Network Working Group J. Dunn
Request for Comments: 3133 C. Martin
Category: Informational ANC, Inc.
June 2001
Network Working Group J. Dunn
Request for Comments: 3133 C. Martin
Category: Informational ANC, Inc.
June 2001
Terminology for Frame Relay Benchmarking
帧中继基准测试术语
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This memo discusses and defines terms associated with performance benchmarking tests and the results of these tests in the context of frame relay switching devices.
本备忘录讨论并定义了与性能基准测试相关的术语，以及帧中继交换设备中这些测试的结果。
I. Background
一、背景
This document provides terminology for Frame Relay switching devices. It extends terminology already defined for benchmarking network interconnect devices in RFCs 1242, 1944 and 2285. Although some of the definitions in this memo may be applicable to a broader group of network interconnect devices, the primary focus of the terminology in this memo is on Frame Relay Signaling.
本文件提供了帧中继交换设备的术语。它扩展了RFCs 1242、1944和2285中已定义的网络互连设备基准测试术语。尽管本备忘录中的一些定义可能适用于更广泛的网络互连设备组，但本备忘录中术语的主要重点是帧中继信令。
This memo contains two major sections: Background and Definitions. The background section provides the reader with an overview of the technology and IETF formalisms. The definitions section is split into two sub-sections. The formal definitions sub-section is provided as a courtesy to the reader. The measurement definitions sub-section contains performance metrics with inherent units.
本备忘录包含两个主要部分：背景和定义。背景部分向读者概述了该技术和IETF形式。“定义”部分分为两个子部分。提供正式定义小节是为了向读者表示礼貌。“度量定义”小节包含具有固有单位的性能度量。
The BMWG produces two major classes of documents: Benchmarking Terminology documents and Benchmarking Methodology documents. The Terminology documents present the benchmarks and other related terms. The Methodology documents define the procedures required to collect the benchmarks cited in the corresponding Terminology documents.
BMWG产生两大类文件：基准术语文件和基准方法文件。术语文件介绍了基准和其他相关术语。方法文件规定了收集相应术语文件中引用的基准所需的程序。
For the purposes of computing several of the metrics, certain textual conventions are required. Specifically:
为了计算多个度量，需要某些文本约定。明确地：
1) The notation sum {i=1 to N} A_i denotes: the summation of N instances of the observable A. For example, the set of observations {1,2,3,4,5} would yield the result 15.
1) 符号sum{i=1到N}A_i表示：可观测A的N个实例的总和。例如，观测集{1,2,3,4,5}将产生结果15。
2) The notation max {I=1 to N} A_i and min {I=1 to N} A_i denotes: the maximum or minimum of the observable A over N instances. For example, given the set of observations {1,2,3,4,5}, max {i=1 to 5} = 5 and min {I=1 to 5} = 1.
2) 符号max{I=1到N}A_I和min{I=1到N}A_I表示：N个实例上可观测A的最大值或最小值。例如，给定一组观测值{1,2,3,4,5}，max{i=1到5}=5，min{i=1到5}=1。
The terms defined in this memo will be used in addition to terms defined in RFCs 1242, 1944 and 2285. This memo is a product of the Benchmarking Methodology Working Group (BMWG) of the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF).
除RFCs 1242、1944和2285中定义的术语外，还将使用本备忘录中定义的术语。本备忘录是互联网工程任务组（IETF）基准方法工作组（BMWG）的产品。
RFC 1242, "Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnect Devices", should be consulted before attempting to make use of this document. RFC 1944, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", contains discussions of a number of terms relevant to the benchmarking of switching devices and should also be consulted. RFC 2285, "Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices", contains a number of terms pertaining to traffic distributions and datagram interarrival. For the sake of clarity and continuity this RFC adopts the template for definitions set out in Section 2 of RFC 1242.
在尝试使用本文件之前，应参考RFC 1242“网络互连设备的基准术语”。RFC 1944，“网络互连设备的基准测试方法”，包含与交换设备基准测试相关的许多术语的讨论，也应参考。RFC 2285，“LAN交换设备的基准术语”，包含了许多与流量分布和数据报到达间隔相关的术语。为了清晰和连续性，本RFC采用RFC 1242第2节规定的定义模板。
II. Definitions
二,。定义
The definitions presented in this section have been divided into two groups. The first group is formal definitions, which are required in the definitions of the performance metrics but are not themselves strictly metrics. These definitions are subsumed from other work done in other working groups both inside and outside the IETF. They are provided as a courtesy to the reader.
本节中给出的定义分为两组。第一组是正式定义，这些定义在性能指标的定义中是必需的，但它们本身并不是严格意义上的指标。这些定义包含在IETF内外其他工作组的其他工作中。它们是作为对读者的礼貌而提供的。
Term to be defined.
待定义的术语。
Definition: The specific definition for the term.
定义：该术语的具体定义。
Discussion: A brief discussion of the term, its application and any restrictions on measurement procedures.
讨论：简要讨论该术语、其应用和对测量程序的任何限制。
Specification: The working group and document in which the term is specified. Listed in the references.
规范：指定术语的工作组和文件。在参考文献中列出。
Definition: Access channel refers to the user access channel across which frame relay data travels. Within a given DS-3, T1 or E1 physical line, a channel can be one of the following, depending of how the line is configured. Possible line configurations are:
定义：访问通道是指帧中继数据通过的用户访问通道。在给定的DS-3、T1或E1物理线路中，信道可以是以下之一，具体取决于线路的配置方式。可能的线路配置包括：
A. Unchannelized: The entire DS-3/T1/E1 line is considered a channel, where:
A.未退火：整个DS-3/T1/E1线路被视为一个信道，其中：
The DS-3 line operates at speeds of 45 Mbps and is a single channel. The T1 line operates at speeds of 1.536 Mbps and is a single channel consisting of 24 T1 time slots. The E1 line operates at speeds of 1.984 Mbps and is a single channel consisting of 30 DS0 time slots.
