Network Working Group J. Palme
Request for Comments: 2346 Stockholm University/KTH
Category: Informational May 1998
Network Working Group J. Palme
Request for Comments: 2346 Stockholm University/KTH
Category: Informational May 1998
Making Postscript and PDF International
制作Postscript和PDF国际版
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
Certain text formats, for example Postscript (MIME-Type: application/postscript; file extension .ps) and Portable Document Format (MIME-Type: application/pdf; file extension .pdf) specify exactly the page layout of the printed document. The commonly used paper format is different in North America and the rest of the world. North America uses the 'Letter' format, while the rest of the world mostly uses the ISO-standard 'A4' format. This means that documents formatted on one continent may not be easily printable on another continent. This memo gives advice on how to produce documents which are equally well printable with the Letter and the A4 formats. By using the advice in this document, you can put up a document on the Internet, which recipients can print without problem both in and outside North America.
某些文本格式，例如Postscript（MIME类型：application/Postscript；文件扩展名.ps）和Portable Document Format（MIME类型：application/pdf；文件扩展名.pdf）精确指定打印文档的页面布局。北美和世界其他地区常用的纸张格式不同。北美使用“字母”格式，而世界其他地区大多使用ISO标准的“A4”格式。这意味着在一个大陆上格式化的文档可能不容易在另一个大陆上打印。本备忘录就如何制作与信函和A4格式同样可打印的文件提供了建议。通过使用本文档中的建议，您可以在互联网上发布一份文档，无论在北美还是北美以外，收件人都可以毫无问题地打印该文档。
A very short summary of the advice in this document: If you are using U.S. Letter paper format, ensure that both the left and right margins are at least 21 mm (0.8 in). If you are using A4 paper format, ensure that both the top and bottom margins are at least 33 mm (1.3 in).
本文档中建议的简短摘要：如果您使用的是美国信纸格式，请确保左右边距至少为21毫米（0.8英寸）。如果您使用的是A4纸格式，请确保上下页边距至少为33毫米（1.3英寸）。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction 2 2. Two methods for printing on different paper formats 2 2.1 Method 1: Use wider margins 2 2.2 Method 2: Print with reduced size 3 2.3 Method 3: Buy paper in the A4 size 4 3. Acknowledgements 4 4. Security Considerations 4 5. References 4
1. 导言2。在不同纸张格式上打印的两种方法2.1方法1：使用较宽的页边距2.2方法2：缩小尺寸打印3 2.3方法3：购买A4尺寸的纸张4 3。致谢4。安全考虑4 5。参考文献4
6. Author's Address 5 7. Full Copyright Statement 6
6. 作者地址5 7。完整版权声明6
Certain text formats, for example Postscript (MIME-Type: application/postscript; file extension .ps) and Portable Document Format (MIME-Type: application/pdf; file extension .pdf) specify exactly the page layout of the printed document. The commonly used paper format is different in North America and the rest of the world. North America uses the 'Letter' format, while the rest of the world uses the 'A4' format.
某些文本格式，例如Postscript（MIME类型：application/Postscript；文件扩展名.ps）和Portable Document Format（MIME类型：application/pdf；文件扩展名.pdf）精确指定打印文档的页面布局。北美和世界其他地区常用的纸张格式不同。北美使用“字母”格式，而世界其他地区使用“A4”格式。
The North American Letter format is 216 x 279 mm (8.5 x 11 in) while the ISO standardised A4 format is 210 x 297 mm (8.3 x 11.7 in). The Letter format is thus 6 mm (0.2 inches) wider, while the A4 format is 18 mm (0.7 inches) taller.
北美字母格式为216 x 279毫米（8.5 x 11英寸），而ISO标准化A4格式为210 x 297毫米（8.3 x 11.7英寸）。因此，字母格式宽6毫米（0.2英寸），而A4格式高18毫米（0.7英寸）。
This means that documents formatted on one continent may not be printable on another continent. It is oboviously desirable that documents on the Internet are printable on all continents. This paper gives advice on how to achieve this.
这意味着在一个大陆上格式化的文档可能无法在另一个大陆上打印。互联网上的文件可以在所有大陆上打印，这是非常可取的。本文就如何实现这一目标提出了建议。
This memo is not intended for HTML documents, but the advice may be of value also for HTML developers in case they are using fixed-size graphics and fixed WIDTH sizes of objects in HTML documents.
