Network Working Group S. Weibel
Request for Comments: 2413 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Category: Informational J. Kunze
University of California, San Francisco
C. Lagoze
Cornell University
M. Wolf
Reuters Limited
September 1998
Network Working Group S. Weibel
Request for Comments: 2413 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Category: Informational J. Kunze
University of California, San Francisco
C. Lagoze
Cornell University
M. Wolf
Reuters Limited
September 1998
Dublin Core Metadata for Resource Discovery
用于资源发现的都柏林核心元数据
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
The Dublin Core Metadata Workshop Series began in 1995 with an invitational workshop which brought together librarians, digital library researchers, content experts, and text-markup experts to promote better discovery standards for electronic resources. The Dublin Core is a 15-element set of descriptors that has emerged from this effort in interdisciplinary and international consensus building. This is the first of a set of Informational RFCs describing the Dublin Core. Its purpose is to introduce the Dublin Core and to describe the consensus reached on the semantics of each of the 15 elements.
都柏林核心元数据研讨会系列始于1995年，邀请了图书馆员、数字图书馆研究人员、内容专家和文本标记专家参加研讨会，以促进更好的电子资源发现标准。都柏林核心是一组由15个元素组成的描述符，这些描述符是在跨学科和国际共识建立工作中产生的。这是描述都柏林核心的一组信息RFC中的第一个。其目的是介绍都柏林核心，并描述就15个元素的语义达成的共识。
Finding relevant information on the World Wide Web has become increasingly problematic due to the explosive growth of networked resources. Current Web indexing evolved rapidly to fill the demand for resource discovery tools, but that indexing, while useful, is a poor substitute for richer varieties of resource description.
由于网络资源的爆炸性增长，在万维网上查找相关信息变得越来越困难。当前的Web索引发展迅速，以满足对资源发现工具的需求，但这种索引虽然有用，但不能很好地替代更丰富的资源描述。
An invitational workshop held in March of 1995 brought together librarians, digital library researchers, and text-markup specialists to address the problem of resource discovery for networked resources.
1995年3月举行的一次邀请研讨会汇集了图书馆员、数字图书馆研究人员和文本标记专家，以解决网络资源的资源发现问题。
This activity evolved into a series of related workshops and ancillary activities that have become known collectively as the Dublin Core Metadata Workshop Series.
该活动演变为一系列相关研讨会和辅助活动，统称为都柏林核心元数据研讨会系列。
The goals that motivate the Dublin Core effort are:
推动都柏林核心工作的目标是：
- Simplicity of creation and maintenance - Commonly understood semantics - Conformance to existing and emerging standards - International scope and applicability - Extensibility - Interoperability among collections and indexing systems
- 创建和维护的简单性-普遍理解的语义-符合现有和新兴标准-国际范围和适用性-可扩展性-集合和索引系统之间的互操作性
These requirements work at cross purposes to some degree, but all are desirable goals. Much of the effort of the Workshop Series has been directed at minimizing the tensions among these goals.
这些要求在某种程度上是相互交叉的，但都是可取的目标。系列研讨会的大部分工作都是为了尽量减少这些目标之间的紧张关系。
One of the primary deliverables of this effort is a set of elements that are judged by the collective participants of these workshops to be the core elements for cross-disciplinary resource discovery. The term "Dublin Core" applies to this core of descriptive elements.
这项工作的主要成果之一是一组要素，这些要素由这些研讨会的集体参与者判断为跨学科资源发现的核心要素。术语“都柏林核心”适用于描述元素的核心。
Early experience with Dublin Core deployment has made clear the need to support qualification of elements for some applications. Thus, a Dublin Core element may be expressed without qualification (as described in this RFC) or with qualifiers that refine its semantics (the subject of future RFCs). For the sake of interoperability, simple indexing and discovery tools should be able to ignore any qualifiers provided, while more advanced, semantically richer tools should be able to use qualifiers to support more specialized or precise discovery.
都柏林核心部署的早期经验表明，需要支持某些应用程序的元素鉴定。因此，都柏林核心元素可以在没有限定（如本RFC所述）的情况下表达，也可以使用修饰其语义的限定符（未来RFC的主题）表达。为了实现互操作性，简单的索引和发现工具应该能够忽略提供的任何限定符，而更高级、语义更丰富的工具应该能够使用限定符来支持更专业或更精确的发现。
The broad agreements about syntax and semantics that have emerged from the workshop series will be expressed in a series of Informational RFCs, of which this document is the first.
研讨会系列中关于语法和语义的广泛协议将在一系列信息RFC中表达，本文档是其中的第一个。
The following is the reference definition of the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set. Further information about the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set is available at [1]:
以下是都柏林核心元数据元素集的参考定义。有关都柏林核心元数据元素集的更多信息，请访问[1]：
http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core
http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core
In the element descriptions below, each element has a descriptive name intended to convey a common semantic understanding of the element, as well as a formal single-word label intended to make the syntactic specification of elements simpler for encoding schemes.