DS-3线路以45 Mbps的速度运行，为单通道。T1线路以1.536 Mbps的速度运行，是由24个T1时隙组成的单通道。E1线路以1.984 Mbps的速度运行，是由30个DS0时隙组成的单通道。
B. Channelized: The channel is any one of N time slots within a given line, where:
B.信道化：信道是给定线路内N个时隙中的任意一个，其中：
The T1 line consists of any one or more channels. Each channel is any one of 24 time slots. The T1 line operates at speeds in multiples of 56/64 Kbps to 1.536 Mbps, with aggregate speed not exceeding 1.536 Mbps. The E1 line consists of one or more channels. Each channel is any one of 31 time slots. The E1 line operates at speeds in multiples of 64 Kbps to 1.984 Mbps, with aggregate speed not exceeding 1.984 Mbps.
T1线路由一个或多个通道组成。每个通道是24个时隙中的任意一个。T1线路以56/64 Kbps到1.536 Mbps的倍数运行，总速度不超过1.536 Mbps。E1线路由一个或多个信道组成。每个通道是31个时隙中的任意一个。E1线路以64 Kbps到1.984 Mbps的倍数运行，总速度不超过1.984 Mbps。
C. Fractional: The T1/E1 channel is one of the following groupings of consecutively or non-consecutively assigned time slots:
C.分数：T1/E1信道是以下连续或非连续分配时隙分组之一：
N DS0 time slots (NX56/64Kbps where N = 1 to 24 DS0 time slots per FT1 channel).
N个DS0时隙（NX56/64Kbps，其中每个FT1通道N=1到24个DS0时隙）。
N E1 time slots (NX64Kbps, where N = 1 to 30 DS0 time slots per E1 channel).
N个E1时隙（NX64Kbps，其中每个E1通道N=1到30个DS0时隙）。
Discussion: Access channels specify the physical layer interface speed of a DTE or DCE. In the case of a DTE, this may not correspond to either the CIR or EIR. Specifically, based on the service level agreement in place, the user may not be able to access the entire bandwidth of the access channel.
讨论：访问通道指定DTE或DCE的物理层接口速度。在DTE的情况下，这可能不对应于CIR或EIR。具体地，基于现有的服务级别协议，用户可能无法访问接入信道的整个带宽。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: The data rate of the user access channel. The speed of the access channel determines how rapidly (maximum rate) the end user can inject data into a frame relay network.
定义：用户访问通道的数据速率。接入信道的速度决定最终用户向帧中继网络注入数据的速度（最大速率）。
Discussion: See Access Channel.
讨论：参见访问频道。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: BECN is a bit in the frame relay header. The bit is set by a congested network node in any frame that is traveling in the reverse direction of the congestion.
定义：BECN是帧中继头中的一位。位由拥塞网络节点在任何帧中设置，该帧沿拥塞的相反方向移动。
Discussion: When a DTE receives frames with the BECN bit asserted, it should begin congestion avoidance procedures. Since the BECN frames are traveling in the opposite direction as the congested traffic, the DTE will be the sender. The frame relay layer may communicate the possibility of congestion to higher layers, which have inherent congestion avoidance procedures, such as TCP. See Frame Relay Frame.
讨论：当DTE接收到断言BECN位的帧时，它应该开始拥塞避免过程。由于BECN帧与拥塞的业务以相反的方向移动，DTE将成为发送方。帧中继层可以将拥塞的可能性传达给具有固有拥塞避免过程（例如TCP）的更高层。请参阅帧中继帧。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: The maximum amount of uncommitted data (in bits) in excess of Committed Burst Size (Bc) that a frame relay network can attempt to deliver during a Committed Rate Measurement Interval (Tc). This data (Be) generally is delivered with a lower probability than Bc. The network treats Be data as discard eligible.
定义：在提交速率测量间隔（Tc）期间，帧中继网络可尝试传输的超过提交突发大小（Bc）的最大未提交数据量（位）。该数据（Be）的交付概率通常低于Bc。网络将Be数据视为丢弃合格数据。
Discussion: See also Committed burst Size (Bc), Committed Rate Measurement Interval (Tc) and Discard Eligible (De).
讨论：另请参见提交的突发大小（Bc）、提交的速率测量间隔（Tc）和丢弃合格（De）。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: The maximum amount of data (in bits) that the network agrees to transfer, under normal conditions, during a time interval Tc.
定义：在正常情况下，在一个时间间隔Tc内，网络同意传输的最大数据量（以位为单位）。
Discussion: See also Excess Burst Size (Be) and Committed Rate Measurement Interval (Tc).
讨论：另请参见过量突发大小（Be）和提交速率测量间隔（Tc）。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: CIR is the transport speed the frame relay network will maintain between service locations when data is presented.
定义：CIR是数据呈现时帧中继网络在服务位置之间保持的传输速度。
Discussion: CIR specifies the guaranteed data rate between two frame relay terminal connected by a frame relay network. Data presented to the network in excess of this data rate and below the Excess Information Rate (EIR) will be marked as Discard Eligible and may be dropped.
讨论：CIR指定由帧中继网络连接的两个帧中继终端之间的保证数据速率。超过此数据速率且低于超额信息速率（EIR）的数据将被标记为符合丢弃条件，并可能被丢弃。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: The time interval during which the user can send only Bc-committed amount of data and Be excess amount of data. In general, the duration of Tc is proportional to the "burstiness" of the traffic. Tc is computed (from the subscription parameters of CIR and Bc) as Tc = Bc/CIR. Tc is not a periodic time interval. Instead, it is used only to measure incoming data, during which it acts like a sliding window. Incoming data triggers the Tc interval, which continues until it completes its computed duration.
定义：用户只能发送Bc提交的数据量，而不能发送过量数据的时间间隔。一般来说，Tc的持续时间与流量的“突发性”成正比。Tc（根据CIR和Bc的订阅参数）计算为Tc=Bc/CIR。Tc不是周期性时间间隔。相反，它仅用于测量传入的数据，在此期间，它就像一个滑动窗口。传入数据触发Tc间隔，该间隔将持续到完成计算的持续时间。
Discussion: See also Committed Information Rate (CIR) and committed Burst Size (Bc).
讨论：另请参见提交的信息速率（CIR）和提交的突发大小（Bc）。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: A computational means to ensure the accuracy of frames transmitted between devices in a frame relay network. The mathematical function is computed, before the frame is transmitted,
定义：一种计算方法，用于确保帧中继网络中设备之间传输的帧的准确性。在传输帧之前，计算数学函数，
at the originating device. Its numerical value is computed based on the content of the frame. This value is compared with a recomputed value of the function at the destination device. See also Frame Check Sequence (FCS).
