Network Working Group R. Mandeville
Request for Comments: 2285 European Network Laboratories
Category: Informational February 1998
Network Working Group R. Mandeville
Request for Comments: 2285 European Network Laboratories
Category: Informational February 1998
Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices
局域网交换设备的基准术语
Status of this Memo
本备忘录的状况
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
本备忘录为互联网社区提供信息。它没有规定任何类型的互联网标准。本备忘录的分发不受限制。
Copyright Notice
版权公告
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
Table of Contents
目录
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Existing definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Term definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.1 Device under test (DUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.2 System under test (SUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Traffic orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 Unidirectional traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2 Bidirectional traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Traffic distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3.1 Non-meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3.2 Partially meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.3 Fully meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Bursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4.1 Burst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4.2 Burst size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4.3 Inter-burst gap (IBG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5.1 Intended load (Iload) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5.2 Offered load (Oload) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.5.3 Maximum offered load (MOL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.5.4 Overloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.6 Forwarding rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6.1 Forwarding rate (FR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6.2 Forwarding rate at maximum offered load (FRMOL). . . . 16
3.6.3 Maximum forwarding rate (MFR). . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.7 Congestion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.7.1 Backpressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.7.2 Forward pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Existing definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Term definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.1 Device under test (DUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.2 System under test (SUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Traffic orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.1 Unidirectional traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2 Bidirectional traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3 Traffic distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3.1 Non-meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3.2 Partially meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.3 Fully meshed traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.4 Bursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4.1 Burst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4.2 Burst size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4.3 Inter-burst gap (IBG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.5 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5.1 Intended load (Iload) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5.2 Offered load (Oload) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.5.3 Maximum offered load (MOL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.5.4 Overloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.6 Forwarding rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6.1 Forwarding rate (FR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.6.2 Forwarding rate at maximum offered load (FRMOL). . . . 16
3.6.3 Maximum forwarding rate (MFR). . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.7 Congestion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.7.1 Backpressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.7.2 Forward pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.7.3 Head of line blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.8 Address handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.1 Address caching capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.2 Address learning rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.3 Flood count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.9 Errored frame filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.9.1 Errored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.10 Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.10.1 Broadcast forwarding rate at maximum load . . . . . . 22
3.10.2 Broadcast latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7. Author's Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.7.3 Head of line blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.8 Address handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.1 Address caching capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.2 Address learning rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.8.3 Flood count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.9 Errored frame filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.9.1 Errored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.10 Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.10.1 Broadcast forwarding rate at maximum load . . . . . . 22
3.10.2 Broadcast latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6. Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7. Author's Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8. Full Copyright Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
This document is intended to provide terminology for the benchmarking of local area network (LAN) switching devices. It extends the terminology already defined for benchmarking network interconnect devices in RFCs 1242 and 1944 to switching devices.
本文件旨在为局域网（LAN）交换设备的基准测试提供术语。它将RFCs 1242和1944中为基准网络互连设备定义的术语扩展到交换设备。
Although it might be found useful to apply some of the terms defined here to a broader range of network interconnect devices, this RFC primarily deals with devices which switch frames at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. It defines terms in relation to the traffic put to use when benchmarking switching devices, forwarding performance, congestion control, latency, address handling and filtering.
尽管将此处定义的一些术语应用于范围更广的网络互连设备可能很有用，但本RFC主要处理在介质访问控制（MAC）层交换帧的设备。它定义了在对交换设备、转发性能、拥塞控制、延迟、地址处理和过滤进行基准测试时使用的流量相关术语。
RFC 1242 "Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnect Devices" should be consulted before attempting to make use of this document. RFC 1944 "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices" contains discussions of a number of terms relevant to the benchmarking of switching devices and should also be consulted.
