Network Working Group L. Slutsman, Editor
Request for Comments: 3136 AT&T Labs
Category: Informational I. Faynberg
H. Lu
M. Weissman
Lucent Technologies
June 2001
Network Working Group L. Slutsman, Editor
Request for Comments: 3136 AT&T Labs
Category: Informational I. Faynberg
H. Lu
M. Weissman
Lucent Technologies
June 2001
The SPIRITS Architecture
精神建筑
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document describes the architecture for supporting SPIRITS services, which are those originating in the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)and necessitating the interactions between the PSTN and the Internet. (Internet Call Waiting, Internet Caller-ID Delivery, and Internet Call Forwarding are examples of SPIRIT services.) Specifically, it defines the components constituting the architecture and the interfaces between the components.
本文档描述了支持SPRITS服务的体系结构，这些服务源自PSTN（公共交换电话网络），需要PSTN和Internet之间的交互。（Internet呼叫等待、Internet呼叫者ID传递和Internet呼叫转发是SPIRIT服务的示例。）具体来说，它定义了构成架构的组件以及组件之间的接口。
This document describes the architecture for supporting SPIRITS services, which are those originating in the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and necessitating the interactions between the PSTN and the Internet. (Internet Call Waiting, Internet Caller-ID Delivery, and Internet Call Forwarding are examples of SPIRIT services.) Specifically, it defines the components constituting the architecture and the interfaces between the components.
本文档描述了支持SPRITS服务的体系结构，这些服务源自PSTN（公共交换电话网络），需要PSTN和Internet之间的交互。（Internet呼叫等待、Internet呼叫者ID传递和Internet呼叫转发是SPIRIT服务的示例。）具体来说，它定义了构成架构的组件以及组件之间的接口。
The rest of the document is organized as follows:
本文件其余部分的组织如下：
+ Section 2 describes example SPIRITS services from the end-user point of view;
+ 第2节从最终用户的角度描述了示例服务；
+ Section 3 describes the SPIRITS architecture;
+ 第3节描述了SPIRITS架构；
+ Section 4 contains security considerations;
+ 第4节载有安全考虑；
+ Section 5 contains acknowledgments;
+ 第5节包含确认；
+ Section 6 contains references; and
+ 第6节包含参考文献；和
+ Appendix contains the figure.
+ 附录中包含该图。
To illustrate the motivation for the overall SPIRIT architecture, this section provides a brief description of the example SPIRITS services:
为了说明整个SPIRIT架构的动机，本节简要介绍了SPIRIT服务的示例：
+ Internet Call Waiting (ICW),
+ 互联网呼叫等待（ICW），
+ Internet Caller-ID Delivery, and
+ 互联网来电显示传送，以及
+ Internet Call Forwarding.
+ 互联网呼叫转移。
These services are considered from the end-user point of view under the assumptions below:
根据以下假设，从最终用户的角度考虑这些服务：
+ Service subscription (or cancellation) is a separate process and may be done over the telephone, via postal mail, or over the Web.
+ 服务订阅（或取消）是一个单独的过程，可以通过电话、邮政邮件或网络完成。
+ The subscriber's IP host (e.g., a PC) is loaded with the necessary software [including a Personal Identification Number (PIN) and the IP addresses of the SPIRITS servers] for realizing the SPIRITS services. The software may be sent by postal mail or downloaded from the Web.
+ 订户的IP主机（例如PC）加载了实现SPIRITS服务所需的软件[包括个人识别号（PIN）和SPIRITS服务器的IP地址]。软件可以通过邮寄或从网上下载。
+ The subscriber activates a SPIRITS service by an act of service session registration, which can take place anytime after he (or she) is connected to the Internet. The subscriber may specify the life span of the session. As soon as the session ends, the SPIRITS service is deactivated. Naturally, the subscriber should also be able to deactivate a SPIRITS service anytime during the service session.
+ 订户通过服务会话注册的行为激活服务，该行为可在他（或她）连接到Internet后的任何时间发生。订户可以指定会话的寿命。会话一结束，SPIRITS服务即被停用。当然，用户也应该能够在服务会话期间随时停用服务。
For certain services (such as ICW or Caller-ID Delivery) the assumption is that the service subscriber has a single telephone line and a PC, which is connected to the Internet via this telephone. (Only under this assumption these services make sense.) Nevertheless, in other services (such as Web-based Call Center, in which a call center assistant could re-direct or reject a call presented in a pop-up window) this assumption may be unnecessary or even inapplicable.