在下面的元素描述中，每个元素都有一个描述性名称，用于传达对元素的共同语义理解，还有一个正式的单词标签，用于简化编码方案中元素的语法规范。
Although some environments, such as HTML, are not case-sensitive, it is recommended best practice always to adhere to the case conventions in the element labels given below to avoid conflicts in the event that the metadata is subsequently extracted or converted to a case-sensitive environment, such as XML (Extensible Markup Language) [2].
尽管某些环境（如HTML）不区分大小写，但建议最佳做法是始终遵守下面给出的元素标签中的大小写约定，以避免在元数据随后被提取或转换为区分大小写的环境（如XML（可扩展标记语言）[2]时发生冲突。
Each element is optional and repeatable. Metadata elements may appear in any order. The ordering of multiple occurrences of the same element (e.g., Creator) may have a significance intended by the provider, but ordering is not guaranteed to be preserved in every system.
每个元素都是可选的和可重复的。元数据元素可以以任何顺序出现。同一元素（如创建者）多次出现的顺序可能具有提供者预期的意义，但不能保证在每个系统中保留顺序。
To promote global interoperability, a number of the element descriptions suggest a controlled vocabulary for the respective element values. It is assumed that other controlled vocabularies will be developed for interoperability within certain local domains.
为了促进全局互操作性，许多元素描述建议为各自的元素值使用受控词汇表。假定将开发其他受控词汇表，以实现某些本地域内的互操作性。
The metadata elements fall into three groups which roughly indicate the class or scope of information stored in them: (1) elements related mainly to the Content of the resource, (2) elements related mainly to the resource when viewed as Intellectual Property, and (3) elements related mainly to the Instantiation of the resource.
元数据元素分为三组，大致表示存储在其中的信息的类别或范围：（1）主要与资源内容相关的元素，（2）被视为知识产权时主要与资源相关的元素，以及（3）主要与资源实例化相关的元素。
Content Intellectual Property Instantiation
----------- --------------------- -------------
Title Creator Date
Subject Publisher Format
Description Contributor Identifier
Type Rights Language
Source
Relation
Coverage
Content Intellectual Property Instantiation
----------- --------------------- -------------
Title Creator Date
Subject Publisher Format
Description Contributor Identifier
Type Rights Language
Source
Relation
Coverage
The name given to the resource, usually by the Creator or Publisher.
资源的名称，通常由创建者或发布者指定。
The person or organization primarily responsible for creating the intellectual content of the resource. For example, authors in the case of written documents, artists, photographers, or illustrators in the case of visual resources.
主要负责创建资源知识内容的人员或组织。例如，书面文档中的作者、视觉资源中的艺术家、摄影师或插图画家。
The topic of the resource. Typically, subject will be expressed as keywords or phrases that describe the subject or content of the resource. The use of controlled vocabularies and formal classification schemes is encouraged.
资源的主题。通常，主题将表示为描述资源主题或内容的关键字或短语。鼓励使用受控词汇表和正式分类方案。
A textual description of the content of the resource, including abstracts in the case of document-like objects or content descriptions in the case of visual resources.
资源内容的文本描述，包括文档类对象的摘要或视觉资源的内容描述。
The entity responsible for making the resource available in its present form, such as a publishing house, a university department, or a corporate entity.
负责以现有形式提供资源的实体，如出版社、大学系或公司实体。
A person or organization not specified in a Creator element who has made significant intellectual contributions to the resource but whose contribution is secondary to any person or organization specified in a Creator element (for example, editor, transcriber, and illustrator).
未在创建者元素中指定的人员或组织，其对资源做出了重大的智力贡献，但其贡献仅次于创建者元素中指定的任何人员或组织（例如，编辑、转录员和插图画家）。
A date associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [3] that includes (among others) dates of the forms YYYY and YYYY-MM-DD. In this scheme, for example, the date 1994-11-05 corresponds to November 5, 1994.
与资源的创建或可用性相关的日期。建议的最佳实践在ISO 8601[3]的概要文件中定义，其中包括（除其他外）YYYY和YYYY-MM-DD格式的日期。例如，在该方案中，日期1994-11-05对应于1994年11月5日。
The category of the resource, such as home page, novel, poem, working paper, technical report, essay, dictionary. For the sake of interoperability, Type should be selected from an enumerated list that is currently under development in the workshop series.
资源类别，如主页、小说、诗歌、工作论文、技术报告、文章、词典。为了实现互操作性，应从研讨会系列中当前正在开发的枚举列表中选择类型。
The data format and, optionally, dimensions (e.g., size, duration) of the resource. The format is used to identify the software and possibly hardware that might be needed to display or operate the
资源的数据格式和可选维度（如大小、持续时间）。该格式用于识别显示或操作系统可能需要的软件和硬件
resource. For the sake of interoperability, the format should be selected from an enumerated list that is currently under development in the workshop series.
资源为了实现互操作性，应从研讨会系列中当前正在开发的枚举列表中选择格式。
A string or number used to uniquely identify the resource. Examples for networked resources include URLs and URNs (when implemented). Other globally-unique identifiers, such as International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) or other formal names are also candidates for this element.