在原始设备上。其数值是根据框架的内容计算的。将该值与目标设备上重新计算的函数值进行比较。另请参见帧检查序列（FCS）。
Discussion: CRC is not a measurement, but it is possible to measure the amount of time to perform a CRC on a string of bits. This measurement will not be addressed in this document.
讨论：CRC不是一种测量，但可以测量对一串位执行CRC的时间量。本文件将不讨论该测量。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: Term defined by both frame relay and X.25 committees, that applies to switching equipment and is distinguished from the devices that attach to the network (DTE).
定义：帧中继和X.25委员会定义的术语，适用于交换设备，与连接到网络（DTE）的设备不同。
Discussion: Also see DTE.
讨论：另见DTE。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: A unique number assigned to a PVC end point in a frame relay network. Identifies a particular PVC endpoint within a user's access channel in a frame relay network and has local significance only to that channel.
定义：帧中继网络中分配给PVC端点的唯一编号。标识帧中继网络中用户接入信道内的特定PVC端点，并且仅对该信道具有本地意义。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: Any network equipment terminating a network connection and is attached to the network. This is distinguished from Data Communications Equipment (DCE), which provides switching and connectivity within the network.
定义：任何终止网络连接并连接到网络的网络设备。这与数据通信设备（DCE）不同，后者提供网络内的交换和连接。
Discussion: See also DCE.
讨论：另见DCE。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: This is a bit in the frame relay header that provides a two level priority indicator, used to bias discard frames in the event of congestion toward lower priority frames. Similar to the CLP bit in ATM.
定义：这是帧中继报头中的一位，提供两级优先级指示器，用于在拥塞情况下将丢弃帧偏向低优先级帧。类似于ATM中的CLP位。
Discussion: See Frame Relay Frame.
讨论：请参阅帧中继帧。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: Frames identified as being eligible to be dropped in the event of congestion.
定义：被确定为在拥塞情况下有资格丢弃的帧。
Discussion: The discard eligible field in the frame relay header is the correct -- and by far the most common -- means of indicating which frames may be dropped in the event of congestion. However, DE is not the only means of identifying which frames may be dropped. There are at least three other cases that apply.
讨论：帧中继报头中的discard Qualified字段是正确的——也是最常见的——指示在发生拥塞时可能丢弃哪些帧的方法。然而，DE并不是识别哪些帧可能被丢弃的唯一方法。至少还有三种情况适用。
In the first case, network devices may prioritize frame relay traffic by non-DE means. For example, many service providers prioritize traffic on a per-PVC basis. In this instance, any traffic from a given DLCI (data link channel identifier) may be dropped during congestion, regardless of whether DE is set.
在第一种情况下，网络设备可以通过非DE方式对帧中继业务进行优先级排序。例如，许多服务提供商根据每个PVC对流量进行优先排序。在这种情况下，来自给定DLCI（数据链路信道标识符）的任何通信量都可能在拥塞期间被丢弃，而不管是否设置了DE。
In the second case, some implementations use upper-layer criteria, such as IP addresses or TCP or UDP port numbers, to prioritize traffic within a single PVC. In this instance, the network device may evaluate discard eligibility based on upper-layer criteria rather than the presence or absence of a DE bit.
在第二种情况下，一些实现使用上层标准（如IP地址或TCP或UDP端口号）来对单个PVC中的流量进行优先级排序。在这种情况下，网络设备可以基于上层标准而不是DE比特的存在或不存在来评估丢弃合格性。
In the third case, the frame is discarded because of an error in the frame. Specifically, frames that are too long or too short, frames that are not a multiple of 8 bits in length, frames with an invalid or unrecognized DLCI, frames with an abort sequence, frames with improper flag delimitation, and frames that fail FCS.
在第三种情况下，由于帧中的错误而丢弃帧。具体而言，是指过长或过短的帧、长度不是8位倍数的帧、具有无效或无法识别的DLCI的帧、具有中止序列的帧、具有不正确标志定界的帧以及FCS失败的帧。
Specification: FRMIB
规格：FRMIB
Definition: Those frames dropped by a network device.
定义：网络设备丢弃的帧。
Discussion: Discardable and discarded frames are not synonymous. Some implementations may ignore DE bits or other criteria, even though they supposedly use such criteria to determine which frames to drop in the event of congestion.
讨论：可丢弃帧和已丢弃帧不是同义词。一些实现可能忽略DE位或其他标准，即使它们假定使用这些标准来确定在发生拥塞时丢弃哪些帧。
In other cases, a frame with its DE bit set may not be dropped. One example of this is in cases where congestion clears before the frame can be evaluated.
在其他情况下，可能不会丢弃设置了DE位的帧。这方面的一个例子是在可以评估帧之前拥塞清除的情况。
Specification: DN
规格：DN
Definition: FECN is a bit in the frame relay header. The bit is set by a congested network node in any frame that is traveling in the same direction of the congestion.
定义：FECN是帧中继头中的一位。该位由拥塞网络节点在与拥塞方向相同的任何帧中设置。
Discussion: When a DTE receives frames with the FECN bit asserted, it should begin congestion avoidance procedures. Since the FECN frames are traveling in the same direction as the congested traffic, the DTE will be the receiver. The frame relay layer may communicate the possibility of congestion to higher layers, which have inherent congestion avoidance procedures, such as TCP. See Frame Relay Frame.
讨论：当DTE接收到断言FECN位的帧时，它应该开始拥塞避免过程。由于FECN帧与拥塞业务在同一方向上移动，因此DTE将是接收器。帧中继层可以将拥塞的可能性传达给具有固有拥塞避免过程（例如TCP）的更高层。请参阅帧中继帧。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: The standard 16-bit cyclic redundancy check used for HDLC and frame relay frames. The FCS detects bit errors occurring in the bits of the frame between the opening flag and the FCS, and is only effective in detecting errors in frames no larger than 4096 octets. See also Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
定义：用于HDLC和帧中继帧的标准16位循环冗余校验。FCS检测在打开标志和FCS之间的帧位中发生的位错误，并且仅在检测不大于4096个八位字节的帧中的错误时有效。另见循环冗余校验（CRC）。
Discussion: FCS is not a measurement, but it is possible to measure the amount of time to perform a FCS on a string of bits. This measurement will not be addressed in this document.
