Network Working Group S. Rozenfeld
Request for Comments: 3044 ISSN International Centre
Category: Informational January 2001
Network Working Group S. Rozenfeld
Request for Comments: 3044 ISSN International Centre
Category: Informational January 2001
Using The ISSN (International Serial Standard Number) as URN (Uniform Resource Names) within an ISSN-URN Namespace
在ISSN-URN命名空间中将ISSN（国际序列号标准）用作URN（统一资源名）
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
This document presents how the ISSN - International Standard Serial Number - which is a persistent number for unique identification of serials widely recognised and used in the bibliographic world, can be supported within the Uniform Resource Name (URN) framework as a specific URN namespace identifier.
本文档介绍了ISSN（国际标准序列号）作为一个特定的URN名称空间标识符在统一资源名（URN）框架内如何得到支持。ISSN是一个持久的编号，用于唯一标识书目世界中广泛认可和使用的序列。
An ISSN URN resolution system using the ISSN identifier as Uniform resource Name within an ISN URN Namespace has been developed by the ISSN International Centre (ISSN-IC) and is operating as a demonstrator to evaluate all requirements to deploy it in an operational environment.
ISSN国际中心（ISSN-IC）开发了一个ISSN URN解析系统，该系统使用ISSN标识符作为ISN URN命名空间中的统一资源名称，并作为演示者运行，以评估在作战环境中部署该系统的所有要求。
This proceeds from concepts and proposals developed in several IETF RFCs emphasising the way to implement and to use "recognised" existing numbering system within the URN framework (RFC 2248, RFC 2141, RFC 2611).
这得益于几个IETF RFC中制定的概念和建议，强调如何在URN框架内实施和使用“公认”的现有编号系统（RFC 2248、RFC 2141、RFC 2611）。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
2. The ISSN system ............................................... 3
2.1 The ISSN code .............................................. 3
2.2 Construction of ISSN ...................................... 3
2.3 The ISSN Bibliographic record .............................. 4
2.4 The ISSN Network ........................................... 4
2.5 The ISSN Register .......................................... 5
3. The ISSN and URN .............................................. 5
3.1 compatibility .............................................. 5
3.2 identification and access .................................. 7
4 Resolution .................................................... 7
4.1 Overview of the ISSN URN Resolution system ................. 8
4.2 Global Resolution .......................................... 9
5. Registration of an ISSN URN Namespace ......................... 10
6. Security Considersations ...................................... 13
7. References .................................................... 13
8. Contact information and useful links .......................... 14
9. Full Copyright Statement ...................................... 15
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
2. The ISSN system ............................................... 3
2.1 The ISSN code .............................................. 3
2.2 Construction of ISSN ...................................... 3
2.3 The ISSN Bibliographic record .............................. 4
2.4 The ISSN Network ........................................... 4
2.5 The ISSN Register .......................................... 5
3. The ISSN and URN .............................................. 5
3.1 compatibility .............................................. 5
3.2 identification and access .................................. 7
4 Resolution .................................................... 7
4.1 Overview of the ISSN URN Resolution system ................. 8
4.2 Global Resolution .......................................... 9
5. Registration of an ISSN URN Namespace ......................... 10
6. Security Considersations ...................................... 13
7. References .................................................... 13
8. Contact information and useful links .......................... 14
9. Full Copyright Statement ...................................... 15
The ISSN International Centre has undertaken in 1999-2000 an URN implementation taking advantage of the functional compatibility between the ISSN and the URN.
ISSN国际中心在1999-2000年利用ISSN和URN之间的功能兼容性实施了URN。
The present implementation at the ISSN-IC Centre based on IETF RFCs on URN includes a centralised resolution system which allows direct access to electronic resources by using the ISSN identifiers as Uniform Resource Names within an ISSN URN Namespace.
ISSN-IC中心基于URN上的IETF RFCs的当前实施包括一个集中解决系统，该系统允许通过使用ISSN标识符作为ISSN URN命名空间内的统一资源名称直接访问电子资源。
It demonstrates that the URN can integrate existing identifiers from well established identification schemes used by the bibliographic community.
它表明，URN可以集成书目社区使用的已建立的标识方案中的现有标识。
Nevertheless, to deploy this demonstrator into a wider operational system a responsible body or infrastructure is needed to assign namespaces and manage an RDS/NAPTR global resolution framework. It is intended here that serials refer to all forms of serials published in printed form as well as in form of electronic resources. Since this document contains a Registration form for an ISSN URN Namespace, this form also includes some paragraphs already present in other parts of this document.
