Network Working Group A. Bressen
Request for Comments: 2321 Cohesive Network Systems
Category: Informational 1 April 1998
Network Working Group A. Bressen
Request for Comments: 2321 Cohesive Network Systems
Category: Informational 1 April 1998
RITA -- The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent
RITA——可靠的网络故障排除代理
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
Abstract
摘要
A Description of the usage of Nondeterministic Troubleshooting and Diagnostic Methodologies as applied to today's complex nondeterministic networks and environments.
描述应用于当今复杂的非确定性网络和环境的非确定性故障排除和诊断方法的使用。
Increasingly, IETF efforts have been devoted to aiding network management, troubleshooting, and diagnosis. Results have included SNMP, cflowd, and RMON, and ongoing projects at the time of this writing include Universal Logging Protocol and Distributed Management. These tools work well within the horizon of deterministic situations in which the configuration of the network or relevant components is known or can be relatively easily determined. They do not well address many problems that are related to the complex internetworks we have today, such as:
IETF越来越多地致力于帮助网络管理、故障排除和诊断。结果包括SNMP、cflowd和RMON，撰写本文时正在进行的项目包括通用日志协议和分布式管理。这些工具在网络或相关组件的配置已知或相对容易确定的确定性情况下工作良好。它们不能很好地解决与我们今天的复杂互联网相关的许多问题，例如：
o Networks where the root bridge for a world-wide bridged network is suboptimally located, such as under the desk of a secretary who kicks off her shoes when she arrives in the morning. o Networks where a hub is located adjacent to a monitor that emits disruptive RF when displaying certain graphics. o Networks where an ISP and several of their customers use network 10.0.0.0 internally and do not hide RIP broadcasts from one another. o Networks where gateways are data-sensitive o Networks where vendors inadvertently ship units with duplicate MAC addresses to the same end-user or where all users have a tool for changing MAC addresses.
o 全球桥接网络的根网桥位于次优位置的网络，例如在秘书的办公桌下，当她早上到达时，秘书会踢掉她的鞋子。o集线器位于显示器附近的网络，显示器在显示某些图形时会发出干扰性射频。o一个ISP及其多个客户在内部使用network 10.0.0.0，并且彼此之间不隐藏RIP广播的网络。o网关对数据敏感的网络o供应商无意中将具有重复MAC地址的设备发送给同一最终用户的网络，或所有用户都有更改MAC地址的工具的网络。
In this document we introduce a new hardware-based tool for diagnosis and repair of network related hardware and software problems. This tool is best suited to addressing nondeterministic problems such as those described above. This tool has broad areas of application at all levels of the OSI model; in addition to uses in the physical, network, transport and application layers, it has been used to successfully address problems at the political and religious layers as well. RITA, the Reliable Internet Troubleshooting Agent, was developed initially at The Leftbank Operation (now known as Cohesive Network Systems, New England Division) based on a hardware platform supplied by Archie McPhee (Reference [1]). A typical RITA unit is depicted in Figure 1.
在本文档中，我们介绍了一种新的基于硬件的工具，用于诊断和修复与网络相关的硬件和软件问题。此工具最适合于解决上述不确定性问题。该工具在OSI模型的所有级别都有广泛的应用领域；除了用于物理层、网络层、传输层和应用层之外，它还被用于成功解决政治和宗教层的问题。RITA是可靠的互联网故障排除代理，最初是在Leftbank运营部（现在称为新英格兰地区的内聚网络系统部）基于Archie McPhee提供的硬件平台开发的（参考文献[1]）。图1描绘了一个典型的丽塔单元。
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Figure 1.
图1。
A typical RITA is 51.25 cm long and yellow-orange in color. Either natural or artificial substances may be used for construction. RITA has very flexible characteristics, and thus can interoperate within fairly broad parameters. Unlike most other tools described in forthcoming RFC's, RITA does not require any IANA namespace management. It is not anticipated that versions will be incompatible, thus no versioning field is present. Interoperability testing may be conducted at a future meeting of the IETF.
