），而这些材料的长期保存需要持久和独特的标识。NBN可以并且事实上已经在这些Web存档中用作内部标识符。
Both syntax and scope of NBNs can be decided by each national library independently. Typically, an NBN consist of one or more letters and/or digits. This simple syntax makes NBNs infinitely extensible and very suitable for e.g., naming of the Web documents. For instance the application used by the national library of Finland for Web harvesting creates NBNs which are based on the MD5 checksum of the archived resource.
NBN的语法和范围可以由每个国家图书馆独立决定。通常，NBN由一个或多个字母和/或数字组成。这种简单的语法使NBN具有无限的可扩展性，非常适合于Web文档的命名。例如，芬兰国家图书馆用于Web获取的应用程序创建了基于存档资源MD5校验和的NBN。
F-code is the NBN used by the National Library of Finland.
F代码是芬兰国家图书馆使用的NBN。
F-codes have been used since early 20th century to identify catalogue cards and later MARC records in the national bibliography. In 1998 the national library decided to enable the Finnish authors and publishers to assign F-codes to their Internet documents, if these documents do not qualify for other identifiers such as ISBN. F-codes, embedded into URNs, can be fetched from the URN generator (http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/cgi-bin/urn.pl) developed in co-operation between the national library of Finland and the Lund University library, NETLAB unit. Attached to the generator there is a user guide (http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/meta/URN-opas.html; only in Finnish), which tells the users how to use URNs.
自20世纪初以来，F代码已被用于识别国家参考书目中的目录卡和后来的MARC记录。1998年，国家图书馆决定允许芬兰作者和出版商为其互联网文档分配F代码，如果这些文档不符合ISBN等其他标识符的条件。嵌入到URN中的F代码可以从URN生成器获取(http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/cgi-bin/urn.pl)由芬兰国家图书馆和隆德大学图书馆NETLAB单位合作开发。发电机上附有用户指南(http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/meta/URN-opas.html；仅限芬兰语），告诉用户如何使用骨灰盒。
F-codes are also used within the Web harvesting and archiving software (http://www.csc.fi/sovellus/nedlib/), which has been built for the Networked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB) project (see http://www.kb.nl/nedlib). NEDLIB harvester calculates MD5 checksum for each archived resource, and then builds an NBN-based URN from the checksum. The URN serves then as a unique identifier to the archived resource. Traditional identifiers can not be used for this purpose, since there may for instance be several variants of a book which (quite rightly so) all have the same ISBN. Moreover, identifiers embedded into a document do not necessarily belong to the document itself; thus the Web archiving application can not trust the identifiers embedded into the body of the document.
F代码也用于Web采集和归档软件中(http://www.csc.fi/sovellus/nedlib/)，它是为网络化欧洲存储库（NEDLIB）项目而构建的（参见http://www.kb.nl/nedlib). NEDLIB harvester计算每个存档资源的MD5校验和，然后根据校验和构建基于NBN的URN。然后，URN将作为存档资源的唯一标识符。传统标识符不能用于此目的，因为例如，一本书可能有几个变体（完全正确地说）都有相同的ISBN。此外，嵌入到文档中的标识符不一定属于文档本身；因此，Web存档应用程序不能信任嵌入到文档正文中的标识符。
The F-code built by the URN generator consist of:
URN生成器生成的F代码包括：
Prefix (for example fe) Year (YYYY; for example 1999) Number (for example 1055)
前缀（例如fe）年份（YYYY；例如1999）编号（例如1055）
The generator also adds namespace identifier "NBN" and ISO 3166 country code. Thus a URN based on F-code would in this case be for instance urn:nbn:fi-fe19991055.
生成器还添加了名称空间标识符“NBN”和ISO 3166国家代码。因此，在这种情况下，基于F代码的URN将是例如URN:nbn:fi-fe19991055。
URNs created by the Web archiving application have similar overall structure, except that prefix (which may be defined by the operator) is fea and year is not used. An example: urn:nbn:fi-fea-5c5875e6e49ae649cad63e5ee4f6c346.