在尝试使用本文件之前，应参考RFC 1242“网络互连设备的基准术语”。RFC 1944“网络互连设备的基准测试方法”包含与交换设备基准测试相关的许多术语的讨论，也应参考。
For the sake of clarity and continuity this RFC adopts the template for definitions set out in Section 2 of RFC 1242. Definitions are indexed and grouped together in sections for ease of reference.
为了清晰和连续性，本RFC采用RFC 1242第2节规定的定义模板。为了便于参考，定义被编入索引并分组在各个部分中。
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
本文件中的关键词“必须”、“不得”、“要求”、“应”、“不得”、“应”、“不应”、“建议”、“可”和“可选”应按照RFC 2119中的说明进行解释。
This group of definitions applies to all types of networking devices.
这组定义适用于所有类型的网络设备。
Definition:
定义：
The network forwarding device to which stimulus is offered and response measured.
向其提供刺激并测量响应的网络转发设备。
Discussion:
讨论：
A single stand-alone or modular unit which receives frames on one or more of its interfaces and then forwards them to one or more interfaces according to the addressing information contained in the frame.
一种单独的或模块化的单元，它在一个或多个接口上接收帧，然后根据帧中包含的寻址信息将帧转发给一个或多个接口。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
system under test (SUT) (3.1.2)
被测系统（SUT）（3.1.2）
Definition:
定义：
The collective set of network devices to which stimulus is offered as a single entity and response measured.
作为单个实体提供刺激并测量响应的一组网络设备。
Discussion:
讨论：
A system under test may be comprised of a variety of networking devices. Some devices may be active in the forwarding decision-making process, such as routers or switches; other devices may be passive such as a CSU/DSU. Regardless of constituent components, the system is treated as a singular entity to which stimulus is offered and response measured.
被测系统可由多种网络设备组成。一些设备可能在转发决策过程中处于活动状态，例如路由器或交换机；其他设备可以是无源的，例如CSU/DSU。无论组成成分如何，系统都被视为一个单一实体，向其提供刺激并测量响应。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
device under test (DUT) (3.1.1)
被测装置（DUT）（3.1.1）
This group of definitions applies to the traffic presented to the interfaces of a DUT/SUT and indicates whether the interfaces are receiving only, transmitting only, or both receiving and transmitting.
这组定义适用于呈现给DUT/SUT接口的通信量，并指示接口是仅接收、仅发送还是同时接收和发送。
Definition:
定义：
When all frames presented to the input interfaces of a DUT/SUT are addressed to output interfaces which do not themselves receive any frames.
当呈现给DUT/SUT输入接口的所有帧被寻址到自身不接收任何帧的输出接口时。
Discussion:
讨论：
This definition conforms to the discussion in section 16 of RFC 1944 which describes how unidirectional traffic can be offered to a DUT/SUT to measure throughput. Unidirectional traffic is also appropriate for:
该定义符合RFC 1944第16节中的讨论，该节描述了如何向DUT/SUT提供单向流量以测量吞吐量。单向交通也适用于：
-the measurement of the minimum inter-frame gap -the creation of many-to-one or one-to-many interface overload -the detection of head of line blocking -the measurement of forwarding rates and throughput when congestion control mechanisms are active.
-最小帧间间隙的测量——多对一或一对多接口过载的产生——线端阻塞的检测——拥塞控制机制激活时转发速率和吞吐量的测量。
When a tester offers unidirectional traffic to a DUT/SUT reception and transmission are handled by different interfaces or sets of interfaces of the DUT/SUT. All frames received from the tester by the DUT/SUT are transmitted back to the tester from interfaces which do not themselves receive any frames.