讨论：FCS不是测量，但可以测量对一串位执行FCS的时间量。本文件将不讨论该测量。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: Frame enters a network section or end system. The event occurs when the last bit of the closing flag of the frame crosses the boundary.
定义：帧进入网络段或终端系统。当帧的结束标志的最后一位越过边界时发生该事件。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF.13
规格：FRF.13
Definition: Frame exits a network section or end system. The event occurs when the first bit of the address field of the frame crosses the boundary.
定义：帧退出网络段或终端系统。当帧的地址字段的第一位跨越边界时发生该事件。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF.13
规格：FRF.13
Definition: A high-performance interface for packet-switching networks; considered more efficient that X.25. Frame relay technology can handle "bursty" communications that have rapidly changing bandwidth requirements.
定义：用于分组交换网络的高性能接口；被认为比X.25更有效。帧中继技术可以处理带宽需求快速变化的“突发”通信。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: A logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit over a transmission medium. Frame relay frames consist of a pair of flags, a header, a user data payload and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Bit stuffing differentiates user data bytes from flags. By default, the header is two octets, of which 10 bits are the Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), 1 bit in each octet is used for address extension (AE), and 1 bit each for Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (FECN), Backward Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN) Command/Response (C/R) and Discard Eligible (DE). The EA bit is set to one in the final octet containing the DLCI. A header may span 2, 3 or 4 octets.
定义：在传输介质上作为链路层单元发送的信息的逻辑分组。帧中继帧由一对标志、一个报头、一个用户数据有效载荷和一个帧检查序列（FCS）组成。位填充区分用户数据字节和标志。默认情况下，报头是两个八位字节，其中10位是数据链路连接标识符（DLCI），每个八位字节中的1位用于地址扩展（AE），1位用于前向显式拥塞通知（FECN）、后向显式拥塞通知（BECN）命令/响应（C/R）和丢弃合格（DE）。EA位在包含DLCI的最后一个八位字节中设置为1。报头可以跨越2、3或4个八位字节。
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLAG |
|-------------------------------|
| Upper 6 bits of DLCI |C/R|AE |
|-------------------------------|
| DLCI |FE |BE |DE |AE |
| |CN |CN | | |
|-------------------------------|
| User Data up to |
| 1600 Octets |
|-------------------------------|
| First Octet of FCS |
|-------------------------------|
| Second Octet of FCS |
|-------------------------------|
| FLAG |
|-------------------------------|
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLAG |
|-------------------------------|
| Upper 6 bits of DLCI |C/R|AE |
|-------------------------------|
| DLCI |FE |BE |DE |AE |
| |CN |CN | | |
|-------------------------------|
| User Data up to |
| 1600 Octets |
|-------------------------------|
| First Octet of FCS |
|-------------------------------|
| Second Octet of FCS |
|-------------------------------|
| FLAG |
|-------------------------------|
Discussion: Frame Relay headers spanning 3 or 4 octets will not be discussed in this document. Note, the measurements described later in this document are based on 2 octet headers. If longer headers are used, the metric values must take into account the associated overhead. See BECN, DE, DLCI and FECN.
讨论：本文档将不讨论跨越3或4个八位字节的帧中继头。注意，本文档后面描述的测量基于2个八位字节头。如果使用较长的标头，则度量值必须考虑相关的开销。参见BECN、DE、DLCI和FECN。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: See Burst Excess.
定义：请参阅突发过量。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: FRF.5 defines a protocol mapping called Network Interworking between
定义：FRF.5定义了一个称为网络互通的协议映射
Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). Protocol mapping occurs when the network performs conversions in such a way that within a common layer service, the protocol information of one protocol is extracted and mapped on protocol information of another protocol. This means that each communication terminal supports different protocols. The common layer service provided in this
帧中继和异步传输模式（ATM）。当网络以这样的方式执行转换时，协议映射发生：在公共层服务中，一个协议的协议信息被提取并映射到另一个协议的协议信息上。这意味着每个通信终端支持不同的协议。本文档中提供的公共层服务
interworking scenario is defined by the functions, which are common to the two protocols. Specifically, the ATM terminal must be configured to interoperate with the Frame Relay network and vice versa.
互通场景由两个协议共用的函数定义。具体而言，ATM终端必须配置为与帧中继网络互操作，反之亦然。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF.5
规格：FRF.5
Definition: See Access Rate
定义：见访问率
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF
规格：FRF
Definition: FRF.8 defines a protocol encapsulation called Service Interworking. Protocol encapsulation occurs when the conversions in the network or in the terminals are such that the protocols used to provide one service make use of the layer service provided by another protocol. This means that at the interworking point, the two protocols are stacked. When encapsulation is performed by the terminal, this scenario is also called interworking by port access. Specifically, the ATM service user performs no Frame Relaying specific functions, and Frame Relaying service user performs no ATM service specific functions.
定义：FRF.8定义了一个称为服务互通的协议封装。当网络或终端中的转换使得用于提供一个服务的协议利用另一个协议提供的层服务时，协议封装发生。这意味着在互通点，两个协议是堆叠的。当终端执行封装时，这种情况也称为端口访问互通。具体地说，ATM服务用户不执行特定于帧中继的功能，并且帧中继服务用户不执行特定于ATM服务的功能。
Discussion: None.
讨论：无。
Specification: FRF.8
规格：FRF.8
Definition: The service availability parameters report the operational readiness of individual frame relay virtual connections. Service availability is affected by service outages.
定义：服务可用性参数报告单个帧中继虚拟连接的操作就绪情况。服务可用性受服务中断的影响。
Discussion: Service availability parameters provide metrics for assessment of frame relay network health and are used to monitor compliance with service level agreements. See Services Outages.
讨论：服务可用性参数提供用于评估帧中继网络健康状况的指标，并用于监控对服务级别协议的遵从性。请参阅服务中断。
Specification: FRF.13
规格：FRF.13
Definition: Any event that interrupts the transport of frame relay traffic. Two types of outages are differentiated:
定义：中断帧中继通信传输的任何事件。有两种不同类型的停机：
1) Fault outages: Outages resulting from faults in the network and thus tracked by the service availability parameters, and
1) 故障停机：由网络故障引起的停机，因此由服务可用性参数跟踪，以及
2) Excluded outages: Outages resulting from faults beyond the control of the network as well as scheduled maintenance.