由Web存档应用程序创建的URN具有类似的总体结构，但前缀（可由操作员定义）为fea且不使用年份。例如：urn:nbn:fi-fea-5c5875e6e49ae649cad63e5ee4f6c346。
F-codes never need any special encoding when used as URNs, since they consist of alphanumeric codes only (0-9, a-z). This is often the case for other national libraries' NBN systems as well.
F代码用作URN时不需要任何特殊编码，因为它们仅由字母数字代码（0-9，a-z）组成。其他国家图书馆的NBN系统也是如此。
Embedding NBNs within the URN framework usually presents no particular encoding problems, since all of the characters that can appear in commonly used NBN systems can be expressed in special encoding, as described in RFC 2141 [MOATS].
在URN框架中嵌入NBN通常不会出现特定的编码问题，因为可以在常用NBN系统中出现的所有字符都可以用特殊编码表示，如RFC 2141[MOATS]中所述。
When an NBN is used as a URN, the namespace specific string will consist of three parts: prefix, consisting of either a two-letter ISO 3166 country code or other registered string, delimiting character which is either hyphen (-) or colon (:), and NBN string assigned by the national library. Delimiting characters are not lexically equivalent.
当NBN用作URN时，特定于名称空间的字符串将由三部分组成：前缀，由两个字母的ISO 3166国家代码或其他注册字符串组成，分隔字符为连字符（-）或冒号（：），以及由国家图书馆分配的NBN字符串。定界字符在词汇上是不等价的。
Hyphen is always used for separating the prefix and the NBN string.
连字符始终用于分隔前缀和NBN字符串。
Colon is used as the delimiting character if and only if a country code-based NBN namespace is split further in smaller sub-namespaces. If there are several national libraries in one country, these libraries can split their national namespace into smaller parts using this method.
当且仅当基于国家代码的NBN命名空间进一步拆分为更小的子命名空间时，冒号才用作分隔字符。如果一个国家有多个国家图书馆，这些图书馆可以使用此方法将其国家名称空间拆分为更小的部分。
A national library may also assign a trusted organisation(s) its own sub-namespace. For instance, the national library of Finland has given Statistics Finland (http://www.stat.fi/index_en.html) a sub-namespace "st" (e.g., urn:nbn:fi:st:). The Finnish Council of State (http://www.vn.fi/vn/english/index.htm) will use sub-namespace "vn" (e.g., urn:nbn:fi:vn).
国家图书馆也可以为受信任的组织分配自己的子名称空间。例如，芬兰国家图书馆提供了芬兰的统计数据(http://www.stat.fi/index_en.html)子命名空间“st”（例如urn:nbn:fi:st:）。芬兰国务委员会(http://www.vn.fi/vn/english/index.htm)将使用子命名空间“vn”（例如urn:nbn:fi:vn）。
Non-ISO 3166-prefixes, if used, must be registered on the global level. The Library of Congress will maintain the central register of reserved codes. This register will be available to the national libraries and other users in the Web.
如果使用非ISO 3166前缀，则必须在全局级别注册。国会图书馆将保留保留代码的中央登记册。国家图书馆和其他用户可在网上查阅该登记册。
Sub-namespace codes beneath a country-code-based namespace need to be registered on the national level by the national library which assigned the code. The national register must be available in the Web and should also be linked to the global register maintained by the Library of Congress.
基于国家代码的名称空间下的子名称空间代码需要由分配代码的国家图书馆在国家一级注册。国家登记册必须在网上提供，并且还应与国会图书馆维护的全球登记册相链接。
Two-letter codes may not be used as non-ISO prefixes, since all such codes are reserved for existing and possible future ISO country codes. If there are several national libraries in one country who use the same prefix - for instance, a country code -, they need to agree on how to split the namespace between them.
