Network Working Group M. Crawford
Request for Comments: 2464 Fermilab
Obsoletes: 1972 December 1998
Category: Standards Track
Network Working Group M. Crawford
Request for Comments: 2464 Fermilab
Obsoletes: 1972 December 1998
Category: Standards Track
Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks
通过以太网传输IPv6数据包
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本文件规定了互联网社区的互联网标准跟踪协议，并要求进行讨论和提出改进建议。有关本协议的标准化状态和状态，请参考当前版本的“互联网官方协议标准”（STD 1）。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
This document specifies the frame format for transmission of IPv6 packets and the method of forming IPv6 link-local addresses and statelessly autoconfigured addresses on Ethernet networks. It also specifies the content of the Source/Target Link-layer Address option used in Router Solicitation, Router Advertisement, Neighbor Solicitation, Neighbor Advertisement and Redirect messages when those messages are transmitted on an Ethernet.
本文档规定了IPv6数据包传输的帧格式以及在以太网网络上形成IPv6链路本地地址和无状态自动配置地址的方法。它还指定在以太网上传输路由器请求、路由器公告、邻居请求、邻居公告和重定向消息时使用的源/目标链路层地址选项的内容。
This document replaces RFC 1972, "A Method for the Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks", which will become historic.
本文件取代了RFC 1972，“通过以太网传输IPv6数据包的方法”，这将成为历史。
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
本文件中的关键词“必须”、“不得”、“要求”、“应”、“不应”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“可”和“可选”应按照[RFC 2119]中所述进行解释。
The default MTU size for IPv6 [IPV6] packets on an Ethernet is 1500 octets. This size may be reduced by a Router Advertisement [DISC] containing an MTU option which specifies a smaller MTU, or by manual configuration of each node. If a Router Advertisement received on an Ethernet interface has an MTU option specifying an MTU larger than 1500, or larger than a manually configured value, that MTU option may be logged to system management but must be otherwise ignored.
以太网上IPv6[IPv6]数据包的默认MTU大小为1500个八位字节。可通过包含指定较小MTU的MTU选项的路由器广告[光盘]或通过手动配置每个节点来减小该尺寸。如果在以太网接口上接收到的路由器播发具有MTU选项，该MTU选项指定的MTU大于1500或大于手动配置的值，则该MTU选项可能会记录到系统管理中，但必须以其他方式忽略。
For purposes of this document, information received from DHCP is considered "manually configured" and the term Ethernet includes CSMA/CD and full-duplex subnetworks based on ISO/IEC 8802-3, with various data rates.
在本文件中，从DHCP接收的信息被视为“手动配置”，术语以太网包括基于ISO/IEC 8802-3的CSMA/CD和全双工子网，具有各种数据速率。
IPv6 packets are transmitted in standard Ethernet frames. The Ethernet header contains the Destination and Source Ethernet addresses and the Ethernet type code, which must contain the value 86DD hexadecimal. The data field contains the IPv6 header followed immediately by the payload, and possibly padding octets to meet the minimum frame size for the Ethernet link.
IPv6数据包在标准以太网帧中传输。Ethernet标头包含目标和源Ethernet地址以及Ethernet类型代码，其中必须包含86DD十六进制值。数据字段包含紧接着有效负载的IPv6标头，并可能填充八位字节以满足以太网链路的最小帧大小。
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination |
+- -+
| Ethernet |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source |
+- -+
| Ethernet |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 |
+- -+
| header |
+- -+
| and |
+- -+
/ payload ... /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination |
+- -+
| Ethernet |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source |
+- -+
| Ethernet |
+- -+
| Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 |
+- -+
| header |
+- -+
| and |
+- -+
/ payload ... /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
(Each tic mark represents one bit.)
（每个tic标记代表一位。）
The Interface Identifier [AARCH] for an Ethernet interface is based on the EUI-64 identifier [EUI64] derived from the interface's built-in 48-bit IEEE 802 address. The EUI-64 is formed as follows. (Canonical bit order is assumed throughout.)
以太网接口的接口标识符[AARCH]基于源自接口内置48位IEEE 802地址的EUI-64标识符[EUI64]。EUI-64的组成如下。（始终假定标准位顺序。）
The OUI of the Ethernet address (the first three octets) becomes the company_id of the EUI-64 (the first three octets). The fourth and fifth octets of the EUI are set to the fixed value FFFE hexadecimal. The last three octets of the Ethernet address become the last three octets of the EUI-64.
以太网地址的OUI（前三个八位字节）成为EUI-64（前三个八位字节）的公司id。EUI的第四和第五个八位字节设置为固定值FFFE十六进制。以太网地址的最后三个八位字节成为EUI-64的最后三个八位字节。
The Interface Identifier is then formed from the EUI-64 by complementing the "Universal/Local" (U/L) bit, which is the next-to-lowest order bit of the first octet of the EUI-64. Complementing this bit will generally change a 0 value to a 1, since an interface's built-in address is expected to be from a universally administered address space and hence have a globally unique value. A universally administered IEEE 802 address or an EUI-64 is signified by a 0 in the U/L bit position, while a globally unique IPv6 Interface Identifier is signified by a 1 in the corresponding position. For further discussion on this point, see [AARCH].