此备忘录不适用于HTML文档，但如果HTML开发人员在HTML文档中使用固定大小的图形和固定宽度大小的对象，则此建议也可能对他们有价值。
Paper format
you use when
converting
the document Suggested minimal margins
to Postscript Paper
or PDF orien- Suggested change Left Right Top Bottom
tation of margins
------------ ----------- ----------------- ----- ----- ----- -----
A4 Portrait Add 18 mm (0.7 20 mm 20 mm 33 mm 33 mm
(upright, inches) to the top 0.8" 0.8" 1.3" 1.3"
vertical) of page and bottom
of page margins
Paper format
you use when
converting
the document Suggested minimal margins
to Postscript Paper
or PDF orien- Suggested change Left Right Top Bottom
tation of margins
------------ ----------- ----------------- ----- ----- ----- -----
A4 Portrait Add 18 mm (0.7 20 mm 20 mm 33 mm 33 mm
(upright, inches) to the top 0.8" 0.8" 1.3" 1.3"
vertical) of page and bottom
of page margins
A4 Landscape Add 18 mm (0.7 33 mm 33 mm 15 mm 15 mm (lying, inches) to the 1.3" 1.3" 0.6" 0.6" horizontal) left and right margins
A4横向在1.3英寸1.3英寸0.6英寸0.6英寸水平边距的左右两侧添加18毫米（0.7 33毫米33毫米15毫米15毫米（水平，英寸）
Letter Portrait Add 6 mm (0.2 20 mm 26 mm 15 mm 15 mm (upright, inches) to the 0.8" 1.0" 0.6" 0.6" vertical) right margins
字母肖像在0.8“1.0”0.6“0.6”垂直边距上添加6 mm（0.2 20 mm 26 mm 15 mm 15 mm（垂直，英寸）
Letter Landscape Add 6 mm (0.2 15 mm 15 mm 21 mm 21 mm (lying, inches) to the top 0.6" 0.6" 0.8" 0.8" horizontal) of page and bottom of page margins
字母横向在页面顶部0.6“0.6”0.8“0.8”水平边距和页面底部边距处添加6 mm（0.2 15 mm 15 mm 21 mm 21 mm（水平，英寸）
The reason why you have to add 18 respectively 6 mm to both the top and the bottom margin is that you do not know what kind of printer the recipient uses, and different printers feed paper in different ways, requiring the margin to be added either at the top or the bottom of the paper. Left and right margins on any paper format should be at least 20 mm wide to accomodate filing with ISO 838 hole punches.
您必须在顶部和底部边距上分别添加18 mm和6 mm的原因是，您不知道收件人使用哪种打印机，并且不同的打印机以不同的方式进纸，需要在纸张的顶部或底部添加边距。任何纸张格式的左右边距应至少为20 mm宽，以适应ISO 838打孔机的归档。
Note: Ensure that also headers, footers, and page numbers are within the suggested minimal margins. Many word processors put headers, footers and page numbers outside the specified text margins.
注意：确保页眉、页脚和页码也在建议的最小页边距内。许多文字处理器将页眉、页脚和页码放在指定的文本边距之外。
This is a method useful for the recipient of a document with the wrong paper size: The recipient sets the printer to print with reduced size. When the sender produces the PDF or Postscript files, the sender should 'print' with 100 % size, but when the recipient prints the PDF or Postscript files, and if the program for printing PDF or Postscript files allows this, the recipient should print the document with 94% or less of full size. Many programs for printing Postscript files do not allow this. In that case, the recipient can convert a Postscript document to PDF format and then print it with the PDF printing program. This requires, however, that the recipient has the Adobe Acrobat Distiller program, which is not freeware. Recent versions of the freeware ghostscript can also convert to PDF format. The user may also have to specify the paper size as the actual paper size loaded in the printer, not the paper size specified when the document was converted to PDF or Postscript format.
对于纸张尺寸错误的文档收件人，此方法很有用：收件人将打印机设置为缩小尺寸打印。当发件人生成PDF或Postscript文件时，发件人应以100%的大小“打印”，但当收件人打印PDF或Postscript文件时，如果打印PDF或Postscript文件的程序允许，则收件人应以94%或更小的全尺寸打印文档。许多打印Postscript文件的程序不允许这样做。在这种情况下，收件人可以将Postscript文档转换为PDF格式，然后使用PDF打印程序进行打印。但是，这要求收件人拥有Adobe Acrobat蒸馏器程序，该程序不是免费软件。免费软件ghostscript的最新版本也可以转换为PDF格式。用户可能还必须将纸张大小指定为打印机中加载的实际纸张大小，而不是将文档转换为PDF或Postscript格式时指定的纸张大小。
It is also possible to edit the Postscript file, and add a scale command to it, before sending it to the printer.
在将Postscript文件发送到打印机之前，还可以编辑Postscript文件并向其添加缩放命令。
Method 2 can be more difficult for the recipient, who has to manage these settings himself. However, manufacturers of printing software may in the future make method 2 easier by making this service automatic, perhaps controlled by a 'shrink to fit paper size' checkbox in the printing window and a 'default shrink to fit paper size' preference setting.
方法2对于收件人来说可能更困难，因为他必须自己管理这些设置。但是，打印软件制造商将来可能会通过使此服务自动化来简化方法2，可能会通过打印窗口中的“缩小到适合纸张大小”复选框和“默认缩小到适合纸张大小”首选项设置进行控制。
In general, the authors of this RFC recommend PDF as the prefered formatted document distribution format over Postscript, not only because PDF printing programs typically feature a 'shrink to fit' option to handle different paper sizes elegantly, but also because PDF has built-in per page data compression, PDF files can be displayed without being fully downloaded, PDF is more portable, PDF has a better method of rendering fonts not available in the printer and PDF allows to embed URLs.