2) 排除的停机：由网络无法控制的故障以及计划维护造成的停机。
Discussion: Service availability can be defined on a per-VC basis and/or on a per-port basis. Frame relay port-based service availability parameters are not addressed in this document. See Service Availability Parameters.
讨论：服务可用性可以根据每个VC和/或每个端口进行定义。基于帧中继端口的服务可用性参数不在本文档中讨论。请参阅服务可用性参数。
Specification: FRF.13
规格：FRF.13
Metric to be defined.
待定义的度量。
Definition: The specific definition for the metric.
定义：度量的特定定义。
Discussion: A brief discussion of the metric, its application and any restrictions on measurement procedures.
讨论：简要讨论度量、其应用和对测量程序的任何限制。
Measurement units: Intrinsic units used to quantify this metric. This includes subsidiary units, e.g., microseconds are acceptable if the intrinsic unit is seconds.
度量单位：用于量化此度量的固有单位。这包括辅助单位，例如，如果固有单位为秒，则可接受微秒。
Definition: An all 1's frame transmitted after the DTE or DCE detects a defect for 2.5 s +/- 0.5 s.
定义：DTE或DCE检测到缺陷2.5秒+/-0.5秒后传输的所有1帧。
Discussion: An AIS will cause loss of information in the PDH frame, which contains a frame relay frame which may contain IP datagrams.
讨论：AIS将导致PDH帧中的信息丢失，PDH帧包含可能包含IP数据报的帧中继帧。
Measurement units: Dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: An NE transmits an LOF when an OOF condition persists.
定义：当OOF条件持续存在时，网元发送LOF。
Discussion: A LOF will cause loss of information in the PDH frame, which contains a frame relay frame which may contain IP datagrams.
讨论：LOF将导致PDH帧中的信息丢失，PDH帧包含可能包含IP数据报的帧中继帧。
Measurement units: Dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: Indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received signal.
定义：表示接收信号中没有发生转换。
Discussion: A LOS will cause loss of information in the PDH frame which contains a frame relay frame which may contain IP datagrams.
讨论：LOS将导致PDH帧中的信息丢失，PDH帧包含可能包含IP数据报的帧中继帧。
Measurement units: Dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: An NE transmits an OOF downstream when it receives framing errors in a specified number of consecutive frame bit positions.
定义：当网元在指定数量的连续帧位位置接收到帧错误时，向下游发送OOF。
Discussion: An OOF will cause loss of information in the PDH frame which contains a frame relay frame which may contain IP datagrams.
讨论：OOF将导致包含可能包含IP数据报的帧中继帧的PDH帧中的信息丢失。
Measurement units: Dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: Previously called Yellow Alarm. Transmitted upstream by an NE to indicate that it detected an LOS, LOF, or AIS.
定义：以前称为黄色报警。由网元向上游传输，以指示其检测到LOS、LOF或AIS。
Discussion: An RAI will cause loss of information in the transmitted PDH frame, which may contain a frame relay frame, which, in turn, may contain IP datagrams.
讨论：RAI将导致传输的PDH帧中的信息丢失，该帧可能包含帧中继帧，而帧中继帧又可能包含IP数据报。
Measurement units: Dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The DDR service level parameter reports the networks effectiveness in transporting offered data (payload without address field or FCS) in one direction of a single virtual connection. The
定义：DDR服务级别参数报告在单个虚拟连接的一个方向上传输所提供数据（无地址字段或FCS的有效负载）的网络有效性。这个
DDR is a ratio of successful payload octets received to attempted payload octets transmitted. Attempted payload octets transmitted are referred to as DataOffered. Successfully delivered payload octets are referred to as DataDelivered. These loads are further differentiated as being within the committed information rate or as burst excess.
DDR是成功接收的有效负载八位字节与尝试发送的有效负载八位字节的比率。尝试传输的有效载荷八位字节称为数据提供。成功交付的有效负载八位字节称为数据交付。这些负载被进一步区分为在提交的信息速率内或突发过量。
Three data relay ratios may be reported:
可报告三个数据中继比率：
Data Delivery Ratio (DDR):
数据传输率（DDR）：
(DataDelivered_c + DataDelivered_e DataDelivered_e+c
DDR = --------------------------------- = -----------------
(DataOffered_c + DataOffered_e) DataOffered_e+c
(DataDelivered_c + DataDelivered_e DataDelivered_e+c
DDR = --------------------------------- = -----------------
(DataOffered_c + DataOffered_e) DataOffered_e+c
Data Delivery Ratio (DDR_c) for load consisting of frames within the committed information rate:
由提交信息速率内的帧组成的负载的数据交付率（DDR_c）：
DataDelivered_c
DDR_c = -------------
DataOffered_c
DataDelivered_c
DDR_c = -------------
DataOffered_c
Data Delivery Ratio (DDR_e) for load in excess of the committed information rate:
负载超过提交的信息速率时的数据传递率（DDR_e）：
DataDelivered_e
DDR_e = ---------------
DataOffered_e
DataDelivered_e
DDR_e = ---------------
DataOffered_e
where
哪里
DataDelivered_c: Successfully delivered data payload octets within committed information rate,
DataDelivered_c：在提交的信息速率内成功交付数据有效负载八位字节，
DataDelivered_e: Successfully delivered data payload octets in excess of CIR,
DataDelivered_e：成功交付超过CIR的数据有效负载八位字节，
DataDelivereD_e+c: Successfully delivered total data payload octets, including those within committed information rate and those in excess of CIR,
DataDelivereD_e+c：成功交付总数据有效负载八位字节，包括承诺信息速率内的八位字节和超过CIR的八位字节，
DataOffered_c: Attempted data payload octet transmissions within committed information rate,
DataU c：在提交的信息速率内尝试数据有效负载八位字节传输，
DataOffered_e: Attempted data payload octet transmissions in excess of CIR
提供的数据：尝试的数据有效负载八位字节传输超过CIR
and
和
DataOffered_e+c: Attempted total data payload octet transmissions, including those within committed information rate and those in excess of CIR
DataOffered_e+c：尝试的总数据有效负载八位字节传输，包括在提交的信息速率内的传输和超过CIR的传输
Each direction of a full duplex connection has a discrete set of data delivery ratios.