当测试仪向DUT/SUT提供单向通信时，接收和传输由DUT/SUT的不同接口或接口组处理。DUT/SUT从测试仪接收到的所有帧都从本身不接收任何帧的接口传输回测试仪。
It is useful to distinguish traffic orientation and traffic distribution when considering traffic patterns used in device testing. Unidirectional traffic, for example, is traffic orientated in a single direction between mutually exclusive sets of source and destination interfaces of a DUT/SUT. Such traffic,
在考虑设备测试中使用的流量模式时，区分流量方向和流量分布非常有用。例如，单向通信量是指DUT/SUT的源接口和目的接口的互斥集合之间的单向通信量。这样的交通,，
however, can be distributed between interfaces in different ways. When traffic is sent to two or more interfaces from an external source and then forwarded by the DUT/SUT to a single output interface the traffic orientation is unidirectional and the traffic distribution between interfaces is many-to-one. Traffic can also be sent to a single input interface and forwarded by the DUT/SUT to two or more output interfaces to achieve a one-to-many distribution of traffic.
但是，可以以不同的方式在接口之间分布。当流量从外部源发送到两个或多个接口，然后由DUT/SUT转发到单个输出接口时，流量方向是单向的，接口之间的流量分布是多对一的。通信量也可以发送到单个输入接口，并由DUT/SUT转发到两个或多个输出接口，以实现一对多的通信量分配。
Such traffic distributions can also be combined to test for head of line blocking or to measure forwarding rates and throughput when congestion control mechanisms are active.
当拥塞控制机制处于活动状态时，这种流量分布还可以组合起来测试线路头阻塞或测量转发速率和吞吐量。
When a DUT/SUT is equipped with interfaces running at different media rates the number of input interfaces required to load or overload an output interface or interfaces will vary.
当DUT/SUT配备以不同介质速率运行的接口时，加载或过载输出接口所需的输入接口数量将有所不同。
It should be noted that measurement of the minimum inter-frame gap serves to detect violations of the IEEE 802.3 standard.
应注意，最小帧间间隙的测量用于检测违反IEEE 802.3标准的情况。
Issues:
问题：
half duplex / full duplex
半双工/全双工
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
See Also:
另见：
bidirectional traffic (3.2.2) non-meshed traffic (3.3.1) partially meshed traffic (3.3.2) fully meshed traffic (3.3.3) congestion control (3.7) head of line blocking (3.7.3)
双向交通（3.2.2）非网状交通（3.3.1）部分网状交通（3.3.2）完全网状交通（3.3.3）拥塞控制（3.7）线路阻塞（3.7.3）
Definition:
定义：
Frames presented to a DUT/SUT such that every receiving interface also transmits.
呈现给DUT/SUT的帧，使得每个接收接口也进行传输。
Discussion:
讨论：
This definition conforms to the discussion in section 14 of RFC 1944.
该定义符合RFC 1944第14节的讨论。
When a tester offers bidirectional traffic to a DUT/SUT all the interfaces which receive frames from the tester also transmit frames back to the tester.
当测试仪向DUT/SUT提供双向通信时，从测试仪接收帧的所有接口也将帧发送回测试仪。
Bidirectional traffic MUST be offered when measuring the throughput or forwarding rate of full duplex interfaces of a switching device.
在测量交换设备的全双工接口的吞吐量或转发速率时，必须提供双向通信。
Issues:
问题：
truncated binary exponential back-off algorithm
截断二元指数退避算法
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1) non-meshed traffic (3.3.1) partially meshed traffic (3.3.2) fully meshed traffic (3.3.3)
单向交通（3.2.1）非网状交通（3.3.1）部分网状交通（3.3.2）完全网状交通（3.3.3）
This group of definitions applies to the distribution of frames forwarded by a DUT/SUT.
这组定义适用于DUT/SUT转发的帧的分布。
Definition:
定义：
Frames offered to a single input interface and addressed to a single output interface of a DUT/SUT where input and output interfaces are grouped in mutually exclusive pairs.
提供给单个输入接口并寻址到DUT/SUT的单个输出接口的帧，其中输入和输出接口以互斥对分组。
Discussion:
讨论：
In the simplest instance of non-meshed traffic all frames are offered to a single input interface and addressed to a single output interface. The one-to-one mapping of input to output interfaces required by non-meshed traffic can be extended to multiple mutually exclusive pairs of input and output interfaces.