一般来说，本RFC的作者推荐PDF作为首选的格式化文档分发格式，而不是Postscript，这不仅是因为PDF打印程序通常具有“收缩到适合”选项，以优雅地处理不同的纸张大小，而且因为PDF具有内置的每页数据压缩，PDF文件可以在不完全下载的情况下显示，PDF更便于携带，PDF具有更好的呈现打印机中不可用字体的方法，并且PDF允许嵌入URL。
People in North America who often need to print international documents might choose to buy paper in the A4 size. It is available in the U.S. from many large paper distribution companies, and almost all laser printers support it.
在北美，经常需要打印国际文件的人可能会选择购买A4大小的纸张。在美国，许多大型纸张分发公司都提供该产品，几乎所有的激光打印机都支持该产品。
Markus Kuhn has provided many helpful suggestions on this document.
Markus Kuhn对此文件提出了许多有益的建议。
Adobe, Acrobat, Distiller, Exchange and Postscript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated or its subsidiaries.
Adobe、Acrobat、Diller、Exchange和Postscript是Adobe Systems Incorporated或其子公司的商标。
Adherence to the recommendations in this memo will increase the likelihood that a document will be readable, and look the same, to all recipients, and thus reduce the risk of misunderstanding. The recommendation does not in itself introduce any known new security risks. Of course, there might be a risk that reliance on the recommendations in this memo will make certain writers too sure that their documents will look the same.
遵守本备忘录中的建议将增加所有收件人都能阅读并保持相同外观的可能性，从而减少误解的风险。该建议本身不会带来任何已知的新安全风险。当然，依赖这份备忘录中的建议可能会使某些作者过于确信他们的文件看起来是一样的。
Postscript (TM) has well known security risks. These are discussed in [MIME].
Postscript（TM）具有众所周知的安全风险。这些在[MIME]中讨论。
A4 Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter - Trimmed sizes - A and B series, International Standard ISO 216, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1975.
A4书写纸和某些类别的印刷品.裁剪尺寸.A和B系列，国际标准ISO 216，国际标准化组织，日内瓦，1975年。
ANSI Bond Papers and Index Bristols - Common Sheet Sizes, North American National Standard ANSI X3.151, North American National Standards Institute, 1987.
美国国家标准协会债券和索引布里斯托尔-通用纸张尺寸，北美国家标准ANSI X3.151，北美国家标准协会，1987年。
ISO Paper - Holes for general filing purposes - 838 Specifications, International Standard ISO 838, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1974.
ISO纸张-一般归档用孔-838规范，国际标准ISO 838，国际标准化组织，日内瓦，1974年。
Kuhn Markus Kuhn: International Standard Paper Sizes. <URL:http://www.ft.uni-erlangen.de/~mskuhn/iso-paper.html>.
Kuhn-Markus Kuhn：国际标准纸张尺寸<网址：http://www.ft.uni-erlangen.de/~mskuhn/iso paper.html>。
PDF Tim Bienz, Richard Cohn, James R. Mechan: Portable Document Format Reference Manual, Version 1.2, Adobe Systems Incorporated, <URL:http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelation s/PDFS/TN/PDFSPEC.PDF>.
PDF Tim Bienz，Richard Cohn，James R.Mechan:可移植文档格式参考手册，1.2版，Adobe Systems Incorporated，<URL:http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelation s/PDFS/TN/PDFSPEC.PDF>。
MIME Freed, N., and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046, November 1996.
MIME Freed，N.和N.Borenstein，“多用途互联网邮件扩展（MIME）第二部分：媒体类型”，RFC 20461996年11月。
Jacob Palme Stockholm University and KTH Electrum 230 S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
雅各布·帕尔姆斯德哥尔摩大学和KTH Electrum 230 S-164 40 Kista，瑞典
Phone: +46-8-16 16 67
Fax: +46-8-783 08 29
EMail: jpalme@dsv.su.se
Phone: +46-8-16 16 67
Fax: +46-8-783 08 29
EMail: jpalme@dsv.su.se
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
本文件及其译本可复制并提供给他人，对其进行评论或解释或协助其实施的衍生作品可全部或部分编制、复制、出版和分发，不受任何限制，前提是上述版权声明和本段包含在所有此类副本和衍生作品中。但是，不得以任何方式修改本文件本身，例如删除版权通知或对互联网协会或其他互联网组织的引用，除非出于制定互联网标准的需要，在这种情况下，必须遵循互联网标准过程中定义的版权程序，或根据需要将其翻译成英语以外的其他语言。
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
本文件和其中包含的信息是按“原样”提供的，互联网协会和互联网工程任务组否认所有明示或暗示的保证，包括但不限于任何保证，即使用本文中的信息不会侵犯任何权利，或对适销性或特定用途适用性的任何默示保证。