全双工连接的每个方向都有一组离散的数据传输比率。
Discussion: Data delivery ratio measurements may not be representative of data delivery effectiveness for a given application. For example, the discarding of a small frame containing an acknowledgement message may result in the retransmission of a large number of data frames. In such an event, a good data delivery ratio would be reported while the user experienced poor performance.
讨论：对于给定的应用程序，数据交付比率测量可能不能代表数据交付的有效性。例如，丢弃包含确认消息的小帧可能导致重传大量数据帧。在这种情况下，当用户体验到性能不佳时，会报告良好的数据交付率。
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The FDR service level parameter reports the networks effectiveness in transporting an offered frame relay load in one direction of a single virtual connection. The FDR is a ratio of successful frame receptions to attempted frame transmissions. Attempted frame transmissions are referred to as Frames Offered. Successfully delivered frames are referred to as Frames Delivered. These loads may be further differentiated as being within the committed information rate or as burst excess.
定义：FDR服务级别参数报告网络在单个虚拟连接的一个方向上传输提供的帧中继负载的有效性。FDR是成功的帧接收与尝试的帧传输的比率。尝试的帧传输被称为提供的帧。成功交付的帧称为已交付的帧。这些负载可以进一步区分为在提交的信息速率内或突发过量。
Frame Delivery Ratio (FDR):
帧传送比（FDR）：
Frame Delivery Ratio (FDR):
帧传送比（FDR）：
(FramesDelivered_c + FramesDelivered_e) FramesDelivered_e+c
FDR = ------------------------------------- = -------------------
(FramesOffered_c + FramesOffered_e) FramesOffered_e+c
(FramesDelivered_c + FramesDelivered_e) FramesDelivered_e+c
FDR = ------------------------------------- = -------------------
(FramesOffered_c + FramesOffered_e) FramesOffered_e+c
Frame Delivery Ratio (FDR_c) for load consisting of frames within the committed information rate:
由提交信息速率内的帧组成的负载的帧交付率（FDR_c）：
FramesDelivered_c
FDR_c = -----------------
FramesOffered_c
FramesDelivered_c
FDR_c = -----------------
FramesOffered_c
Frame Delivery Ratio (FDR_c) for load in excess of the committed information rate:
负载超过提交的信息速率时的帧传送比（FDR_c）：
FramesDelivered_e
FDR_e = -----------------
FramesOffered_e
FramesDelivered_e
FDR_e = -----------------
FramesOffered_e
where
哪里
FramesDelivered_c: Successfully delivered frames within committed information rate,
FramesDelivered_c:以提交的信息速率成功交付帧，
FramesDelivered_e: Successfully delivered frames in excess of CIR,
FramesDelivered_e:已成功交付超过CIR的帧，
FramesDelivered_e+c: Successfully delivered total frames, including those within committed information rate and those in excess of CIR,
FramesDelivered_e+c：成功交付的总帧数，包括在提交信息速率内的帧数和超过CIR的帧数，
FramesOffered_c: Attempted frame transmissions within committed information rate,
FramesOffered_c：在提交的信息速率内尝试帧传输，
FramesOffered_e: Attempted frame transmissions in excess of CIR
FramesOffered_e：尝试的帧传输超过CIR
and
和
FramesOffered_e+c: Attempted total frame transmissions, including those within committed information rate and those in excess of CIR.
FramesOffered_e+c：尝试的总帧传输，包括在提交的信息速率内的传输和超过CIR的传输。
An independent set of frame delivery ratios exists for each direction of a full duplex connection.
全双工连接的每个方向都有一组独立的帧传送比。
Discussion: Frame delivery ratio measurements may not be representative of frame delivery effectiveness for a given application. For example, the discarding of a small frame containing an acknowledgement message may result in the retransmission of a large number of data frames. In such an event, a good data delivery ratio would be reported while the user
讨论：对于给定的应用，框架交付比率测量可能不能代表框架交付的有效性。例如，丢弃包含确认消息的小帧可能导致重传大量数据帧。在这种情况下，当用户
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The number of received frames that are discarded because of a frame error divided by the total number of transmitted frames in one direction of a single virtual connection. Frame errors are defined as follows:
定义：由于帧错误而丢弃的接收帧数除以单个虚拟连接的一个方向上传输的帧总数。帧错误定义如下：
1) frames that are too long or too short, 2) frames that are not a multiple of 8 bits in length, 3) frames with an invalid or unrecognized DLCI, 4) frames with an abort sequence, 5) frames with improper flag delimitation, 6) frames that fail FCS.
1) 太长或太短的帧，2）长度不是8位的倍数的帧，3）具有无效或无法识别的DLCI的帧，4）具有中止序列的帧，5）具有不正确标志定界的帧，6）FCS失败的帧。
The formal definition of frame discard ratio is as follows:
帧丢弃率的形式定义如下：
sum {i=1 to N} fr_i
FDR = -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
sum {i=1 to N} fr_i
FDR = -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
where
哪里
fr_i is the number of successfully delivered frames for a particular DLCI at second i
fr_i是在第二i处为特定DLCI成功交付的帧数
and
和
ft_i is the total number of attempted frame transmissions within the committed plus extended information rate for a particular DLCI at second i.
ft_i是在第二i处特定DLCI的提交加扩展信息速率内尝试的帧传输总数。
Discussion: Frame discards can adversely effect applications running on IP over FR. In general, frame discards will negatively impact TCP throughput; however, in the case of frame discard due to frame error, frame discard will improve performance by dropping errored frames. As a result, these frames will not adversely effect the forwarding of retransmitted frames
讨论：帧丢弃会对在IP over FR上运行的应用程序产生负面影响。通常，帧丢弃会对TCP吞吐量产生负面影响；但是，在由于帧错误而丢弃帧的情况下，帧丢弃将通过丢弃错误帧来提高性能。结果，这些帧不会对重传帧的转发产生不利影响
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The number of received frames that contain an error in the frame payload divided by the total number of transmitted frames in one direction of a single virtual connection.