对于某些服务（如ICW或呼叫者ID传送），假设服务用户有一条电话线和一台PC，PC通过该电话连接到互联网。（只有在这种假设下，这些服务才有意义。）然而，在其他服务中（如基于Web的呼叫中心，呼叫中心助理可以重新引导或拒绝弹出窗口中显示的呼叫），这种假设可能是不必要的，甚至不适用。
The Internet call waiting service enables a subscriber engaged in an Internet dial-up session to
Internet呼叫等待服务使参与Internet拨号会话的用户能够
o be notified of an incoming call to the very same telephone line that is being used for the Internet connection;
o 接到与互联网连接使用的电话线相同的来电通知；
o specify the desirable treatment of the call; and
o 指定呼叫的理想处理方式；和
o have the call handled as specified.
o 按规定处理呼叫。
The details of the ICW service lie in the ways that a waiting call can be treated [1]. Typical ways for handling a call include:
ICW服务的细节在于等待呼叫的处理方式[1]。处理电话的典型方式包括：
+ Accept the incoming call over the PSTN by terminating the Internet connection. (As switching cannot be done immediately, the caller may hear an opening announcement followed by the "ringing" tone.)
+ 通过终止Internet连接接受PSTN上的传入呼叫。（由于无法立即切换，来电者可能会听到开场白，然后是“铃声”。）
+ Forward the incoming call to another telephone number. The subscriber will remain connected to the Internet, while the caller will hear an announcement indicating the call is being forwarded and eventually be connected to the new destination number.
+ 将来电转接到另一个电话号码。用户将保持与Internet的连接，而呼叫者将听到一条通知，指示呼叫正在转发，并最终连接到新的目的地号码。
+ Accept the incoming call by voice over IP. The subscriber will answer the incoming call via the already established Internet connection. (The proposed SPIRITS architecture, however, does not reflect this feature.)
+ 通过IP语音接听来电。用户将通过已建立的互联网连接接听来电。（然而，拟议的SPIRITS架构并未反映此功能。）
+ Redirect the incoming call to voice mail. The subscriber will remain connected to the Internet, while the caller will hear an announcement inviting him (or her) to leave a message.
+ 将来电重定向到语音邮件。订户将保持与互联网的连接，而来电者将听到一则通知，邀请他（或她）留言。
+ Play a pre-recorded message to the calling party and disconnect the call. The subscriber will remain connected to the Internet.
+ 向呼叫方播放预先录制的信息并断开呼叫。用户将保持与Internet的连接。
+ Reject the incoming call. The subscriber will remain connected to the Internet, while the caller will hear an announcement rejecting the call.
+ 拒绝接听来电。用户将保持与Internet的连接，而呼叫者将听到拒绝呼叫的通知。
The subscriber may specify the call treatment on the fly when notified of an incoming call. Alternatively, the subscriber may specify a priori a general treatment for all calls (e.g., re-directed to voice mail) or call treatments tailored to the origination numbers. As a result, when a call comes in, the subscriber won't be presented the call but can examine afterwards the treatment and outcome of the call from the log that is kept for all the calls
当接到来电通知时，用户可以动态指定呼叫处理。或者，订户可以为所有呼叫（例如，重新定向到语音邮件）指定先验的一般处理，或者根据发端号码定制的呼叫处理。因此，当呼叫进入时，用户将不会收到呼叫，但可以在之后从为所有呼叫保留的日志中检查呼叫的处理和结果
processed during the ICW service. Typical information recorded in the log includes the incoming call date and time, calling party number, calling party name, and call disposition.
在ICW服务期间处理。日志中记录的典型信息包括来电日期和时间、主叫方号码、主叫方名称和呼叫处理。
This service allows the subscriber to see the caller's number or name or both while being connected to the Internet. If the subscriber has only one telephone line and is using the very line for the Internet connection, the service is a subset of the ICW service and follows the relevant description in Section 2.1. Otherwise, the subscriber's IP host serves as an auxiliary device of the telephone to which the call is first sent.