双字母代码不能用作非ISO前缀，因为所有此类代码都是为现有和未来可能的ISO国家代码保留的。如果一个国家的多个国家图书馆使用相同的前缀（例如，国家代码），它们需要就如何在它们之间分割名称空间达成一致。
Models:
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>-<assigned NBN string>
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>:<sub-namespace code>-<assigned NBN
string>
URN:NBN:<non-ISO 3166 prefix>-<assigned NBN string>
Models:
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>-<assigned NBN string>
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>:<sub-namespace code>-<assigned NBN
string>
URN:NBN:<non-ISO 3166 prefix>-<assigned NBN string>
Examples: URN:NBN:fi-fe19981001 (A "real" URN assigned by the National Library of Finland).
示例：URN:NBN:fi-fe19981001（芬兰国家图书馆指定的“真实”URN）。
The (usually) country code-based prefix part of the URN namespace specific string will provide a guide to where to find a resolution service, and the NBN register will identify the assigning agency. Once the NBN-based URN resolution is in global usage, the number of prefixes will slowly approach and may eventually exceed the number of national libraries.
URN命名空间特定字符串中（通常）基于国家代码的前缀部分将提供在何处查找解析服务的指南，NBN注册表将标识分配机构。一旦基于NBN的URN解析在全球使用，前缀的数量将缓慢接近，并可能最终超过国家图书馆的数量。
If NBN assignment for a given country is limited to the national bibliography database, then all NBN-based URNs for that country will be resolved there. In one model these databases contain detailed resource descriptions including URLs, which will point both to the copy of the document in the Internet and to the copy in the national library's (legal) deposit collection. Due to the limitations in the usage of legal deposit documents it is possible that the deposited electronic materials can not be delivered in electronic form outside the premises of the national library.
如果给定国家的NBN分配仅限于国家书目数据库，则该国家的所有基于NBN的URN将在该数据库中解决。在一个模型中，这些数据库包含详细的资源描述，包括URL，这些URL将指向互联网上的文档副本和国家图书馆（法律）收藏的副本。由于使用合法存放文件的限制，存放的电子材料可能无法在国家图书馆馆舍外以电子形式交付。
If it is possible for the authors and publishers to retrieve NBNs to Web documents and there is no obligation to deposit thus identified documents to the national library, URN resolution service is not possible without a national Web index and archive, maintained by the national library or other organisation(s). A Web index/archive will also resolve machine-generated URNs to the archived Web documents.
如果作者和出版商能够检索网络文档的NBN，并且没有义务将由此识别的文档存放到国家图书馆，则如果没有国家图书馆或其他组织维护的国家网络索引和档案，则无法提供URN解析服务。Web索引/归档还将把机器生成的URN解析为归档的Web文档。
Guidelines adopted by each national library define when different versions of a work should be assigned the same or differing NBNs. These rules apply only if identifier assignment is done manually. If identifiers are allocated programmatically, the only criteria that can be used is that two documents which are identical on the bit level (have the same MD5 checksum) are deemed identical and should receive the same NBN. The likelihood of this happening to dissimilar documents is about 2^64, according to the RFC 1321.
每个国家图书馆采用的指南定义了不同版本的作品何时应分配相同或不同的NBN。这些规则仅适用于手动完成标识符分配的情况。如果以编程方式分配标识符，则可以使用的唯一标准是，在位级别相同（具有相同MD5校验和）的两个文档被视为相同，并且应该接收相同的NBN。根据RFC1321，这种情况发生在不同文档上的可能性约为2^64。
The rules governing the usage of NBNs are less strict than those specifying the usage of ISBN or other, better established identifiers. Since the NBNs have up to now been given only by the personnel (cataloguers) working in the national libraries, the identifier assignment has in practice been well co-ordinated.
与指定ISBN或其他更完善的标识符的使用相比，管理NBN使用的规则没有那么严格。由于到目前为止，NBN仅由在国家图书馆工作的人员（编目员）提供，标识符分配在实践中得到了很好的协调。
A NBN-based URN will resolve to single instance of the work if identifier assignment has been automatic. Given the nature of NBNs it is also likely that different versions of the same work will receive different NBNs even if the identifier is given manually.