在非网状业务的最简单实例中，所有帧都提供给单个输入接口，并寻址到单个输出接口。非网状通信所需的输入到输出接口的一对一映射可以扩展到多个互斥的输入和输出接口对。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
half duplex / full duplex
半双工/全双工
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1) bidirectional traffic (3.2.2) partially meshed traffic (3.3.2.) fully meshed traffic (3.3.3) burst (3.4.1)
单向流量（3.2.1）双向流量（3.2.2）部分网状流量（3.3.2.）完全网状流量（3.3.3）突发流量（3.4.1）
Definition:
定义：
Frames offered to one or more input interfaces of a DUT/SUT and addressed to one or more output interfaces where input and output interfaces are mutually exclusive and mapped one-to-many, many-to-one or many-to-many.
提供给DUT/SUT的一个或多个输入接口并寻址到一个或多个输出接口的帧，其中输入和输出接口相互排斥，并映射为一对多、多对一或多对多。
Discussion:
讨论：
This definition follows from the discussion in section 16 of RFC 1944 on multi-port testing. Partially meshed traffic allows for one-to-many, many-to-one or many-to-many mappings of input to output interfaces and readily extends to configurations with multiple switching devices linked together over backbone connections.
该定义源自RFC 1944第16节关于多端口测试的讨论。部分网状通信允许输入到输出接口的一对多、多对一或多对多映射，并且可以很容易地扩展到多个交换设备通过主干连接连接在一起的配置。
It should be noted that partially meshed traffic can load backbone connections linking together two switching devices or systems more than fully meshed traffic. When offered partially meshed traffic devices or systems can be set up to forward all of the frames they receive to the opposite side of the backbone connection whereas fully meshed traffic requires at least some of the offered frames to be forwarded locally, that is to the interfaces of the DUT/SUT receiving them. Such frames will not traverse the backbone connection.
应该注意的是，部分网格化的业务比完全网格化的业务更能承载连接两个交换设备或系统的主干连接。当提供部分网格化业务时，可以设置设备或系统以将其接收的所有帧转发到主干连接的另一侧，而完全网格化业务要求至少部分提供的帧在本地转发，即转发到接收它们的DUT/SUT的接口。这样的帧不会穿过主干连接。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
half duplex / full duplex
半双工/全双工
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1) bidirectional traffic (3.2.2) non-meshed traffic (3.3.1) fully meshed traffic (3.3.3) burst (3.4.1)
单向流量（3.2.1）双向流量（3.2.2）非网状流量（3.3.1）全网状流量（3.3.3）突发流量（3.4.1）
Definition:
定义：
Frames offered to a designated number of interfaces of a DUT/SUT such that each one of the interfaces under test receives frames addressed to all of the other interfaces under test.
提供给DUT/SUT的指定数量的接口的帧，以便每个被测接口接收寻址到所有其他被测接口的帧。
Discussion:
讨论：
As with bidirectional partially meshed traffic, fully meshed traffic requires each one the interfaces of a DUT/SUT to both receive and transmit frames. But since the interfaces are not divided into groups as with partially meshed traffic every interface forwards frames to and receives frames from every other interface. The total number of individual input/output interface pairs when traffic is fully meshed over n switched interfaces equals n x (n - 1). This compares with n x (n / 2) such interface pairs when traffic is partially meshed.
与双向部分网格化业务一样，完全网格化业务需要每个DUT/SUT的接口来接收和发送帧。但是，由于接口没有像部分网格化的通信那样划分为组，因此每个接口都向其他接口转发帧，并从其他接口接收帧。当流量在n个交换接口上完全啮合时，单个输入/输出接口对的总数等于nx（n-1）。这与部分网格化流量时的nx（n/2）这样的接口对相比。
Fully meshed traffic on half duplex interfaces is inherently bursty since interfaces must interrupt transmission whenever they receive frames. This kind of bursty meshed traffic is characteristic of real network traffic and can be advantageously used to diagnose a DUT/SUT by exercising many of its component parts simultaneously. Additional inspection may be warranted to correlate the frame forwarding capacity of a DUT/SUT when offered meshed traffic and the behavior of individual elements such as input or output buffers, buffer allocation mechanisms, aggregate switching capacity, processing speed or medium access control.