一个典型的丽塔是51.25厘米长和黄橙色的颜色。可使用天然或人工物质进行施工。RITA具有非常灵活的特性，因此可以在相当广泛的参数范围内进行互操作。与即将发布的RFC中描述的大多数其他工具不同，RITA不需要任何IANA命名空间管理。预计版本不会不兼容，因此不存在版本控制字段。互操作性测试可在IETF的未来会议上进行。
3. Diagnostic Usage:
3. 诊断用途：
RITA may be applied in two diagnostic fashions, however only one of these methods, described below in 3.1, has been refined to a state such that we feel comfortable publishing the methodology.
RITA可能以两种诊断方式应用，但这些方法中只有一种（见下文第3.1节）经过改进，使我们能够放心地发布该方法。
3.1 The first method provides a broad-spectrum evaluation of quality of the entity tested, and is thus known as the BS eval test. This method can be used with great success on both deterministic and non-deterministic problems. Testing is performed by placing the RITA unit on top of a suspect piece of hardware, or, in the case of software, placing the unit on a packaged copy of the program, or hard copy of the source code.
3.1 第一种方法对被测实体的质量进行广谱评估，因此称为BS eval测试。这种方法在确定性和非确定性问题上都能取得很大的成功。测试是通过将RITA单元放置在可疑硬件上，或者，如果是软件，则将该单元放置在程序的打包副本或源代码的硬拷贝上进行的。
If the RITA does not get up and fly away, the hardware or software being tested is misconfigured, fubar, or broken as designed. While this method does identify all equipment and software as sub-optimal, Sturgeon's Law (see reference [5]) indicates that at least 90% of these results are accurate, and it is felt that a maximum 10% false positive result is within acceptable parameters.
如果丽塔没有站起来飞走，那么被测试的硬件或软件就会被错误配置、fubar或按设计损坏。虽然该方法确实将所有设备和软件识别为次优，但Sturgeon定律（见参考文献[5]）表明，这些结果中至少有90%是准确的，并且认为最大10%的假阳性结果在可接受的参数范围内。
3.2 The second method involves applications of traditional techniques of haruspication (see reference [3]) and to date has been practiced with much greater success using implements other than RITA. The absence of entrails in the RITA unit may contribute to this; future design enhancements may address this issue by the addition of artificial giblets.
3.2 第二种方法涉及到传统Harusption技术的应用（见参考文献[3]），到目前为止，使用除RITA以外的其他工具已经取得了更大的成功。RITA单元中没有内脏可能是原因之一；未来的设计改进可能会通过添加人工Giblet来解决这个问题。
An alternative approach that has been discarded involved cleromantic principles (see reference [3]), and was known as "flipping the bird".
另一种被抛弃的方法涉及到了世俗主义原则（见参考文献[3]），被称为“翻鸟”。
4. Corrective Usage:
4. 纠正用法：
Corrective usage of RITA is most successful in dealing with the most difficult class of networking problems: those that seem to exhibit sporadic, non-deterministic behavior.
纠正性使用RITA在处理最困难的网络问题方面最为成功：那些似乎表现出零星、不确定性行为的问题。
RITA units enhance normal corrective measures of these problems, methods such as rebooting, reseating of components and connectors, changing tabs to spaces or vice-versa in configuration files, blaming third-party vendors, and use of ballistic implements to effect wholesale displacement of systems and software, to at least 100% of their normal efficacy.
RITA单位加强了这些问题的正常纠正措施，如重新启动、重新安装组件和连接器、将配置文件中的标签改为空格或将空格改为空格、指责第三方供应商以及使用弹道工具影响系统和软件的整体置换，至少达到其正常功效的100%。
Specific Problem Methodologies:
具体问题方法：
o Physical Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning components. o Network Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning components. o Transport Layer: Wave RITA unit towards malfunctioning components.
