Network Working Group C. Allocchio
Request for Comments: 2303 GARR-Italy
Category: Standards Track March 1998
Network Working Group C. Allocchio
Request for Comments: 2303 GARR-Italy
Category: Standards Track March 1998
Minimal PSTN address format in Internet Mail
Internet邮件中的最小PSTN地址格式
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本文件规定了互联网社区的互联网标准跟踪协议，并要求进行讨论和提出改进建议。有关本协议的标准化状态和状态，请参考当前版本的“互联网官方协议标准”（STD 1）。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
IESG NOTE
IESG注释
This memo describes a simple method of encoding PSTN addresses in the local-part of Internet email addresses, along with an extension mechanism to allow encoding of additional standard attributes needed for email gateways to PSTN-based services.
本备忘录描述了一种在Internet电子邮件地址的本地部分对PSTN地址进行编码的简单方法，以及一种扩展机制，允许对基于PSTN的服务的电子邮件网关所需的附加标准属性进行编码。
As with all Internet mail addresses, the left-hand-side (local- part) of an address generated according to this specification, is not to be interpreted except by the MTA that is named on the right-hand-side (domain).
与所有Internet邮件地址一样，根据本规范生成的地址的左侧（本地部分）不能解释，除非由右侧（域）命名的MTA解释。
Since the very first e-mail to PSTN services gateway appeared, a number of different methods to specify a PSTN address as an e-mail address have been used by implementors. Two major objectives for this were
自从第一个电子邮件到PSTN服务网关出现以来，实施者使用了许多不同的方法将PSTN地址指定为电子邮件地址。这方面的两个主要目标是：
- enable an e-mail user to access these services from his/her e-mail interface;
- 允许电子邮件用户从其电子邮件界面访问这些服务；
- enable some kind of "PSTN over e-mail service" transport, to reduce the costs of PSTN long distance transmissions, and use the existing e-mail infrastructure.
- 启用某种“通过电子邮件服务的PSTN”传输，以降低PSTN远程传输的成本，并使用现有的电子邮件基础设施。
This memo describes the MINIMAL addressing method to encode PSTN addresses into e-mail addresses and the standard extension mechanism to allow definition of further standard elements. The opposite problem, i.e. to allow a traditional numeric-only PSTN device user to access the e-mail transport service, is not discussed here.
本备忘录描述了将PSTN地址编码为电子邮件地址的最小寻址方法，以及允许定义更多标准元素的标准扩展机制。此处不讨论相反的问题，即允许传统的仅限数字的PSTN设备用户访问电子邮件传输服务。
All implementations supporting this PSTN over e-mail service MUST support as a minimum the specification described in this document. The generic complex case of converting the whole PSTN addressing into e-mail is out of scope in this minimal specification: there is some work in progress in the field, where also a number of standard optional extensions are being defined.
支持此PSTN over e-mail服务的所有实现必须至少支持本文档中描述的规范。将整个PSTN寻址转换为电子邮件的一般复杂情况超出了本最低规范的范围：该领域正在进行一些工作，其中还定义了一些标准可选扩展。
In this document the formal definitions are described using ABNF syntax, as defined into [7]. We will also use some of the "CORE DEFINITIONS" defined in "APPENDIX A - CORE" of that document. The exact meaning of the capitalised words
在本文档中，使用[7]中定义的ABNF语法描述正式定义。我们还将使用该文件“附录A-核心”中定义的一些“核心定义”。大写单词的确切含义
"MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", "OPTIONAL"
“必须”、“不得”、“必需”、“应”、“不应”、“应”、“不应”、“推荐”、“可”、“可选”
is defined in reference [6].
定义见参考文献[6]。
The minimal specification of a PSTN address in e-mail address is as follows:
电子邮件地址中PSTN地址的最低规格如下：
pstn-address = pstn-mbox [ qualif-type1 ]
pstn地址=pstn mbox[qualif-type1]
pstn-mbox = service-selector "=" global-phone
pstn mbox=服务选择器“=”全球电话
service-selector = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
; note that SP (space) is not allowed in
; service-selector.
; service-selector MUST be handled as a case
; INSENSITIVE string by implementations.
service-selector = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
; note that SP (space) is not allowed in
; service-selector.
; service-selector MUST be handled as a case
; INSENSITIVE string by implementations.
Specifications adopting the "pstn-address" definition MUST define a unique case insensitive "service-selector" element to identify the specific messaging service involved.