若标识符分配是自动的，则基于NBN的URN将解析为单个工作实例。鉴于NBN的性质，同一作品的不同版本也可能会收到不同的NBN，即使标识符是手动给出的。
This document proposes means of encoding several existing bibliographic identifiers within the URN framework. This document does not discuss resolution except at a very generic level; thus questions of secure or authenticated resolution mechanisms are out of scope. It does not address means of validating the integrity or authenticating the source or provenance of URNs that contain bibliographic identifiers. Issues regarding intellectual property
本文件提出了在URN框架内对几个现有书目标识符进行编码的方法。本文件仅在非常一般的层面上讨论解决方案；因此，安全或认证的解决机制问题超出了范围。它不涉及验证包含书目标识符的URN的完整性或验证其来源或出处的方法。关于知识产权的问题
rights associated with objects identified by the various bibliographic identifiers are also beyond the scope of this document, as are questions about rights to the databases that might be used to construct resolvers.
与各种书目标识符标识的对象相关的权利也超出了本文档的范围，关于可能用于构造解析器的数据库的权利的问题也超出了本文档的范围。
URN Namespace ID Registration for the National Bibliography Number (NBN)
国家书目编号（NBN）的URN名称空间ID注册
Namespace ID:
命名空间ID:
NBN
NBN
This Namespace ID has been in production use in demonstrator systems since summer 1998; thousands of URNs from this namespace have already been delivered in Finland, Sweden and Norway.
自1998年夏天以来，该名称空间ID已在演示系统中投入生产使用；芬兰、瑞典和挪威已经交付了来自该名称空间的数千个骨灰盒。
Registration Information:
注册资料：
Version: 3 Date: 2001-01-30 The first registration of the NID "NBN" was done via the URN WG in 1998. The second, slightly edited registration request was done in 1999.
版本：3日期：2001-01-30 1998年，通过URN工作组完成了NID“NBN”的首次注册。第二个稍加修改的登记请求是在1999年提出的。
Declared registrant of the namespace:
已声明命名空间的注册人：
Name: Juha Hakala E-mail: juha.hakala@helsinki.fi Affiliation: Helsinki University Library - The National Library of Finland, Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) and Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL) Address: P.O.Box 26, 00014 Helsinki University, Finland
姓名：Juha Hakala电子邮件：Juha。hakala@helsinki.fi附属机构：赫尔辛基大学图书馆-芬兰国家图书馆，欧洲国家图书馆员会议（CENL）和国家图书馆馆长会议（CDNL）地址：芬兰赫尔辛基大学00014号信箱26
Both CENL and CDNL made decisions to foster the usage of URNs during 1998. The latter organisation has set up a working group for this purpose. One item in the common work plan is utilisation of national bibliography numbers as URNs for identification of grey literature published in the Internet. The NBN namespace will be available for free for all national libraries in the world.
1998年，CENL和CDNL都做出了促进骨灰盒使用的决定。后者已为此目的成立了一个工作组。通用工作计划中的一个项目是利用国家书目编号作为URN识别互联网上发布的灰色文献。NBN名称空间将免费提供给世界上所有的国家图书馆。
Declaration of syntactic structure:
句法结构声明：
The namespace specific string will consist of three parts:
特定于命名空间的字符串将由三部分组成：
prefix, consisting of either a two-letter ISO 3166 country code or other registered string and sub-namespace codes,
前缀，由两个字母的ISO 3166国家代码或其他注册字符串和子命名空间代码组成，
delimiting characters (colon (:), or hyphen (-), and
分隔字符（冒号（：）或连字符（-）和
NBN string assigned by the national library.
国家图书馆指定的NBN字符串。
Colon is used as a delimiting character only within the prefix, between ISO 3166 country code and sub-namespace code, which splits the national namespace into smaller parts. This technique can be used when there are several national libraries, which all need their own namespaces, or when the national library allows trusted partners to set up their own sub-namespaces within the national NBN namespace.