半双工接口上的完全网状通信本质上是突发的，因为接口在接收帧时必须中断传输。这种突发网状流量是真实网络流量的特征，通过同时运行DUT/SUT的许多组成部分，可以有利地用于诊断DUT/SUT。可以保证进行额外的检查，以便在提供网状业务时将DUT/SUT的帧转发容量与诸如输入或输出缓冲器、缓冲器分配机制、聚合交换容量、处理速度或介质访问控制等单个元件的行为相关联。
The analysis of forwarding rate measurements presents a challenge when offering bidirectional or fully meshed traffic since the rate at which the tester can be observed to transmit frames to the DUT/SUT may be smaller than the rate at which it intends to transmit due to collisions on half duplex media or the action of congestion control mechanisms. This makes it important to take account of both the intended and offered loads defined in sections 3.5.1.and 3.5.2 below when reporting the results of such forwarding rate measurements.
当提供双向或完全网状的业务时，转发速率测量的分析提出了一个挑战，因为由于半双工介质上的冲突或拥塞控制的作用，可以观察到测试器向DUT/SUT发送帧的速率可能小于其打算发送的速率机制。因此，在报告此类转发率测量结果时，必须同时考虑下文第3.5.1和3.5.2节中定义的预期和提供的负载。
When offering bursty meshed traffic to a DUT/SUT a number of variables have to be considered. These include frame size, the number of frames within bursts, the interval between bursts as well as the distribution of load between incoming and outgoing traffic. Terms related to bursts are defined in section 3.4 below.
当向DUT/SUT提供突发网状流量时，必须考虑许多变量。这些包括帧大小、突发中的帧数、突发之间的间隔以及传入和传出流量之间的负载分布。下文第3.4节定义了与爆炸相关的术语。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
half duplex / full duplex
半双工/全双工
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1) bidirectional traffic (3.2.2) non-meshed traffic (3.3.1) partially meshed traffic (3.3.2) burst (3.4.1) intended load (3.5.1) offered load (3.5.2)
单向流量（3.2.1）双向流量（3.2.2）非网状流量（3.3.1）部分网状流量（3.3.2）突发流量（3.4.1）预期负载（3.5.1）提供负载（3.5.2）
This group of definitions applies to the intervals between frames or groups of frames offered to the DUT/SUT.
这组定义适用于提供给DUT/SUT的帧或帧组之间的间隔。
Definition:
定义：
A sequence of frames transmitted with the minimum legal inter-frame gap.
以最小合法帧间间隔传输的帧序列。
Discussion:
讨论：
This definition follows from discussions in section 3.16 of RFC 1242 and section 21 of RFC 1944 which describes cases where it is useful to consider isolated frames as single frame bursts.
这个定义来自RFC 1242的第3.16节和RFC 1944的第21节的讨论，它描述了将孤立帧看作单帧突发的情况。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
burst size (3.4.2) inter-burst gap (IBG) (3.4.3)
突发大小（3.4.2）突发间隔（IBG）（3.4.3）
Definition:
定义：
The number of frames in a burst.
突发中的帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
Burst size can range from one to infinity. In unidirectional traffic as well as in bidirectional or meshed traffic on full duplex interfaces there is no theoretical limit to burst length. When traffic is bidirectional or meshed bursts on half duplex media are finite since interfaces interrupt transmission intermittently to receive frames.