o 物理层：向发生故障的组件发送RITA单元。o网络层：向发生故障的组件发送RITA单元。o传输层：向发生故障的组件发送RITA单元。
o Application Layer: Strike product vendor representative (or programmer, if available) with RITA, preferably on the top of the skull, while shouting, "Read The Fine RFC's comma darn it!" o Political Layer: Strike advocates of disruptive or obstructive policies with RITA, preferably on the top of the skull. In extreme cases insertion of RITA into bodily apertures may become necessary. WARNING: subsequent failure to remove RITA may cause further problems. o Religious Layer: Strike advocates of disruptive or obstructive religions, and their vendor representatives, with RITA, preferably on the top of the skull. In extreme cases, the RITA may be used as a phlactory, funerary urn, or endcap for bus-and-tag cables.
o 应用层：与丽塔一起罢工产品供应商代表（或程序员，如果有的话），最好是在头骨上，同时高喊“读好的RFC的逗号该死！”o政治层：与丽塔一起罢工破坏性或阻碍性政策的倡导者，最好是在头骨上。在极端情况下，可能需要将丽塔插入身体的孔中。警告：随后未能移除RITA可能会导致进一步的问题。o宗教层面：打击破坏性或阻碍性宗教的倡导者，以及他们的供应商代表，最好是将丽塔置于头骨之上。在极端情况下，丽塔可以用作墓室、骨灰盒或总线和标签电缆的端盖。
A RITA MIB is under development. This may require adding interface technology and hardware to RITA; a prototype is depicted in Figure 2.
RITA MIB正在开发中。这可能需要向RITA添加接口技术和硬件；原型如图2所示。
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| | | |
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i' ' / / =========<-
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.;__. ,__,--------. / ,
/ ,/ vv \ =========<-
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^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
beak wattles legs ethernet
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| | | |
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Figure 2.
图2。
There has been to date no investigation of the possible use of RITA to implement RFC 1149.
迄今为止，尚未对可能使用RITA实施RFC 1149进行调查。
Additionally, this tool has been used with some success for dealing with non-network problems, particularly in the debugging of SCSI bus malfunctions.
此外，该工具已成功用于处理非网络问题，特别是SCSI总线故障的调试。
The RITA will only have serious impact on system security facilities if it is filled with lead shot. It does however, increase the personal security of system administrators; few network toughs are willing to face down a sysadmin armed with a RITA and a confident demeanor.
RITA只有在充满铅弹的情况下才会对系统安全设施造成严重影响。但是，它确实提高了系统管理员的个人安全性；很少有网络高手愿意面对一个拥有丽塔和自信举止的系统管理员。
[1] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "Instructions to RFC Authors", RFC 2223, October 1997.
[1] Postel，J.和J.Reynolds，“RFC作者须知”，RFC 2223，1997年10月。
[2] McPhee, A., http://www.mcphee.com
[2] McPhee, A., http://www.mcphee.com
[3] http://www.clix.net/5thworld/no-osphere/3e/manteia.html
[3] http://www.clix.net/5thworld/no-osphere/3e/manteia.html
[4] Waitzman, D., "Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers" RFC 1149, April 1990.
[4] Waitzman，D.，“鸟类载体上IP数据报的传输”，RFC 1149，1990年4月。
[5] Raymond, E. (editor), "The New Hacker's Dictionary" 2nd ed., MIT Press, September 1993. ISBN 0-262-18154-1
[5] 雷蒙德（编辑），《新黑客词典》第二版，麻省理工学院出版社，1993年9月。ISBN 0-262-18154-1
Initial Development of RITA, Editing, and excellent leather jacket provided by Bob Antia, first reading by John "cgull" Hood, illustrations done using equipment provided by Elizabeth Goodman and Gerry Goodnough.
《丽塔》的初步开发、编辑以及Bob Antia提供的优质皮夹克、John“cgull”Hood提供的首读、使用Elizabeth Goodman和Gerry Goodnough提供的设备完成的插图。
Andrew K. Bressen 72 Endicott Street Somerville, MA
安德鲁·K·布雷森马萨诸塞州萨默维尔恩迪科特街72号
Phone: 617-776-2373
EMail: bressen@leftbank.com, bressen@cohesive.com, bressen@mirror.to
Phone: 617-776-2373
EMail: bressen@leftbank.com, bressen@cohesive.com, bressen@mirror.to
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
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