冒号仅用作前缀内的定界字符，位于ISO 3166国家/地区代码和子命名空间代码之间，将国家/地区命名空间拆分为更小的部分。当有多个国家图书馆都需要自己的名称空间时，或者当国家图书馆允许受信任的合作伙伴在国家NBN名称空间中设置自己的子名称空间时，可以使用此技术。
Dividing non-ISO 3166-based namespaces further with sub-namespace codes is not allowed.
不允许使用子命名空间代码进一步划分非基于ISO 3166的命名空间。
Hyphen is used as a delimiting character between the prefix and the NBN string. Within the NBN string, hyphen can be used for separating different sections of the code from one another.
连字符用作前缀和NBN字符串之间的分隔符。在NBN字符串中，连字符可用于将代码的不同部分彼此分离。
Non-ISO prefixes used instead of the ISO country code must be registered. A global registry, maintained by the Library of Congress, will be created and made available via the Web. Contact information: nbn.register@loc.gov.us.
必须注册用于代替ISO国家代码的非ISO前缀。将建立一个由国会图书馆维护的全球登记册，并通过网络提供。联系方式：nbn。register@loc.gov.us.
All two-letter codes are reserved for existing and possible future ISO country codes and may not be used as non-ISO prefixes.
所有两个字母代码都保留用于现有和未来可能的ISO国家/地区代码，不得用作非ISO前缀。
Sub-namespace codes must be registered on the national level by the national library which assigned the code. The register must be available via the Web, and it should be accessible via the global registry set up by the Library of Congress.
子命名空间代码必须由分配代码的国家图书馆在国家一级注册。登记册必须通过网络提供，并且可以通过国会图书馆建立的全球登记册访问。
Models:
模型：
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>-<assigned NBN string>
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code:sub-namespace code>-<assigned NBN
string>
URN:NBN:<non-ISO 3166 prefix>-<assigned NBN string>
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code>-<assigned NBN string>
URN:NBN:<ISO 3166 country code:sub-namespace code>-<assigned NBN
string>
URN:NBN:<non-ISO 3166 prefix>-<assigned NBN string>
Example:
例子：
A country code-based URN: URN:NBN:fi-fe19981001 (A URN assigned by the National Library of Finland).
基于国家代码的URN:URN:NBN:fi-fe19981001（芬兰国家图书馆指定的URN）。
Relevant ancillary documentation:
相关辅助文件：
National Bibliography Number (NBN) is a generic name referring to a group of identifier systems used by the national libraries for identification of deposited publications which lack an identifier, or to descriptive metadata (cataloguing) that describes the resources. Each national library uses its own NBN system independently of other national libraries; there is no global authority which controls syntax of these identifier systems.
国家书目编号（NBN）是一个通用名称，指国家图书馆用于识别缺乏标识符的存放出版物的一组标识符系统，或描述资源的描述性元数据（编目）。每个国家图书馆独立于其他国家图书馆使用自己的NBN系统；没有控制这些标识符系统语法的全局权限。
Each national library can decide freely which resources will receive NBNs. These identifiers have traditionally been assigned to documents that do not have a publisher-assigned identifier, but are nevertheless catalogued to the national bibliography. Typically identification of grey publications have largely been dependent on NBNs.
每个国家图书馆可以自由决定哪些资源将获得NBN。传统上，这些标识符被分配给没有出版商指定标识符的文件，但仍被编入国家参考书目。通常，灰色出版物的识别在很大程度上依赖于NBN。
Some national libraries (Finland, Norway, Sweden) have established Web-based URN generators, which enable authors and publishers to fetch NBN-based URNs for their network documents.
一些国家图书馆（芬兰、挪威、瑞典）建立了基于Web的URN生成器，使作者和出版商能够为其网络文档获取基于NBN的URN。
Both syntax and scope of NBNs is decided by each national library independently. Typically, a NBN consist of one or more letters and a number.