采用“pstn地址”定义的规范必须定义一个唯一的不区分大小写的“服务选择器”元素，以标识所涉及的特定消息服务。
These specifications MUST also define which minimal "qualif-type1" extensions, if any, MUST be supported for the specified service.
这些规范还必须定义指定服务必须支持的最小“qualif-type1”扩展（如果有）。
Implementations confirming to these minimal requirements specification are allowed to ingnore any other non-minimal extensions address element which can be present in the "pstn-address". However,
符合这些最低要求规范的实现允许忽略“pstn地址”中可能存在的任何其他非最低扩展地址元素。然而
conforming implementations MUST preserve all "qualif-type1" address elements they receive.
一致性实现必须保留它们收到的所有“qualif-type1”地址元素。
The generic "qualif-type1" element is defined as:
通用“qualif-type1”元素定义为：
qualif-type1 = "/" keyword "=" string
qualif-type1 = "/" keyword "=" string
keyword = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
; note that SP (space) is not allowed in keyword
keyword = 1*( DIGIT / ALPHA / "-" )
; note that SP (space) is not allowed in keyword
string = PCHAR ; note that printable characters are %x20-7E
字符串=PCHAR；请注意，可打印字符为%x20-7E
As such, all "pstn-address" extensions elements MUST be defined in the "qualif-type1" form.
因此，所有“pstn地址”扩展元素必须以“qualif-type1”形式定义。
We now define the minimal supported syntax for global-phone:
现在，我们为全球电话定义支持的最低语法：
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT , written-sep )
global-phone = "+" 1*( DIGIT , written-sep )
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
written-sep = ( "-" / "." )
The use of other dialling schemas for PSTN numbers (like private numbering plans or local dialling conventions) is also allowed. However, this does not preclude nor remove the minimal compulsory requirement to support the "global-phone" syntax as defined above.
也允许对PSTN号码使用其他拨号模式（如专用编号计划或本地拨号约定）。但是，这并不排除或删除支持上述“全局电话”语法的最低强制要求。
Any non "global-phone" dialling schema MUST NOT use the leading "+" between the "=" sign and the dialling string. The "+" sign is strictly reserved for the standard "global-phone" syntax.
任何非“全局电话”拨号模式不得在“=”符号和拨号字符串之间使用前导“+”。“+”符号严格保留为标准的“全球电话”语法。
Note: The specification of these different dialling schemas is out of scope for this minimal specification.
注意：这些不同拨号模式的规范超出此最低规范的范围。
User specification of PSTN e-mail addresses will be facilitated if they can insert these separators between dial elements like digits etc. For this reason we allow them in the syntax the written-sep element.
如果PSTN电子邮件地址的用户可以在拨号元素（如数字等）之间插入分隔符，则可以方便地指定PSTN电子邮件地址。因此，我们允许在语法中使用书面sep元素。
Implementors' note: Use of the written-sep elements is allowed, but not recommended. Any occurences of written-sep elements in a pstn-mbox MUST be ignored by all conformant implementations. User Agents SHOULD remove written-sep elements before submitting messages to the Message Transport System.
实施者注意：允许使用书面的sep元素，但不推荐使用。在pstn mbox中出现的任何书面sep元素都必须被所有一致性实现忽略。在向消息传输系统提交消息之前，用户代理应删除已写入的sep元素。
VOICE=+3940226338
语音=+3940226338
FAX=+12027653000/T33S=6377
FAX=+12027653000/T33S=6377
SMS=+33-1-88335215
SMS=+33-1-88335215
An "I-pstn device" has an e-mail address, or to be more exact, a name which enables a mail system to identify it on the e-mail global system.
“I-pstn设备”有一个电子邮件地址，或者更准确地说，是一个使邮件系统能够在电子邮件全局系统上识别它的名称。
In Internet mail, this is the Right Hand Side (RHS) part of the address, i.e. the part on the right of the "@" sign. We will call this "mta-I-pstn"
在Internet邮件中，这是地址的右侧（RHS）部分，即“@”符号右侧的部分。我们称之为“mta-I-pstn”
mta-I-pstn = domain
mta-I-pstn = domain
For "domain" strings used in SMTP transmissions, the string MUST conform to the requirements of that standard's <domain> specifications [1], [3]. For "domain" strings used in message content headers, the string MUST conform to the requirements of the relevant standards [2], [3].