然后，通过补充“通用/本地”（U/L）位，从EUI-64形成接口标识符，该位是EUI-64的第一个八位组的下一个最低阶位。补充该位通常会将0值更改为1，因为接口的内置地址预期来自通用管理的地址空间，因此具有全局唯一值。通用管理的IEEE 802地址或EUI-64由U/L位位置的0表示，而全局唯一IPv6接口标识符由相应位置的1表示。关于这一点的进一步讨论，请参见[AARCH]。
For example, the Interface Identifier for an Ethernet interface whose built-in address is, in hexadecimal,
例如，内置地址为十六进制的以太网接口的接口标识符，
34-56-78-9A-BC-DE
34-56-78-9A-BC-DE
would be
会是
36-56-78-FF-FE-9A-BC-DE.
36-56-78-FF-FE-9A-BC-DE。
A different MAC address set manually or by software should not be used to derive the Interface Identifier. If such a MAC address must be used, its global uniqueness property should be reflected in the value of the U/L bit.
不应使用手动或软件设置的不同MAC地址来推导接口标识符。如果必须使用这样的MAC地址，则其全局唯一性属性应反映在U/L位的值中。
An IPv6 address prefix used for stateless autoconfiguration [ACONF] of an Ethernet interface must have a length of 64 bits.
用于以太网接口的无状态自动配置[ACONF]的IPv6地址前缀的长度必须为64位。
The IPv6 link-local address [AARCH] for an Ethernet interface is formed by appending the Interface Identifier, as defined above, to the prefix FE80::/64.
以太网接口的IPv6链路本地地址[AARCH]是通过将接口标识符（如上所述）附加到前缀FE80:：/64来形成的。
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
The procedure for mapping IPv6 unicast addresses into Ethernet link-layer addresses is described in [DISC]. The Source/Target Link-layer Address option has the following form when the link layer is Ethernet.
[DISC]中描述了将IPv6单播地址映射到以太网链路层地址的过程。当链路层为以太网时，源/目标链路层地址选项具有以下形式。
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+- Ethernet -+
| |
+- Address -+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+- Ethernet -+
| |
+- Address -+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option fields:
选项字段：
Type 1 for Source Link-layer address. 2 for Target Link-layer address.
为源链路层地址键入1。2表示目标链路层地址。
Length 1 (in units of 8 octets).
长度1（以8个八位字节为单位）。
Ethernet Address The 48 bit Ethernet IEEE 802 address, in canonical bit order. This is the address the interface currently responds to, and may be different from the built-in address used to derive the Interface Identifier.
以太网地址48位以太网IEEE 802地址，按规范位顺序排列。这是接口当前响应的地址，可能与用于派生接口标识符的内置地址不同。
An IPv6 packet with a multicast destination address DST, consisting of the sixteen octets DST[1] through DST[16], is transmitted to the Ethernet multicast address whose first two octets are the value 3333 hexadecimal and whose last four octets are the last four octets of DST.
具有多播目标地址DST（由16个八位字节DST[1]到DST[16]组成）的IPv6数据包被传输到以太网多播地址，其前两个八位字节是值3333十六进制，其最后四个八位字节是DST的最后四个八位字节。
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[13] | DST[14] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[15] | DST[16] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[13] | DST[14] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| DST[15] | DST[16] |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The following are the functional differences between this specification and RFC 1972.
以下是本规范与RFC 1972之间的功能差异。
The Address Token, which was a node's 48-bit MAC address, is replaced with the Interface Identifier, which is 64 bits in length and based on the EUI-64 format [EUI64]. An IEEE-defined mapping exists from 48-bit MAC addresses to EUI-64 form.
地址令牌是节点的48位MAC地址，替换为接口标识符，接口标识符长度为64位，基于EUI-64格式[EUI64]。IEEE定义的从48位MAC地址到EUI-64格式的映射。
A prefix used for stateless autoconfiguration must now be 64 bits long rather than 80. The link-local prefix is also shortened to 64 bits.
用于无状态自动配置的前缀现在必须为64位，而不是80位。链路本地前缀也缩短为64位。
The method of derivation of Interface Identifiers from MAC addresses is intended to preserve global uniqueness when possible. However, there is no protection from duplication through accident or forgery.
从MAC地址派生接口标识符的方法旨在尽可能保持全局唯一性。但是，由于意外或伪造，无法防止复制。
[AARCH] Hinden, R. and S. Deering "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998.
[AARCH]Hinden，R.和S.Deering“IP版本6寻址体系结构”，RFC 23731998年7月。
[ACONF] Thomson, S. and T. Narten, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.
[ACONF]Thomson，S.和T.Narten，“IPv6无状态地址自动配置”，RFC 2462，1998年12月。
[DISC] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and W. Simpson, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December 1998.
[DISC]Narten，T.，Nordmark，E.和W.Simpson，“IP版本6（IPv6）的邻居发现”，RFC 246112998年12月。
[EUI64] "Guidelines For 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)",
http://standards.ieee.org/db/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html
[EUI64] "Guidelines For 64-bit Global Identifier (EUI-64)",
http://standards.ieee.org/db/oui/tutorials/EUI64.html
[IPV6] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[IPV6]Deering，S.和R.Hinden，“互联网协议，第6版（IPV6）规范”，RFC 2460，1998年12月。
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 2119]Bradner，S.，“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，BCP 14，RFC 2119，1997年3月。
Matt Crawford Fermilab MS 368 PO Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510 USA
Matt Crawford Fermilab MS 368美国伊利诺伊州巴达维亚500号邮政信箱60510
Phone: +1 630 840-3461
EMail: crawdad@fnal.gov
Phone: +1 630 840-3461
EMail: crawdad@fnal.gov
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的衍生作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改本文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对互联网协会或其他互联网组织的引用，除非出于制定互联网标准的需要，在这种情况下，必须遵循互联网标准过程中定义的版权程序，或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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