然而，为了将该演示器部署到更广泛的操作系统中，需要一个负责的机构或基础设施来分配名称空间和管理RDS/NAPTR全局解析框架。在这里，连载是指以印刷形式和电子资源形式出版的所有形式的连载。由于本文档包含ISSN URN名称空间的注册表单，因此本表单还包括本文档其他部分中已有的一些段落。
All figures and descriptions are dated 13 July 2000.
所有图和说明的日期均为2000年7月13日。
The ISSN system results from a joint UNESCO and ICSU-AB working group on bibliographic descriptions set up in 1967 in order to establish a world registry of serial titles currently issued, stored or archived.
ISSN系统是教科文组织和ICSU-AB联合成立的书目描述工作组的成果，该工作组成立于1967年，目的是建立目前发行、储存或存档的系列书目世界登记册。
Today, the ISSN system which is defined by an International standard (ISO 3297), relies on two main data elements:
如今，由国际标准（ISO 3297）定义的ISSN系统依赖于两个主要数据元素：
The International Standard Serial Number which is a unique identifier for a specific serial publication.
国际标准序列号，是特定系列出版物的唯一标识符。
The key-title, which is a unique name assigned to a serial, and is inseparably linked with its ISSN.
密钥标题是分配给序列号的唯一名称，与序列号有着不可分割的联系。
And on a well established framework: the ISSN International network.
并建立了一个完善的框架：ISSN国际网络。
The ISSN - International Standard Serials Number is defined in the ISO standard 3297:1998 as a code for the unique identification of serials.
ISSN-国际标准序列号在ISO标准3297:1998中定义为序列唯一标识代码。
This standard states that:
本标准规定：
Each ISSN is a unique identifier for a specific serial publication. ISSN are applicable to the entire population of serials, whether past, present or to be published in the foreseeable future, whatever the medium of publication.
每个ISSN都是特定系列出版物的唯一标识符。ISSN适用于所有期刊，无论是过去的、现在的还是在可预见的未来出版的，无论是何种出版媒介。
Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals (such as reports, yearbooks, directories, etc.), and the journals, series, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc., of societies.
连载包括期刊、报纸、年刊（如报告、年鉴、目录等）以及社团的期刊、系列、回忆录、会议记录、交易等。
Today, ISSN are assigned to data bases and electronic serial resources. Further broadening of the scope to continuing resources is under discussion.
今天，ISSN被分配到数据库和电子串行资源。正在讨论进一步扩大持续资源的范围。
The ISO 3297 standard states that:
ISO 3297标准规定：
An ISSN consists of eight digits in arabic numerals 0 to 9, except the last digit which is a check digit and can be sometimes an X. The ISSN has no internal meaningful elements to identify language, country, publisher [or medium.]
ISSN由八位阿拉伯数字0到9组成，但最后一位数字是校验位，有时可以是X。ISSN没有内部有意义的元素来标识语言、国家、出版商[或媒体]
The check digit is always located in the extreme right position and is calculated on a modulus 11 basis with weights 8 to 2, using X in lieu of 10 where 10 would occur as a check digit.
校验位始终位于最右边的位置，并在模数11的基础上计算，权重为8到2，使用X代替10，其中10将作为校验位出现。
Each ISSN is inseparably linked a "the key title". The Key title is a form of the title which is constructed in order to avoid duplicates so that each key title is unique in the ISSN Data base also named the ISSN Register. ISSN and key titles are equivalent, they both identify without ambiguity a same serial.
Each ISSN is inseparably linked a "the key title". The Key title is a form of the title which is constructed in order to avoid duplicates so that each key title is unique in the ISSN Data base also named the ISSN Register. ISSN and key titles are equivalent, they both identify without ambiguity a same serial.translate error, please retry
When printed or displayed the ISSN is preceded by the ISSN prefix and a space, and shall appear as two groups of four digits separated by a hyphen.
当打印或显示ISSN时，ISSN前面有ISSN前缀和空格，并应显示为两组四位数字，用连字符分隔。
examples ISSN 0000-0019 ISSN 1560-1560
示例ISSN 0000-0019 ISSN 1560-1560
ISSN are constructed and distributed by the ISSN International Centre to National Centres for assignment.