定义：帧有效负载中包含错误的接收帧数除以单个虚拟连接一个方向上传输的帧总数。
The formal definition of frame error ratio is as follows:
帧差错率的形式定义如下：
sum {i=1 to N} fe_i
FER = -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
sum {i=1 to N} fe_i
FER = -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
where
哪里
fe_i is the number of frames containing a payload error for a particular DLCI at second i
fe_i是在第二i处包含特定DLCI的有效负载错误的帧数
and
和
ft_i is the total number of attempted frame transmissions within the committed plus the extended information rate for a particular DLCI at second i. This statistic includes those frames which have an error
ft_i是提交帧内尝试的帧传输总数加上第二i处特定DLCI的扩展信息速率。此统计信息包括有错误的帧
in the Frame Check Sequence (FCS). Frame errors in the absence of FCS errors can be detected by sending frames containing a known pattern; however, this indicates an equipment defect.
在帧检查序列（FCS）中。在没有FCS错误的情况下，可以通过发送包含已知模式的帧来检测帧错误；但是，这表明存在设备缺陷。
Discussion: The delivery of frames containing errors will adversely effect applications running on IP over FR. Typically, these errors are caused by transmission errors and flagged as failed FCS frames; however, when Frame Relay to ATM Network interworking is used, an error may be injected in the frame payload which, in turn, is encapsulated into an AAL5 PDU (see RFC 2761 for a discussion of AAL5 related metrics).
讨论：包含错误的帧的交付将对在IP over FR上运行的应用程序产生不利影响。通常，这些错误是由传输错误引起的，并标记为失败的FCS帧；然而，当使用帧中继到ATM网络互通时，可能会在帧有效载荷中注入错误，而帧有效载荷又被封装到AAL5 PDU中（有关AAL5相关度量的讨论，请参阅RFC 2761）。
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The number of frames received by the network and treated as excess traffic divided by the total number of transmitted frames in one direction of a single virtual connection. Frames which are sent to the network with DE set to zero are treated as excess when more than Bc bits are submitted to the network during the Committed Information Rate Measurement Interval (Tc). Excess traffic may or may not be discarded at the ingress if more than Bc + Be bits are submitted to the network during Tc. Traffic discarded at the ingress is not recorded in this measurement. Frames which are sent to the network with DE set to one are also treated as excess traffic.
定义：网络接收到并被视为多余流量的帧数除以单个虚拟连接的一个方向上传输的帧总数。当在提交的信息速率测量间隔（Tc）期间向网络提交超过Bc位时，发送到网络且DE设置为零的帧被视为多余帧。如果在Tc期间向网络提交超过Bc+be比特，则在入口处可以丢弃或不丢弃多余的通信量。入口丢弃的流量不记录在此测量中。发送到网络并取消设置为1的帧也被视为过量流量。
The formal definition of frame excess ratio is as follows:
帧超额率的形式定义如下：
sum {i=1 to N} fc_i
FXR = 1 - -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
sum {i=1 to N} fc_i
FXR = 1 - -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
where
哪里
fc_i is the total number of frames which were submitted within the traffic contract for a particular DLCI at second i
fc_i是在第二个i时在特定DLCI的流量合同中提交的帧总数
and
和
ft_i is the total number of attempted frame transmissions for a particular DLCI at second i.
ft_i是在第二i处针对特定DLCI尝试的帧传输总数。
Discussion: Frame discards can adversely effect applications running on IP over FR. Specifically, frame discards will negatively impact TCP throughput.
讨论：帧丢弃会对在IP over FR上运行的应用程序产生负面影响。具体而言，帧丢弃会对TCP吞吐量产生负面影响。
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The FLR is a ratio of successful frame receptions to attempted frame transmissions at the committed information rate, in one direction of a single virtual connection. Attempted frame transmissions are referred to as Frames Offered. Successfully delivered frames are referred to as Frames Delivered.
定义：FLR是在单个虚拟连接的一个方向上，以提交的信息速率成功接收帧与尝试传输帧的比率。尝试的帧传输被称为提供的帧。成功交付的帧称为已交付的帧。
The formal definition of frame loss ratio is as follows:
帧丢失率的形式定义如下：
FramesDelivered_c
FLR = 1- -----------------
FramesOffered_c,
FramesDelivered_c
FLR = 1- -----------------
FramesOffered_c,
where
哪里
FramesDelivered_c is the successfully delivered frames within committed information rate for a given DLCI
FramesDelivered_c是在给定DLCI的提交信息速率内成功交付的帧
and
和
FramesOffered_c is the attempted frame transmissions within committed information rate for a given DLCI
FramesOffered_c是在给定DLCI的提交信息速率内尝试的帧传输
An independent set of frame delivery ratios exists for each direction of a full duplex connection.
全双工连接的每个方向都有一组独立的帧传送比。
Discussion: Frame delivery loss measurements may not be representative of frame delivery effectiveness for a given application. For example, the loss of a small frame containing an acknowledgement message may result in the retransmission of a large number of data frames. In such an event, a good data delivery ratio would be reported while the user
讨论：对于给定的应用，框架交付损失测量可能不能代表框架交付的有效性。例如，丢失包含确认消息的小帧可能导致重传大量数据帧。在这种情况下，当用户
Measurement units: dimensionless.
测量单位：无量纲。
Definition: The number of frames received by the network and treated as excess traffic and dropped divided by the total number of received frames, in one direction of a single virtual connection. Frames which are sent to the network with DE set to zero are treated as excess when more than Bc bits are submitted to the network during the Committed Information Rate Measurement Interval (Tc). Excess traffic may or may not be discarded at the ingress if more than Bc + Be bits are submitted to the network during Tc. Traffic discarded at the ingress is recorded in this measurement. Frames which are sent to the network with DE set to one are also treated as excess traffic.
定义：在单个虚拟连接的一个方向上，网络接收到并被视为多余流量和丢弃的帧数除以接收到的帧总数。当在提交的信息速率测量间隔（Tc）期间向网络提交超过Bc位时，发送到网络且DE设置为零的帧被视为多余帧。如果在Tc期间向网络提交超过Bc+be比特，则在入口处可以丢弃或不丢弃多余的通信量。在入口丢弃的流量记录在此测量中。发送到网络并取消设置为1的帧也被视为过量流量。
The formal definition of frame excess ratio is as follows:
帧超额率的形式定义如下：
sum {i=1 to N} fr_i
FPR = 1- -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
sum {i=1 to N} fr_i
FPR = 1- -------------------
sum {i=1 to N} ft_i,
where
哪里
fr_i is the successfully delivered frames for a particular DLCI at second i
fr_i是在第二i处为特定DLCI成功交付的帧
and
和
ft_i is the total number of attempted frame transmissions for a particular DLCI
ft_i是特定DLCI尝试的帧传输总数
at second i.