用于唯一标识资源的字符串或数字。网络资源的示例包括URL和URN（实施时）。其他全球唯一标识符，如国际标准书号（ISBN）或其他正式名称也是该元素的候选项。
Information about a second resource from which the present resource is derived. While it is generally recommended that elements contain information about the present resource only, this element may contain metadata for the second resource when it is considered important for discovery of the present resource.
有关从中派生当前资源的第二个资源的信息。虽然通常建议元素仅包含关于当前资源的信息，但当认为第二个资源的元数据对于发现当前资源很重要时，该元素可能包含第二个资源的元数据。
The language of the intellectual content of the resource. Recommended best practice is defined in RFC 1766 [4].
资源智力内容的语言。RFC 1766[4]中定义了推荐的最佳实践。
An identifier of a second resource and its relationship to the present resource. This element is used to express linkages among related resources. For the sake of interoperability, relationships should be selected from an enumerated list that is currently under development in the workshop series.
第二资源的标识符及其与当前资源的关系。此元素用于表示相关资源之间的联系。为了实现互操作性，应从研讨会系列中当前正在开发的枚举列表中选择关系。
The spatial or temporal characteristics of the intellectual content of the resource. Spatial coverage refers to a physical region (e.g., celestial sector) using place names or coordinates (e.g., longitude and latitude). Temporal coverage refers to what the resource is about rather than when it was created or made available (the latter belonging in the Date element). Temporal coverage is typically specified using named time periods (e.g., neolithic) or the same date/time format [3] as recommended for the Date element.
资源智力内容的空间或时间特征。空间覆盖是指使用地名或坐标（例如经度和纬度）的物理区域（例如，天体扇区）。时间覆盖率指的是资源的内容，而不是资源创建或可用的时间（后者属于日期元素）。时间覆盖率通常使用指定的时间段（例如，新石器时代）或与日期元素推荐的相同日期/时间格式[3]来指定。
A rights management statement, an identifier that links to a rights management statement, or an identifier that links to a service providing information about rights management for the resource.
权限管理语句、链接到权限管理语句的标识符或链接到提供资源权限管理信息的服务的标识符。
The Dublin Core element set poses no risk to computers and networks. It poses minimal risk to searchers who obtain incorrect or private information due to careless mapping from rich data descriptions to the simple Dublin Core scheme. No other security concerns are likely to be raised by the element description consensus documented here.
都柏林核心元素集不会对计算机和网络构成风险。由于粗心地将丰富的数据描述映射到简单的都柏林核心方案，因此对于获取不正确或私人信息的搜索者来说，风险最小。此处记录的元素描述不可能引起其他安全问题。
[1] Further information about the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set,
http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core
[1] Further information about the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set,
http://purl.org/metadata/dublin_core
[2] Extensible Markup Language (XML), http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
[2] Extensible Markup Language (XML), http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
[3] Date and Time Formats (based on ISO 8601), W3C Technical Note,
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
[3] Date and Time Formats (based on ISO 8601), W3C Technical Note,
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
[4] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.
[4] Alvestrand，H.，“语言识别标签”，RFC1766，1995年3月。
Stuart L. Weibel OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Office of Research 6565 Frantz Rd. Dublin, Ohio, 43017, USA
Stuart L.Weibel OCLC在线计算机图书馆中心有限公司研究办公室美国俄亥俄州都柏林弗兰茨路6565号，43017
Phone: +1 614-764-6081
Fax: +1 614-764-2344
EMail: weibel@oclc.org
Phone: +1 614-764-6081
Fax: +1 614-764-2344
EMail: weibel@oclc.org
John A. Kunze Center for Knowledge Management University of California, San Francisco 530 Parnassus Ave, Box 0840 San Francisco, CA 94143-0840, USA
约翰·A·昆泽加利福尼亚大学知识管理中心，旧金山530 Parnassus Ave，旧金山0840，美国94143-0840
Phone: +1 510-525-8575
Fax: +1 415-476-4653
EMail: jak@ckm.ucsf.edu
Phone: +1 510-525-8575
Fax: +1 415-476-4653
EMail: jak@ckm.ucsf.edu
Carl Lagoze University Library and Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
卡尔·拉各兹大学图书馆和计算机科学系康奈尔大学伊萨卡，纽约14853
Phone: +1 607-255-6046
Fax: +1 607-255-4428
EMail: lagoze@cs.cornell.edu
Phone: +1 607-255-6046
Fax: +1 607-255-4428
EMail: lagoze@cs.cornell.edu
Misha Wolf Reuters Limited 85 Fleet Street London EC4P 4AJ, UK
Misha Wolf Reuters Limited英国伦敦舰队街85号EC4P 4AJ
Phone: +44 171-542-6722
Fax: +44 171-542-8314
EMail: misha.wolf@reuters.com
Phone: +44 171-542-6722
Fax: +44 171-542-8314
EMail: misha.wolf@reuters.com
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的衍生作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改本文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对互联网协会或其他互联网组织的引用，除非出于制定互联网标准的需要，在这种情况下，必须遵循互联网标准过程中定义的版权程序，或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件和其中包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，互联网协会和互联网工程任务组否认所有明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。