ISSN由ISSN国际中心建造并分发给国家中心进行分配。
It contains in addition to the ISSN and key-title some thirty bibliographic data elements enabling the unambiguous and secure identification of a serial.
除了ISSN和主要标题外，它还包含大约30个书目数据元素，能够明确、安全地识别序列号。
One characteristic of an ISSN bibliographic record is that it contains other ISSN in linking fields in order to establish relationships between the given serial and a set of other related serials already identified.
ISSN书目记录的一个特点是，它在链接字段中包含其他ISSN，以便在给定序列和已识别的一组其他相关序列之间建立关系。
To recognise and to allow access to serial resources in digital form, the ISSN format has included additional data elements:
为了识别并允许访问数字形式的串行资源，ISSN格式包含了额外的数据元素：
- A medium code which indicates the medium of the given serial - A linking field to express relations between the different forms of "equivalent" serials on different media (from printed version to online as well as from online to printed) - The location of an electronic resource: the URLs of a given resource.
- 一种媒体代码，表示给定序列的媒体-一个链接字段，用于表示不同媒体上不同形式的“等效”序列之间的关系（从印刷版到在线以及从在线到打印）-电子资源的位置：给定资源的URL。
It is the operational structure, main functions of which are:
这是一个运营结构，其主要功能是：
- collecting the material which needs to be identified - assigning the ISSN and the key title to a serial for unambiguous identification - creating and editing bibliographic records in ISSN format
- 收集需要识别的材料-将ISSN和关键标题分配给序列号，以便明确识别-创建和编辑ISSN格式的书目记录
- making available the bibliographic records
- 提供书目记录
It consists of:
它包括：
- National Centres - 69 centres - responsible for the identification of serials published in their respective countries. Records created by National Centres are transmitted to the ISSN-IC for validation and update of the ISSN Register.
- 国家中心——69个中心——负责识别在各自国家出版的连载。国家中心创建的记录被传送至ISSN-IC，以验证和更新ISSN登记册。
- The International Centre which co-ordinates the network and acts as a National Centre for serials published by International institutions and by countries with no National Centre. It collects and checks all bibliographic records to update in a consistent way the ISSN Register.
- 协调网络的国际中心，作为国际机构和没有国家中心的国家出版的系列出版物的国家中心。它收集并检查所有书目记录，以一致的方式更新ISSN登记册。
It maintains the ISSN Register and makes it available.
它维护ISSN寄存器并使其可用。
It is a data base controlled and maintained by the ISSN-IC. It consists in 970 000 bibliographic records stored in ISSN-MARC format (a subset of USMARC format ) which are available on different media (CD-ROM, DAT, and on the Internet).
它是由ISSN-IC控制和维护的数据库。它包含97万条以ISSN-MARC格式（USMARC格式的子集）存储的书目记录，这些记录可在不同媒体（CD-ROM、DAT和Internet）上获得。
The different specifications and requirements on URNs have been studied from the following documents:
以下文件对骨灰盒的不同规格和要求进行了研究：
URN Syntax (RFC 2141, May 1997 - R. Moats)
URN语法（RFC 21411997年5月-R.护城河）
Using Existing Bibliographic Identifiers as Uniform Resource Names (RFC 2288 February 1998 - C. Lynch, R. Daniel)
使用现有书目标识符作为统一资源名称（RFC 2288 1998年2月-C.林奇，R.丹尼尔）
Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names (RFC 1737, December 1994 - K. Sollins, L. Masinter)
统一资源名称的功能要求（RFC 17371994年12月-K.Sollins，L.Masinter）
URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (RFC 2611, June 1999 - L. Daigle, R. Iannella)
URN命名空间定义机制（RFC26111999年6月-L.Daigle，R.Iannella）
A URN Namespace for IETF Documents (RFC 2648, August 1999 - R. Moats)
IETF文档的URN名称空间（RFC26481999年8月-R.Moats）
Requirements for URNs' functional capabilities (from RFC 1737)
URN功能能力要求（来自RFC 1737）
Global scope: A URN is a name with global scope which does not imply a location. It has the same meaning everywhere.
全局作用域：URN是具有全局作用域的名称，不表示位置。它在任何地方都有相同的含义。
- Applicable for ISSN. Accordingly to ISO standard 3297 there is no limitations for serial resource identification.