NBN的语法和范围由每个国家图书馆独立决定。通常，NBN由一个或多个字母和一个数字组成。
Identifier uniqueness considerations:
标识符唯一性注意事项：
NBN strings assigned by two national libraries may be identical. For this reason usage of a controlled prefix in the namespace specific string is obligatory in order to guarantee global uniqueness of NBN-based URNs.
两个国家图书馆分配的NBN字符串可能相同。因此，为了保证基于NBN的URN的全局唯一性，必须在特定于命名空间的字符串中使用受控前缀。
In the national level, libraries utilise different policies for guaranteeing uniqueness. A national library may automate the delivery of NBN-based URNs. In this case, the NBNs are assigned sequentially by a program (URN generator).
在国家一级，图书馆利用不同的政策来保证独特性。国家图书馆可以自动交付基于NBN的骨灰盒。在这种情况下，NBN由程序（URN生成器）顺序分配。
Identifier persistence considerations:
标识符持久性注意事项：
Persistence of the NBNs as identifiers is guaranteed by the persistence of national libraries and information systems, such as national bibliographies, maintained by them. NBNs have been used for several centuries for printed materials. NBN-based identification of electronic documents is a recent practice, but it is likely to continue for a very long time.
国家图书馆和信息系统（如国家书目）的持久性保证了国家图书馆和信息系统作为标识符的持久性。NBN用于印刷材料已有几个世纪了。基于NBN的电子文档识别是最近的一种做法，但它可能会持续很长一段时间。
Process of identifier assignment:
标识符分配过程：
Assignment of NBN-based URNs is always controlled on national level by the national library / national libraries. The Conference of Directors of National Librarians (CDNL) has established in 1999 a task force, which will co-ordinate the URN usage in all national libraries.
基于NBN的URN的分配始终由国家图书馆/国家图书馆在国家一级控制。国家图书馆馆长会议（CDNL）于1999年成立了一个工作组，负责协调所有国家图书馆的URN使用。
National libraries may choose different strategies in assigning NBN-based URNs. One option is assignment by the library personnel only. This is done when the document is catalogued into the national bibliography. Thus in this case the national bibliography database will serve as the URN resolution service.
国家图书馆在分配基于NBN的URN时可能会选择不同的策略。一种选择是仅由图书馆人员分配。这是在将文件编入国家参考书目时完成的。因此，在这种情况下，国家书目数据库将作为URN解析服务。
A national library may also set up a URN generator (generators), and allow publishers and authors to retrieve NBN-based URNs from there. In this case there is no guarantee that the identified resource will ever be catalogued into the national bibliography, and URN resolution is dependent on Web index/archive.
国家图书馆还可以设置URN生成器，并允许出版商和作者从中检索基于NBN的URN。在这种情况下，无法保证已识别的资源将被编入国家参考书目，而URN解决方案取决于Web索引/归档。
Process for identifier resolution:
标识符解析过程：
URNs based on NBNs will be primarily resolved via the national bibliography databases. In one model these databases contain detailed resource descriptions including URLs, which will point both to the copy of the document in the Internet and to the copy in the national library's (legal) deposit collection. Due to the limitations in the usage of legal deposit documents it is possible that the deposited materials can not be delivered outside the premises of the national library.
基于NBN的URN将主要通过国家书目数据库解决。在一个模型中，这些数据库包含详细的资源描述，包括URL，这些URL将指向互联网上的文档副本和国家图书馆（法律）收藏的副本。由于使用法定存放文件的限制，存放的材料可能无法在国家图书馆馆舍外交付。
For those documents not catalogued into the national bibliography database URN resolution may take place via national or international Web indexes and/or archives. Nordic national libraries have established in autumn 2000 a joint initiative called Nordic Web Archive (NWA), which aims at creating a national Web archive into all Nordic countries. Indexes to these archive systems will be able to act as URN resolution services of any document which a) is or has been available via the Web, and b) had an URN embedded into it.