此服务允许用户在连接到Internet时查看呼叫者的号码或姓名或两者。如果用户只有一条电话线，并且正在使用该电话线进行互联网连接，则该服务是ICW服务的一个子集，并遵循第2.1节中的相关描述。否则，用户的IP主机将作为第一次向其发送呼叫的电话的辅助设备。
The Internet call forwarding service allows a service subscriber to forward an incoming call to another telephone number while being connected to the Internet. If the subscriber has only one telephone line and is using the very line for the Internet connection, the service is a subset of the ICW service and follows the relevant description in Section 2.1. Otherwise, the subscriber's IP host serves as an auxiliary device of the telephone to which the call is first sent.
Internet呼叫转接服务允许服务用户在连接到Internet时将传入呼叫转接到另一个电话号码。如果用户只有一条电话线，并且正在使用该电话线进行互联网连接，则该服务是ICW服务的一个子集，并遵循第2.1节中的相关描述。否则，用户的IP主机将作为第一次向其发送呼叫的电话的辅助设备。
Figure 1 of the Appendix depicts the SPIRITS architecture, which includes the following entities:
附录图1描述了SPIRITS架构，其中包括以下实体：
1. Service Control Function (SCF) [2], which executes service logic, interacts with the entities in the IP domain (e.g., the SPIRITS Gateway and PINT Server) through the SPIRITS Client, and instructs the switches on how to complete a call. Physically, the SCF may be located in either stand-alone general-purpose computers called Service Control Points (SCPs) or specialized pieces of equipment called Service Nodes (SNs) [2].
1. 服务控制功能（SCF）[2]，执行服务逻辑，通过SPIRITS客户端与IP域中的实体（例如，SPIRITS网关和PINT服务器）交互，并指示交换机如何完成呼叫。在物理上，SCF可以位于称为服务控制点（SCP）的独立通用计算机或称为服务节点（SNs）的专用设备中[2]。
2. Service Switching Function (SSF) [2], which normally resides in a switch and is responsible for the recognition of Intelligent Network (IN) triggers and interactions with the SCF.
2. 服务交换功能（SSF）[2]，通常位于交换机中，负责识别智能网络（in）触发器以及与SCF的交互。
3. SPIRITS Client, which is responsible for receiving PSTN requests from the SCF as well as sending responses back. It may be co-located with the SCF. If not, it communicates with the SCF over the D interface.
3. SPIRITS客户端，负责接收来自SCF的PSTN请求并发送响应。它可能与SCF位于同一地点。如果没有，则通过D接口与SCF通信。
4. PINT Server, which receives PINT requests from the PINT Client and relays them to the PSTN for execution over the E interface.
4. PINT服务器，接收来自PINT客户端的PINT请求，并将其转发到PSTN，以便通过E接口执行。
5. SPIRITS Gateway, which is co-located with the PINT Server or PINT Gateway (or both when they are co-located as assumed here for simplicity) and serves as an intermediary between the SPIRITS Server and SPRITS Client via the B and C interfaces, respectively.
5. SPIRITS网关，与PINT服务器或PINT网关位于同一位置（或为简单起见，此处假定两者位于同一位置），并分别通过B和C接口作为SPIRITS服务器和SPRITS客户端之间的中介。
6. PINT Client, which resides in the subscriber's IP host and is responsible for initiating PINT requests, which are sent to the PINT server over the A interface.
6. PINT客户端，驻留在订户的IP主机中，负责启动PINT请求，并通过A接口发送到PINT服务器。
7. SPIRITS Server, which terminates PSTN requests and is responsible for all interactions (e.g., incoming call notification and relaying the call treatment) between the subscriber and the SPIRITS Gateway.
7. SPIRITS服务器，它终止PSTN请求，并负责用户和SPIRITS网关之间的所有交互（例如，传入呼叫通知和中继呼叫处理）。
The rest of the Section describes the interfaces between the entities in detail.
本节的其余部分详细描述了实体之间的接口。
This interface is used for sending PINT requests to PINT Server. Its principal use is for service session registration and as a result activation of a SPIRITS service (see Section 2). In addition, this interface may be used for service subscription.
此接口用于向PINT服务器发送PINT请求。它的主要用途是服务会话注册，并因此激活SPIRITS服务（参见第2节）。此外，此接口还可用于服务订阅。
This interface serves two main purposes: 1) to notify the subscriber of incoming calls together with the calling number and name, if available; and 2) to send to the SPRITS Gateway the subscriber's choice of call disposition specified on the fly.