- 适用于ISSN。因此，ISO标准3297对串行资源标识没有限制。
Global uniqueness: The same URN will never be assigned to two different resources.
全局唯一性：同一个URN永远不会分配给两个不同的资源。
- Applicable for ISSN. By definition an ISSN is assigned to one and only one serial resource. Once assigned, an ISSN is never re-assigned.
- 适用于ISSN。根据定义，ISSN只分配给一个串行资源。一旦分配，ISSN永远不会重新分配。
Persistence: The lifetime of a URN is permanent.
持久性：URN的生命周期是永久的。
- Applicable for ISSN. All ISSN are registered in the ISSN Register data base which covers current serial resources as well as ceased.
- 适用于ISSN。所有ISSN都在ISSN寄存器数据库中注册，该数据库包括当前的串行资源和已停止的数据。
Scalability: URNs can be assigned to any resource that might conceivably be available on the network, for hundreds of years.
可伸缩性：URN可以分配给网络上可能存在数百年的任何资源。
- Applicable for ISSN. More than 98500000 ISSN have yet been assigned.
- 适用于ISSN。已经分配了98500000多个ISSN。
Legacy support: The scheme must permit the support of existing legacy naming systems.
遗留支持：方案必须允许支持现有遗留命名系统。
- Applicable for ISSN. By definition the ISSN system is a legacy identification system for serial resources.
- 适用于ISSN。根据定义，ISSN系统是串行资源的传统标识系统。
Independence: It is solely the responsibility of a name issuing authority to determine the conditions under which it will issue a name.
独立性：名称发布机构全权负责确定其发布名称的条件。
- Applicable for ISSN. By definition of the ISSN system.
- 适用于ISSN。根据ISSN系统的定义。
Resolution: For URNs that have corresponding URLs, there must be some feasible mechanism to translate a URN to a URL.
解决方案：对于具有相应URL的URN，必须有某种可行的机制将URN转换为URL。
- Applicable for ISSN. The ISSN-IC has developed an ISSN URN resolver which translates one given ISSN into one or several URLs.
- 适用于ISSN。ISSN-IC开发了一个ISSN URN解析器，可将一个给定的ISSN转换为一个或多个URL。
In addition to these basic requirements on the functional elements of the URNs, there are other requirements for how they are encoded in a string:
除了对URN功能元素的这些基本要求外，对如何在字符串中对其进行编码还有其他要求：
Single encoding, Simple comparison, Simple human transcribability, Transport friendliness, Machine consumption, Text recognition.
单一编码，简单的比较，简单的人类转录，运输友好，机器消费，文本识别。
- Applicable to ISSN. As defined in the ISO standard the ISSN is a very simple and short character string which fully responds to those requirements.
- 适用于ISSN。根据ISO标准的定义，ISSN是一个非常简单和短的字符串，完全响应这些要求。
Considering the aim of the ISSN, its framework and new developments for electronic serial resources identification, we can state that the ISSN fulfills all expressed URN requirements.
考虑到ISSN的目标、其框架和电子串行资源识别的新发展，我们可以说ISSN满足所有明确的URN要求。
Syntax requirements
语法要求
Considering syntax requirements (RFC2141) for an URN namespace and the URN syntax, an ISSN based URN namespace is compliant with such requirements since it does not use any reserved characters.
考虑到URN命名空间的语法要求（RFC2141）和URN语法，基于ISSN的URN命名空间符合这些要求，因为它不使用任何保留字符。
In RFC 2288 (4.2 Encoding Considerations and Lexical Equivalence) it is stated that:
RFC 2288（4.2编码注意事项和词汇等效性）中规定：
There is no problem representing ISSN in the namespace - specific string of URNs since all characters valid in the ISSN are valid in the namespace-specific URN string, and %-encoding is never required.
在特定于名称空间的URN字符串中表示ISSN没有问题，因为ISSN中的所有有效字符在特定于名称空间的URN字符串中都是有效的，并且从不需要编码。
Example: urn:ISSN:1046-8188
Example: urn:ISSN:1046-8188
Supplementary comparison rules are also appropriate for the ISSN namespace, hyphens should be dropped prior to comparison and occurrences of 'x' normalised to uppercase.