在第二个i。
Discussion: Frame discards can adversely effect applications running on IP over FR. Specifically, frame discards will negatively impact TCP throughput.
讨论：帧丢弃会对在IP over FR上运行的应用程序产生负面影响。具体而言，帧丢弃会对TCP吞吐量产生负面影响。
Definition: The time required to transport frame relay data from measurement point 1 to measurement point 2. The frame transfer delay is the difference in seconds between the time a frame exits measurement point 1 and the time the same frame enters measurement point 2, in one direction of a single virtual connection. The formal definition of frame transfer delay is as follows:
定义：将帧中继数据从测量点1传输到测量点2所需的时间。帧传输延迟是在单个虚拟连接的一个方向上，帧离开测量点1的时间与同一帧进入测量点2的时间之间的秒差。帧传输延迟的正式定义如下：
FTD = 1/N * sum {i=1 to N} t2_i - t1_i,
FTD=1/N*sum{i=1到N}t2_i-t1_i，
where
哪里
t1_i is the time in seconds when the ith frame leaves measurement point 1 (i.e., frame exit event),
t1_i是第i帧离开测量点1（即帧退出事件）的时间（以秒为单位），
t2 is the time in seconds when the ith frame arrives at measurement point 2 (i.e., frame entry event)
t2是第i帧到达测量点2时的时间（即帧进入事件）
and
和
N is the number of frames received during a measurement interval T.
N是在测量间隔T期间接收的帧数。
FTD is computed for a specific DLCI and a specified integration period of T seconds. The computation does not include frames which are transmitted during the measurement period but not received.
FTD是针对特定的DLCI和指定的T秒积分周期计算的。计算不包括在测量期间发送但未接收的帧。
Discussion: While frame transfer delay is usually computed as an average and, thus, can effect neither IP nor TCP performance, applications such as voice over IP may be adversely effected by excessive FTD.
讨论：虽然帧传输延迟通常计算为平均值，因此不会影响IP或TCP性能，但IP语音等应用程序可能会因FTD过多而受到不利影响。
Measurement units: seconds.
测量单位：秒。
Definition: The variation in the time required to transport frame relay data from measurement point 1 to measurement point 2. The frame transfer delay variation is the difference in seconds between maximum frame transfer delay and the minimum frame transfer delay, in one direction of a single virtual connection. The formal definition of frame transfer delay is as follows:
定义：将帧中继数据从测量点1传输到测量点2所需时间的变化。帧传输延迟变化是单个虚拟连接的一个方向上最大帧传输延迟和最小帧传输延迟之间的秒差。帧传输延迟的正式定义如下：
FTDV = max {i=1 to N} FTD_i - min {i=1 to N} FTD_i.
FTDV=max{i=1到N}FTD_i-min{i=1到N}FTD_i。
where
哪里
FTD and N are defined as above.
FTD和N的定义如上所述。
Discussion: Large values of FTDV can adversely effect TCP round trip time calculation and, thus, TCP throughput.
讨论：FTDV的大值会对TCP往返时间计算产生不利影响，从而影响TCP吞吐量。
Measurement units: seconds.
测量单位：秒。
As this document is solely for providing terminology and describes neither a protocol nor an implementation, there are no security considerations associated with this document.
由于本文档仅用于提供术语，并且既不描述协议也不描述实现，因此本文档没有相关的安全注意事项。
Internet Engineering Task Force
互联网工程专责小组
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights, which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director.
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Frame Relay Forum
帧中继论坛
Copyright Frame Relay Forum 1998. All Rights Reserved. References FRF, FRF.5, FRF.8 and FRF.13 and translations of them may be copied and furnished to others, and works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in their implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, these documents themselves may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Frame Relay Forum, except as needed for the purpose of developing Frame Relay standards (in which case the procedures for copyrights defined by the Frame Relay Forum must be followed), or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
版权所有帧中继论坛1998。版权所有。参考文件FRF、FRF.5、FRF.8和FRF.13及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改这些文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对帧中继论坛的引用，除非出于制定帧中继标准的目的（在这种情况下，必须遵循帧中继论坛定义的版权程序），或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
[DN] Private communication from David Newman, Network Test, Inc.
[DN]来自网络测试公司David Newman的私人通信。
[FRF] Frame Relay Forum Glossary, http://www.frforum.com, 1999.
[FRF]帧中继论坛词汇表，http://www.frforum.com, 1999.
[FRF.5] Frame Relay Forum, Frame Relay/ATM PVC Network Interworking Implementation Agreement, December 1994.
[FRF.5]帧中继论坛，帧中继/ATM PVC网络互通实施协议，1994年12月。
[FRF.8] Frame Relay Forum, Frame Relay/ATM PVC Service Interworking Implementation Agreement, April 1995.
[FRF.8]帧中继论坛，帧中继/ATM PVC业务互通实施协议，1995年4月。
[FRF.13] Frame Relay Forum, Service Level Definitions Implementation Agreement, August 1998.
[FRF.13]帧中继论坛，服务级别定义实施协议，1998年8月。
[FRMIB] Rehbehn, K and D. Fowler, "Definitions of Managed Objects for Frame Relay Service", RFC 2954, October 2000.
[FRMIB]Rehbehn，K和D.Fowler，“帧中继服务的托管对象定义”，RFC 2954，2000年10月。
Jeffrey Dunn Advanced Network Consultants, Inc. 4214 Crest Place Ellicott City, MD 21043 USA
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Phone: +1 (410) 750-1700
EMail: Jeffrey.Dunn@worldnet.att.net
Phone: +1 (410) 750-1700
EMail: Jeffrey.Dunn@worldnet.att.net
Cynthia Martin Advanced Network Consultants, Inc. 4214 Crest Place Ellicott City, MD 21043 USA
Cynthia Martin Advanced Network Consultants，Inc.美国马里兰州埃利科特市克雷斯特广场4214号，邮编：21043
Phone: +1 (410) 750-1700
EMail: Cynthia.E.Martin@worldnet.att.net
Phone: +1 (410) 750-1700
EMail: Cynthia.E.Martin@worldnet.att.net
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完整版权声明
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Acknowledgement
确认
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