对于SMTP传输中使用的“域”字符串，该字符串必须符合该标准的<domain>规范[1]、[3]的要求。对于消息内容头中使用的“域”字符串，该字符串必须符合相关标准[2]、[3]的要求。
Note: in both cases, the standards permit use of "domain names" or "domain literals" in addresses.
注：在这两种情况下，标准都允许在地址中使用“域名”或“域名文字”。
The complete structure used to transfer a minimal PSTN address over the Internet e-mail transport system is called "pstn-email". This object is a an e-mail address which conforms to RFC822 [2] and RFC1123 [3] "addr-spec" syntax, with some extra structure which allows the PSTN number to be identified.
用于通过Internet电子邮件传输系统传输最小PSTN地址的完整结构称为“PSTN电子邮件”。此对象是一个符合RFC822[2]和RFC1123[3]“addr spec”语法的电子邮件地址，具有允许识别PSTN号码的额外结构。
pstn-email = ["/"] pstn-address ["/"] "@" mta-I-pstn
pstn-email = ["/"] pstn-address ["/"] "@" mta-I-pstn
Implementors' note: The optional "/" characters can result from other mail transport services gateways, where it is also an optional element. Implementations MUST accept the optional slashes but SHOULD NOT generate them. Gateways are allowed to strip them off when converting to Internet mail addressing.
实现者注意：可选的“/”字符可能来自其他邮件传输服务网关，在这些网关中它也是可选元素。实现必须接受可选的斜杠，但不应生成它们。在转换为Internet邮件地址时，允许网关将其剥离。
It is essential to remind that "pstn-address" element MUST strictly follow the "quoting rules" spcified in the relevant standards [2], [3].
必须提醒的是，“pstn地址”元素必须严格遵守相关标准[2]、[3]中规定的“引用规则”。
In case a particular service requires multiple subaddresses (in any form defined by the specific standard specification for that service), and these subaddresses need to be given on the same "pstn-mbox", multiple "pstn-email" elements will be used.
如果特定服务需要多个子地址（以该服务的特定标准规范定义的任何形式），并且这些子地址需要在同一个“pstn mbox”上提供，则将使用多个“pstn电子邮件”元素。
Implementors' note: The UA could accept multiple subaddress elements for the same global-phone, but it must generate multiple "pstn-mbox" elements when passing the message to the MTA.
实施者注意：UA可以为同一个全局电话接受多个子地址元素，但在将消息传递给MTA时必须生成多个“pstn mbox”元素。
VOICE=+3940226338@worldvoice.com
VOICE=+3940226338@worldvoice.com
FAX=+1.202.7653000/T33S=6377@faxserv.org
FAX=+1.202.7653000/T33S=6377@faxserv.org
/SMS=+33-1-88335215/@telecom.com
/SMS=+33-1-88335215/@telecom.com
This proposal creates a minimal standard encoding for PSTN addresses within the global e-mail transport system and defines the standard extension mechanism to be used to introduce specific new elements.
本提案为全球电子邮件传输系统内的PSTN地址创建了最低标准编码，并定义了用于引入特定新元素的标准扩展机制。
The proposal requires no changes to existing e-mail software. Each specific PSTN service using this proposal MUST define its own "service-selector" specification and MUST define the eventual other "qualif-type1" elements to be supported for its minimal addressing specification. An example is in reference [13].
该提案不需要更改现有的电子邮件软件。使用此方案的每个特定PSTN服务必须定义其自己的“服务选择器”规范，并且必须定义其最低寻址规范所支持的最终其他“qualif-type1”元素。参考文献[13]中有一个例子。
This document specifies a means by which PSTN addresses can be encoded into e-mail addresses. As routing of e-mail messages is determined by Domain Name System (DNS) information, a successful attack on this service could force the mail path via some particular gateway or message transfer agent where mail security can be affected by compromised software.
本文件规定了将PSTN地址编码为电子邮件地址的方法。由于电子邮件的路由由域名系统（DNS）信息决定，因此对该服务的成功攻击可能会迫使邮件路径通过某个特定网关或邮件传输代理，其中邮件安全性可能会受到受损软件的影响。
There are several means by which an attacker might be able to deliver incorrect mail routing information to a client. These include: (a) compromise of a DNS server, (b) generating a counterfeit response to
攻击者可以通过多种方式向客户端发送错误的邮件路由信息。这些包括：（a）DNS服务器的危害，（b）生成对DNS服务器的伪造响应
a client's DNS query, (c) returning incorrect "additional information" in response to an unrelated query. Clients SHOULD ensure that mail routing is based only on authoritative answers. Once DNS Security mechanisms [5] become more widely deployed, clients SHOULD employ those mechanisms to verify the authenticity and integrity of mail routing records.