补充比较规则也适用于ISSN命名空间，在比较之前应删除连字符，并将“x”的出现标准化为大写。
The role of an URN is also to provide safe access to the characteristics of a resource and to the resource itself. One may view an ISSN bibliographic record as a metadata since it contains different data information on the resource which is to be identified, described, located and/or accessed.
URN的作用还包括提供对资源特性和资源本身的安全访问。人们可以将ISSN书目记录视为元数据，因为它包含关于要识别、描述、定位和/或访问的资源的不同数据信息。
The ISSN is widely used as an identification number for serial resources. Since the ISSN Network provides the URLs corresponding to the identified resources the ISSN is now also a tool for the location and access to resources on the Internet. This is achieved by an ISSN URN resolution system.
ISSN被广泛用作串行资源的标识号。由于ISSN网络提供与已识别资源相对应的URL，因此ISSN现在也是一种用于定位和访问Internet上资源的工具。这是通过ISSN URN分辨率系统实现的。
The different specifications and requirements on URN resolution have been studied from the following documents:
以下文件研究了URN分辨率的不同规范和要求：
URI Resolution Services Necessary for URN Resolution (RFC 2483, January 1999 - M. Mealling)
URN解析所需的URI解析服务（RFC 24831999年1月-M.Mealling）
Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name System (RFC 2168 June 1997 - R. Daniel, M. Mealling )
使用域名系统解析统一资源标识符（RFC 2168 1997年6月-R.Daniel，M.Mealling）
Architectural Principles of Uniform Resource Name Resolution (RFC 2276, January 1998 - K. Sollins )
统一资源名称解析的体系结构原则（RFC 22761998年1月-K.Sollins）
Using ISSN as Uniform Resource Name implies that some mapping mechanism is provided to ensure a reliable access to available resources when using Internet tools like a standard Web browser.
使用ISSN作为统一资源名称意味着提供了一些映射机制，以确保在使用Internet工具（如标准Web浏览器）时可靠地访问可用资源。
From the technical point of view this has led to develop within our system the different pieces of software and services required to fulfill such aim.
从技术角度来看，这导致在我们的系统中开发实现该目标所需的不同软件和服务。
The resolution software be able to translate a given ISSN-URN into electronic locations:
解析软件能够将给定的ISSN-URN转换为电子位置：
- location of the bibliographic description or metadata - location of the periodical itself (if it is in electronic form).
- 书目描述或元数据的位置——期刊本身的位置（若为电子形式）。
These electronic locations are expressed in form of URLs for which persistence is not ensured. As a consequence the URLs which are stored for resolution have to be checked and updated to ensure relevant mapping with the corresponding URNs.
这些电子位置以URL的形式表示，无法确保其持久性。因此，必须检查和更新存储用于解析的URL，以确保与相应URN的相关映射。
The URLs which are stored in the database must be checked regularly for accuracy and if changes occur they have to be reported in the ISSN-URN resolver database.
必须定期检查存储在数据库中的URL的准确性，如果发生更改，必须在ISSN-URN解析器数据库中报告。
The browser has to include the URN facility which allows to express the location of a given resource in form of an ISSN, this means that if the standard browsers do not include the URN option a "plug-in" is to be developed.
浏览器必须包括URN功能，该功能允许以ISSN的形式表示给定资源的位置，这意味着如果标准浏览器不包括URN选项，则将开发“插件”。
Thus, four types of developments have been considered:
因此，考虑了四种类型的发展：
Design and implementation of a resolver:
解析器的设计和实现：
- In a first step a global centralised resolution system has been developed and implemented on one resolution server located at the ISSN International Centre.
- 第一步，在ISSN国际中心的一台解析服务器上开发并实施了全球集中解析系统。
It ensures effective mapping between a given ISSN and one or several URL(s) which implies that "multiple resolution" is performed by design and implementation of an ISSN-URL mapping file.
它确保了给定ISSN和一个或多个URL之间的有效映射，这意味着通过设计和实现ISSN-URL映射文件来执行“多重解析”。
- Today, the principal method to map ISSN with URLs is to extract them from ISSN registered records and to store them in a separate file structured specially for the resolution process. Besides, other ways to get URLs for bibliographic resources identified by ISSN are tested. Management data as well as attributes are linked to URLs in order to recognise objects handled by the resolver.