此接口有两个主要用途：1）通知用户来电以及主叫号码和姓名（如果可用）；以及2）向SPRITS网关发送用户对动态指定的呼叫处理的选择。
This interface is used for communications between the SPIRITS Client and SPIRITS Gateway. The SPIRITS Gateway may in turn communicate with the SPIRITS Server, or may act as a virtual server, terminating the requests without sending them down to the SPIRITS Server.
此接口用于SPIRITS客户端和SPIRITS网关之间的通信。SPIRITS网关可依次与SPIRITS服务器通信，或充当虚拟服务器，在不将请求发送到SPIRITS服务器的情况下终止请求。
This interface is for communications between the SPIRITS Client and the SCF. Specifically, from the SCF to the SPIRITS Client, the parameters associated with the applicable IN triggers are sent. From the SPIRITS Client to SCF, the subscriber's call disposition is sent.
此接口用于SPIRITS客户端和SCF之间的通信。具体地说，从SCF到SPIRITS客户端，发送与适用IN触发器相关的参数。从SPIRITS客户端到SCF，用户的呼叫处理被发送。
The SCF "transforms" the user's disposition into appropriate actions, such as playing an announcement to the caller, and resuming the suspended call processing in the SSP.
SCF将用户的处置“转换”为适当的操作，例如向呼叫者播放公告，并在SSP中恢复暂停的呼叫处理。
This interface is for sending PINT requests to the SCF for execution.
此接口用于向SCF发送PINT请求以执行。
As Figure 1 demonstrates, there are two distinct communications interfaces, B and C. The B interface is, in general, across the public Internet and is thus most vulnerable to security attacks resulting in theft or denial of service. The C interface, on the other hand is likely to be implemented across a service provider's intranet, where the security measures should be applied at the discretion of the service provider. Even then, because at least one IP host (the PINT gateway) is connected to the Internet, special measures (e.g., installation of firewalls, although this particular measure alone may be insufficient) need to be taken to protect the interface C and the rest of the network from security attacks.
如图1所示，有两个不同的通信接口，B和C。通常，B接口跨越公共互联网，因此最容易受到导致盗窃或拒绝服务的安全攻击。另一方面，C接口可能在服务提供商的内部网中实现，安全措施应由服务提供商自行决定。即使如此，由于至少有一个IP主机（PINT网关）连接到Internet，因此需要采取特殊措施（例如安装防火墙，尽管仅此特定措施可能不够）来保护接口C和网络的其余部分免受安全攻击。
The assumption that the PINT Client and SPIRITS server are co-located, dictates that the security considerations for the A and B interfaces are exactly the same. Detailed security requirements and solutions for interface A (and, consequently, B) can be found in RFC 2848 [3]. In addition, security requirements are listed in the companion SPIRITS Protocol Requirements RFC.
PINT客户端和SPIRITS服务器位于同一位置的假设表明，A和B接口的安全考虑因素完全相同。接口A（以及因此而产生的接口B）的详细安全要求和解决方案可在RFC 2848[3]中找到。此外，协议要求RFC中列出了安全要求。
We would like to thank Alec Brusilovsky, Jorgen Bjorkner, Scott Bradner, Jim Buller, Lawrence Conroy, Jorge Gato, Dave Hewins, Naoto Makinae, and Dave Shrader for their comments and input.
我们要感谢Alec Brusilovsky、Jorgen Bjorkner、Scott Bradner、Jim Buller、Lawrence Conroy、Jorge Gato、Dave Hewins、Naoto Makinae和Dave Shrader的评论和意见。
[1] Lu, H., Editor, Faynberg, I., Voelker, J., Weissman, M., Zhang, W., Rhim, S., Hwang, J., Ago, S., Moeenuddin, S., Hadvani, S., Nyckelgard, S., Yoakum, J. and L. Robart, "Pre-SPIRITS Implementations of PSTN-Initiated Services", RFC 2995, November 2000.
[1] 卢，H.，编辑，费恩伯格，I.，沃克尔，J.，魏斯曼，M.，张，W.，Rhim，S.，黄，J.，阿戈，莫埃努丁，S.，哈瓦尼，S.，尼克尔加德，S.，约克姆，J.和L.罗巴特，“PSTN发起的服务的前精神实现”，RFC 29952000年11月。
[2] Faynberg, I., L. Gabuzda, M. Kaplan, and N.Shah, "The Intelligent Network Standards: Their Application to Services", McGraw-Hill, 1997.