对于未编入国家书目数据库的文件，可通过国家或国际网络索引和/或档案进行URN解析。北欧国家图书馆于2000年秋季建立了一个称为北欧网络档案（NWA）的联合倡议，其目的是在所有北欧国家建立一个国家网络档案。这些归档系统的索引将能够充当任何文档的URN解析服务，这些文档a）可以通过Web访问，b）嵌入了URN。
Country code and additional sub-namespace information will provide a guide to where to find appropriate resolution services. For instance, if the country code is "fi", the primary resolution service is the national bibliography database. Secondary resolution service is the Web archive.
国家/地区代码和其他子命名空间信息将为在何处找到适当的解析服务提供指南。例如，如果国家代码为“fi”，则主要解析服务是国家书目数据库。二级解析服务是Web归档。
Generally, there will be one or more resolution services specified for each country, depending on the assignment policy and services of the national library. If NBN assignment is limited to the national bibliography database, then all NBN-based URNs for that country will be resolved there. If the authors and publishers have been allowed to retrieve NBNs to their Web resources, URN resolution services require a national Web archive. If other organisations have been allowed to assign NBNs, they may also set up their own URN resolution services.
通常，每个国家都会指定一个或多个解析服务，具体取决于任务分配政策和国家图书馆的服务。如果NBN分配仅限于国家书目数据库，则该国家所有基于NBN的URN将在那里解决。如果作者和出版商被允许将NBN检索到其Web资源中，则URN解析服务需要国家Web存档。如果允许其他组织分配NBN，它们也可以建立自己的URN解析服务。
Rules for Lexical Equivalence:
词汇对等规则：
None in the global level. Any national library may provide its own rules, on the basis of its NBN syntax.
在全球一级没有。任何国家图书馆都可以根据其NBN语法提供自己的规则。
Conformance with URN Syntax:
符合URN语法：
All NBNs we know of are ASCII strings consisting of letters (a-z) and numbers (0-9). If NBN contains characters that are reserved in the URN syntax, this data must be presented in hex encoded form as defined in RFC 2141. A national library may limit the full scope of its NBN strings in URN usage in such a way that there are no reserved characters in the URN namespace specific strings.
我们知道的所有NBN都是ASCII字符串，由字母（a-z）和数字（0-9）组成。如果NBN包含URN语法中保留的字符，则此数据必须以RFC 2141中定义的十六进制编码形式显示。国家图书馆可以在URN使用中限制其NBN字符串的全部范围，以使URN命名空间特定字符串中没有保留字符。
Validation mechanism:
验证机制：
None specified on the global level. A national library may use NBNs, which contain a checksum and can therefore be validated, but this is for the time being not a common practice.
在全局级别上未指定。国家图书馆可以使用包含校验和的NBN，因此可以进行验证，但目前这不是一种常见做法。
Scope:
范围：
Global.
全球的
[Daigle] Daigle, L., van Gulik, D., Iannella, R. and P. Faltstrom, "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms", RFC 2611, June 1999.
[Daigle]Daigle，L.，van Gulik，D.，Iannella，R.和P.Faltstrom，“URN命名空间定义机制”，RFC 26111999年6月。
[Lynch] Lynch, C., Preston, C. and R. Daniel, "Using Existing Bibliographic Identifiers as Uniform Resource Names", RFC 2288, February 1998.
[Lynch]Lynch，C.，Preston，C.和R.Daniel，“使用现有书目标识符作为统一资源名”，RFC 2288，1998年2月。
[Moats] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
[护城河]护城河，R.，“瓮语法”，RFC 21411997年5月。
Juha Hakala Helsinki University Library - The National Library of Finland P.O. Box 26 FIN-00014 Helsinki University FINLAND
Juha Hakala赫尔辛基大学图书馆-芬兰国家图书馆邮政信箱26 FIN-00014芬兰赫尔辛基大学
EMail: juha.hakala@helsinki.fi
EMail: juha.hakala@helsinki.fi
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Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
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