- 如今，将ISSN映射到URL的主要方法是从ISSN注册的记录中提取它们，并将它们存储在专门为解析过程而构建的单独文件中。此外，还测试了获取ISSN标识的书目资源URL的其他方法。管理数据和属性链接到URL，以便识别解析程序处理的对象。
Design and implementation of an URL checker:
URL检查器的设计和实现：
- In order to control the persistence and the accessibility to ISSN-URN a robot called the "URL Watcher" has been written to control the status of all URLs stored in the ISSN-URL mapping file. Broken or redirected URLs are detected and stored to permit efficient resolution.
- 为了控制ISSN-URN的持久性和可访问性，编写了一个名为“URL观察者”的机器人，以控制存储在ISSN-URL映射文件中的所有URL的状态。检测并存储断开或重定向的URL，以允许有效解析。
Design and implementation of a browser plug-in:
浏览器插件的设计和实现：
- The existing browsers do not include today the URN "protocol" functionality. One expect to have it implemented in a near future. A plug-in for Netscape communicator and MS-Explorer has been developed and is available.
- 现有浏览器目前不包括URN“协议”功能。人们期望它在不久的将来得到实施。一个用于Netscape communicator和MS Explorer的插件已经开发并可用。
This enables to enter directly the ISSN preceded by the string "urn:ISSN:" in the browsers address box instead of typing the URL and as result to get displayed the bibliographic record or/and the online resource. Clicking on an ISSN on an HTML page gives the same result.
这样可以在浏览器地址框中直接输入前面带有字符串“urn:ISSN:”的ISSN，而不是键入URL，从而显示书目记录或/和联机资源。单击HTML页面上的ISSN会得到相同的结果。
example: urn:ISSN:1560-1560
example: urn:ISSN:1560-1560
Since the ISSN system is not addressing a local environment (like a given Library) and is expected to be linked to other URNs (or other identification services) for identification of serial related resources having other levels of granularity, we have to consider an evolution of the present resolution implementation to a global resolution system.
由于ISSN系统没有解决本地环境（如给定的库），并且期望与其他URN（或其他标识服务）链接以识别具有其他粒度级别的串行相关资源，所以我们必须考虑到当前分辨率实现到全局分辨率系统的演变。
Resolution and especially global resolution is considered as a major issue for becoming an ISSN URN Namespace.
解析，尤其是全局解析，被认为是成为ISSN URN命名空间的一个主要问题。
This is expressed in the following statement (from RFC 2611, "URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms"):
这在以下语句中表示（来自RFC 2611，“URN命名空间定义机制”）：
Process for identifier resolution:
标识符解析过程：
If a namespace is intended to be accessible for global resolution, it must be registered in an RDS (Resolution Discovery System, see [RFC2276]) such as NAPTR. Resolution then proceeds according to standard URI resolution processes, and the mechanisms of the RDS.
如果一个名称空间打算用于全局解析，则必须在RDS（解析发现系统，请参见[RFC2276]）中注册，如NAPTR。然后根据标准URI解析过程和RDS的机制进行解析。
Our present views and evaluations to be integrated in such RDS System for global resolution for an ISSN URN Namespace are mainly based on concepts and proposals from the following RFCs:
我们目前的观点和评估将集成到此类RDS系统中，以实现ISSN URN命名空间的全局解析，主要基于以下RFC的概念和建议：
RFC 2276 for RDS architecture for global resolution, RFC 2168 for the NAPTR DNS extension,
RFC 2276用于RDS体系结构的全局解析，RFC 2168用于NAPTR DNS扩展，
From a technical point of view our present resolution system is flexible enough to take place in a RDS/NAPTR resolution framework.
从技术角度来看，我们目前的解决方案系统足够灵活，可以在RDS/NAPTR解决方案框架中进行。
Namespace ID:
命名空间ID:
ISSN
伊森
Registration Information:
注册资料：
Version 1 Date: 2000-08-28
版本1日期：2000-08-28
Declared registrant of the namespace:
已声明命名空间的注册人：
Name: S. ROZENFELD (Mr.)