[2] Faynberg，I.，L.Gabuzda，M.Kaplan和N.Shah，“智能网络标准：它们在服务中的应用”，McGraw-Hill，1997年。
[3] Petrack, S. and L. Conroy, "The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP Access to Telephone Call Services", RFC 2848, June 2000.
[3] Petrack，S.和L.Conroy，“PINT服务协议：电话呼叫服务IP接入的SIP和SDP扩展”，RFC 28482000年6月。
Appendix
附录
......................
+----------------+ . .
| +------------+ | . +------------+ .
| | | | A . | | .
| | PINT Client|********************|PINT Server/|********
| | | | . Gateway | *
| +------------+ | . +------------+ . *
| | . . *
| Subscriber's | . . *
| | . . *
| IP Host | . . *
| | . +------------+ . *
| +------------+ | . | SPIRITS | . *
| | SPIRITS | | B . | Gateway | . *
| | Server |********************| | . * E
| | | | . +------------+ . *
| +------------+ | . * . *
+----------------+ . * . *
...........*.......... *
//-------\\ * *
/// \\\ * *
| Subscriber's | * C *
| Telephone | * *
\\\ /// * *
\\ -------// * *
* * *
* * *
++++++++++++++++++++++++++ PSTN ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
* * *
* * *
* +------------------+ *
* Line | SPIRITS Client | *
* | | *
+--------------------+ +---+----- D ---------+-*+
| | INAP/SS7 | |
|Service Switching ************Service Control Function |
| Function | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
+--------------------+
......................
+----------------+ . .
| +------------+ | . +------------+ .
| | | | A . | | .
| | PINT Client|********************|PINT Server/|********
| | | | . Gateway | *
| +------------+ | . +------------+ . *
| | . . *
| Subscriber's | . . *
| | . . *
| IP Host | . . *
| | . +------------+ . *
| +------------+ | . | SPIRITS | . *
| | SPIRITS | | B . | Gateway | . *
| | Server |********************| | . * E
| | | | . +------------+ . *
| +------------+ | . * . *
+----------------+ . * . *
...........*.......... *
//-------\\ * *
/// \\\ * *
| Subscriber's | * C *
| Telephone | * *
\\\ /// * *
\\ -------// * *
* * *
* * *
++++++++++++++++++++++++++ PSTN ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
* * *
* * *
* +------------------+ *
* Line | SPIRITS Client | *
* | | *
+--------------------+ +---+----- D ---------+-*+
| | INAP/SS7 | |
|Service Switching ************Service Control Function |
| Function | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
+--------------------+
Figure 1: SPIRITS Architecture
图1:SPIRITS架构
Authors' Addresses
作者地址
Igor Faynberg Lucent Technologies Room 4D-601A 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030 US
Igor Faynberg-Lucent Technologies 4D-601A室，美国新泽西州霍姆德尔克劳福德角路101号，邮编：07733-3030
Phone: +1 732 949 0137
EMail: faynberg@lucent.com
Phone: +1 732 949 0137
EMail: faynberg@lucent.com
Hui-Lan Lu Lucent Technologies Room 4C-607A 101 Crawfords Corner Road Holmdel, NJ 07733-3030 US
美国新泽西州霍姆德尔克劳福德角路101号惠兰路朗讯科技4C-607A室07733-3030
Phone: +1 732 949 0321
EMail: huilanlu@lucent.com
Phone: +1 732 949 0321
EMail: huilanlu@lucent.com
Mark Weissman Lucent Technologies Room NE406B 200 Lucent Lane Cary, NC 27511
马克·韦斯曼·朗讯科技公司NE406B室，北卡罗来纳州卡里朗讯巷200号，邮编27511
Phone: +1 919 463 3258
EMail: maw1@lucent.com
Phone: +1 919 463 3258
EMail: maw1@lucent.com
Lev Slutsman AT&T Labs Room D5-3D26 200 Laurel Avenue Middletown, NJ 07748
Lev Slutsman AT&T实验室D5-3D26室，新泽西州劳雷尔大道中城200号，邮编07748
Phone: 732-420-3756 EMail: lslutsman@att.com
电话：732-420-3756电子邮件：lslutsman@att.com
Full Copyright Statement
完整版权声明
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的衍生作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改本文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对互联网协会或其他互联网组织的引用，除非出于制定互联网标准的需要，在这种情况下，必须遵循互联网标准过程中定义的版权程序，或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件和其中包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，互联网协会和互联网工程任务组否认所有明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。
Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC编辑功能的资金目前由互联网协会提供。