客户端的DNS查询，（c）返回不正确的“附加信息”以响应不相关的查询。客户端应确保邮件路由仅基于权威答案。一旦DNS安全机制[5]得到更广泛的部署，客户端应该使用这些机制来验证邮件路由记录的真实性和完整性。
Claudio Allocchio Sincrotrone Trieste SS 14 Km 163.5 Basovizza I 34012 Trieste Italy
Claudio Allocchio Sincrotrone Trieste SS 14 Km意大利的里雅斯特Basovizza I 34012
RFC822: Claudio.Allocchio@elettra.trieste.it
X.400: C=it;A=garr;P=Trieste;O=Elettra;
S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
Phone: +39 40 3758523
Fax: +39 40 3758565
RFC822: Claudio.Allocchio@elettra.trieste.it
X.400: C=it;A=garr;P=Trieste;O=Elettra;
S=Allocchio;G=Claudio;
Phone: +39 40 3758523
Fax: +39 40 3758565
[1] Postel, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", STD 10, RFC 821, August 1982.
[1] Postel，J.，“简单邮件传输协议”，STD 10，RFC 821，1982年8月。
[2] Crocker, D., " Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text messages", STD 11, RFC 822, August 1982.
[2] Crocker，D.，“ARPA互联网文本信息格式标准”，STD 11，RFC 822，1982年8月。
[3] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
[3] Braden，R.，“互联网主机的要求——应用和支持”，RFC 1123，1989年10月。
[4] Malamud, C. and M. Rose, "Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures", RFC 1528, October 1993.
[4] Malamud，C.和M.Rose，“TPC.INT子域的操作原则：远程打印——技术程序”，RFC 15281993年10月。
[5] Eastlake, D. and C. Kaufman, "Domain Name System Security Extensions", RFC 2065, January 1997.
[5] Eastlake，D.和C.Kaufman，“域名系统安全扩展”，RFC 20651997年1月。
[6] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.
[6] Bradner，S.，“RFC中用于表示需求水平的关键词”，RFC 211997年3月。
[7] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications", RFC 2234, November 1997.
[7] Crocker，D.和P.Overell，“语法规范的扩充BNF”，RFC 2234，1997年11月。
[8] ITU F.401 - Message Handling Services: Naming and Addressing for Public Message Handling Service; recommendation F.401 (August 1992)
[8] ITU F.401-信息处理服务：公共信息处理服务的命名和寻址；建议F.401（1992年8月）
[9] ITU F.423 - Message Handling Services: Intercommunication Between the Interpersonal Messaging Service and the Telefax Service; recommendation F.423 (August 1992)
[9] ITU F.423-信息处理服务：人际信息服务和传真服务之间的相互通信；建议F.423（1992年8月）
[10] ITU E.164 - Numbering plan for the ISDN era; recommendation E.164/I.331 (August 1991)
[10] ITU E.164——ISDN时代的编号计划；建议E.164/I.331（1991年8月）
[11] ITU T.33 - Facsimile routing utilizing the subaddress; recommendation T.33 (July, 1996)
[11] ITU T.33-使用子地址的传真路由；建议T.33（1996年7月）
[12] ETSI I-ETS 300,380 - Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT): Access Devices Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) sender for acoustical coupling to the microphone of a handset telephone (March 1995)
[12] ETSI I-ETS 300380-通用个人电信（UPT）：接入设备-用于与手持电话麦克风进行声学耦合的双音多频（DTMF）发送器（1995年3月）
[13] Allocchio, C., " Minimal FAX address format in Internet Mail", RFC 2304, March 1998.
[13] Allocchio，C.，“因特网邮件中的最小传真地址格式”，RFC 2304，1998年3月。
[14] Kille, S., "MIXER (Mime Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay): Mapping between X.400 and RFC 822/MIME", RFC 2156, January 1998.
[14] Kille，S.，“混音器（Mime互联网X.400增强中继）：X.400和RFC 822/Mime之间的映射”，RFC 2156，1998年1月。
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.
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The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
上述授予的有限许可是永久性的，互联网协会或其继承人或受让人不会撤销。
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