姓名：S.ROZENFELD（先生）
E-mail: rozenfeld@issn.org
电邮：rozenfeld@issn.org
Affiliation: ISSN International Centre
附属机构：ISSN国际中心
Address: 20, rue Bachaumont 75002 PARIS FRANCE
地址：法国巴黎巴考蒙特街20号75002
Declaration of syntactic structure:
句法结构声明：
In accordance with the ISO standard 3297 - Information and documentation International Standard Serial Number(ISSN)-(1998)
根据ISO标准3297-信息和文件国际标准序列号（ISSN）-（1998）
The ISSN consists of eight digits in Arabic numerals 0 to 9, except the last digit which is a check digit and can sometimes be an X. The ISSN has no internal meaningful elements to identify language, country, publisher.
ISSN由八位阿拉伯数字0到9组成，但最后一位数字是校验位，有时可以是X。ISSN没有内部有意义的元素来识别语言、国家、出版商。
The check digit is always located in the extreme right position and is calculated on a modulus 11 basis with weights 8 to 2, using X in lieu of 10 where 10 would occur as a check digit.
校验位始终位于最右边的位置，并在模数11的基础上计算，权重为8到2，使用X代替10，其中10将作为校验位出现。
Each ISSN is inseparably linked to the serials title "the key title" which is a constructed form of the title in order to avoid duplicates so that each key title is unique within the ISSN Data base. ISSN and key titles are equivalent, they both identify without ambiguity a same serial.
每个ISSN都与序列标题“关键标题”不可分割地链接，该标题是标题的构造形式，以避免重复，从而使每个关键标题在ISSN数据库中是唯一的。ISSN和密钥标题是等效的，它们都可以识别相同的序列号，没有歧义。
When printed or displayed the ISSN is preceded by the ISSN prefix and a space, and shall appear as two groups of four digits separated by a hyphen
当打印或显示ISSN时，ISSN前面有ISSN前缀和空格，并应显示为两组四位数字，用连字符分隔
Therefore the ISSN structure is as follows:
因此，ISSN结构如下：
NNNN-NNNC
NNNN-NNNC
where N is a Digit character [0..9] C is either a Digit character or letter "X" [0..9,X] C is the check character
其中N是数字字符[0..9]C是数字字符或字母“X”[0..9，X]C是校验字符
An ISSN URN Namespace structure is conformant to URN syntax requirements (RFC 2141).
ISSN URN命名空间结构符合URN语法要求（RFC 2141）。
examples urn:ISSN:0259-000X
urn:ISSN:1560-1560
examples urn:ISSN:0259-000X
urn:ISSN:1560-1560
Relevant ancillary documentation:
相关辅助文件：
ISO 3279 Information and documentation - International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
ISO 3279信息和文件-国际标准序列号（ISSN）
The ISSN: an identifier for serials in digital form. Compatibility with the URN framework. (ISSN International Centre - January 1999)
ISSN：数字形式的序列标识符。与URN框架的兼容性。（ISSN国际中心-1999年1月）
The ISSN-URN project. (ISSN International Centre - October 1999)
ISSN-URN项目。（ISSN国际中心-1999年10月）
Identifier uniqueness considerations:
标识符唯一性注意事项：
Uniqueness is guaranteed by ISSN definition.
唯一性由ISSN定义保证。
As defined in the ISO 3279 each ISSN is a "unique" identifier for a specific serial publication.
按照ISO 3279的定义，每个ISSN都是特定系列出版物的“唯一”标识符。
A different ISSN is assigned to each publication issued on different media.
不同的ISSN分配给在不同媒体上发布的每份出版物。
An ISSN is never re-assigned.
ISSN永远不会重新分配。
Identifier persistence considerations:
标识符持久性注意事项：
Persistence of ISSN is guaranteed by the maintenance and update of the ISSN Register by the ISSN Centres. Even records for "ceased" publications still remain in the ISSN database, and links between serials belonging to a same "family" are expressed with related ISSN within the records. This linking mechanism extends the current Identifier persistence concept.
ISSN中心通过维护和更新ISSN登记簿来保证ISSN的持久性。即使是“已停止”出版物的记录仍保留在ISSN数据库中，属于同一“家族”的系列出版物之间的链接也用记录中的相关ISSN表示。这种链接机制扩展了当前标识符持久性的概念。
Process of identifier assignment:
标识符分配过程：
The ISSN network consisting in 68 National Centres and the International Centre:
ISSN网络由68个国家中心和国际中心组成：
- collects the material to be identified - checks for identification all types of serials including electronic serial resources. - assigns an ISSN to each different periodical. - establish the bibliographic record. - makes available the data.
- 收集待识别的材料-检查所有类型的序列的识别，包括电子序列资源。-为每个不同的期刊分配ISSN。-建立书目记录使数据可用。
The data consisting in bibliographic records is centralised at the ISSN International Centre for global uniqueness checking. A given ISSN refers to one and only one form of the title, he key-title which is a key element of the bibliographic record as well as the ISSN.
书目记录中的数据集中在ISSN国际唯一性检查中心。一个给定的ISSN是指一种且仅有一种形式的书名，关键书名是书目记录和ISSN的关键要素。
Today, the ISSN database contains more than 950 000 bibliographic records and a special attention is given to electronic publication resources and related metadata, and the way to access them.
今天，ISSN数据库包含95万多条书目记录，特别关注电子出版物资源和相关元数据，以及访问它们的方式。
Process for identifier resolution:
标识符解析过程：
As a first step the ISSN International Centre has developed a centralised ISSN-URN resolver with multiple resolution capabilities which runs as a demonstrator.
作为第一步，ISSN国际中心开发了一个具有多分辨率功能的集中式ISSN-URN分解器，该分解器作为演示器运行。
In a second step we expect the ISSN Namespace to be accessible for global resolution and to provide a set of resolution services compliant with the RDS/NAPTR proposals.
在第二步中，我们希望ISSN名称空间可用于全局解析，并提供一组符合RDS/NAPTR建议的解析服务。
Rules for Lexical Equivalence:
词汇对等规则：
The check digit if 'X' is case-sensitive. Thus, if "x" is found it must be translated in upper case.
检查“X”是否区分大小写。因此，如果找到“x”，则必须将其翻译为大写。
The hyphen between the 4th and the 5th digit can be omitted
第4位和第5位之间的连字符可以省略
Conformance with URN Syntax:
符合URN语法：
There are no characters reserved.
没有保留字符。
Security Considerations
安全考虑
Because this namespace defines no additional reserved characters it does not add any security consideration.
由于此命名空间未定义其他保留字符，因此不会添加任何安全考虑。
Validation mechanism:
验证机制：
None specified today.
今天没有具体说明。
Scope:
范围：
Global.
全球的
Security issues are discussed in section 5.
第5节讨论了安全问题。
[1] ISO 3279 Information and documentation - International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
[1] ISO 3279信息和文件-国际标准序列号（ISSN）
[2] The ISDS Manual - ISSN International Centre (Paris, 1983) (under revision)
[2] ISDS手册-ISSN国际中心（巴黎，1983年）（正在修订）
[3] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
[3] 护城河，R.，“瓮语法”，RFC 21411997年5月。
[4] Sollins, K. and L. Masinter, "Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names", RFC 1737, December 1994.
[4] Sollins，K.和L.Masinter，“统一资源名称的功能要求”，RFC 1737，1994年12月。
[5] Lynch, C., Preston, C. and R. Daniel, "Using Existing Bibliographic Identifiers as Uniform Resource Names", RFC 2288, February 1998.
[5] 林奇，C.，普雷斯顿，C.和R.丹尼尔，“使用现有书目标识符作为统一资源名”，RFC 2288，1998年2月。
[6] Daniel, R. and M. Mealling, "Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name System", RFC 2168, June 1997.
[6] Daniel，R.和M.Mealling，“使用域名系统解析统一资源标识符”，RFC 2168，1997年6月。
[7] Sollins, D., "Architectural Principles of Uniform Resource Name Resolution", RFC 2276, January 1998.
[7] Sollins，D.，“统一资源名称解析的体系结构原则”，RFC 2276，1998年1月。
Slawek Rozenfeld (Mr.) Head, Computer Section ISSN International Centre 20, rue Bachaumont 750002 PARIS FRANCE
Slawek Rozenfeld（先生）法国巴黎巴考蒙特街20号ISSN国际中心计算机科科长750002
EMail: rozenfeld@issn.org
issnic@issn.org
EMail: rozenfeld@issn.org
issnic@issn.org
ISSN Web site http://www.issn.org
ISSN-URN links http://www.issn.org/urn/
ISSN Web site http://www.issn.org
ISSN-URN links http://www.issn.org/urn/
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（2001年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
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The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件和其中包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，互联网协会和互联网工程任务组否认所有明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。
Acknowledgement
确认
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.
RFC编辑功能的资金目前由互联网协会提供。