突发大小的范围从一到无穷大。在单向业务以及全双工接口上的双向或网状业务中，对突发长度没有理论限制。当通信量为双向或网状时，由于接口间歇性中断传输以接收帧，半双工介质上的突发是有限的。
On real networks burst size will normally increase with window size. This makes it desirable to test devices with small as well as large burst sizes.
在实际网络上，突发大小通常会随着窗口大小的增加而增加。这使得测试具有小突发大小和大突发大小的设备成为可能。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
number of N-octet frames
N-octet帧的数目
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
burst (3.4.1) inter-burst gap (IBG) (3.4.3)
突发（3.4.1）突发间隔（IBG）（3.4.3）
Definition:
定义：
The interval between two bursts.
两次爆发之间的间隔。
Discussion:
讨论：
This definition conforms to the discussion in section 20 of RFC 1944 on bursty traffic.
该定义符合RFC 1944第20节中关于突发流量的讨论。
Bidirectional and meshed traffic are inherently bursty since interfaces share their time between receiving and transmitting frames. External sources offering bursty traffic for a given frame size and burst size must adjust the inter-burst gap to achieve a specified average rate of frame transmission.
由于接口在接收和发送帧之间共享时间，因此双向和网状流量本质上是突发的。对于给定的帧大小和突发大小，提供突发流量的外部源必须调整突发间隔，以达到指定的平均帧传输速率。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
nanoseconds microseconds milliseconds seconds
纳秒微秒毫秒秒
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
burst (3.4.1) burst size (3.4.2)
突发（3.4.1）突发大小（3.4.2）
This group of definitions applies to the rates at which traffic is offered to any DUT/SUT.
这组定义适用于向任何DUT/SUT提供流量的速率。
Definition:
定义：
The number of frames per second that an external source attempts to transmit to a DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces.
外部源每秒尝试传输到DUT/SUT以转发到指定输出接口的帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
Collisions on CSMA/CD links or the action of congestion control mechanisms can effect the rate at which an external source of traffic transmits frames to a DUT/SUT. This makes it useful to distinguish the load that an external source attempts to apply to a DUT/SUT and the load it is observed or measured to apply.
CSMA/CD链路上的冲突或拥塞控制机制的动作会影响外部流量源向DUT/SUT传输帧的速率。这有助于区分外部电源试图施加到DUT/SUT的负载和观察或测量到的要施加的负载。
In the case of Ethernet an external source of traffic MUST implement the truncated binary exponential back-off algorithm to ensure that it is accessing the medium legally
对于以太网，外部通信源必须实施截断二进制指数退避算法，以确保其合法访问介质
Measurement units:
计量单位：
bits per second N-octets per second (N-octets per second / media_maximum-octets per second) x 100
每秒比特数每秒N个八位字节（每秒N个八位字节/媒体\最大八位字节/秒）x 100
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
burst (3.4.1) inter-burst gap (3.4.3) offered load (3.5.2)
突发（3.4.1）突发间间隙（3.4.3）提供的负载（3.5.2）
Definition:
定义：
The number of frames per second that an external source can be observed or measured to transmit to a DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces.
每秒可观察或测量外部源传输至DUT/SUT以转发至指定输出接口的帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
The load which an external device can be observed to apply to a DUT/SUT may be less than the intended load due to collisions on half duplex media or the action of congestion control mechanisms. This makes it important to distinguish intended and offered load when analyzing the results of forwarding rate measurements using bidirectional or fully meshed traffic.
由于半双工介质上的碰撞或拥塞控制机制的作用，可以观察到外部设备应用于DUT/SUT的负载可能小于预期负载。这使得在分析使用双向或完全网状流量的转发速率测量结果时，区分预期负载和提供负载非常重要。
Frames which are not successfully transmitted by an external source of traffic to a DUT/SUT MUST NOT be counted as transmitted frames when measuring forwarding rates.
当测量转发速率时，不能将外部通信源未成功传输到DUT/SUT的帧算作传输帧。
The frame count on an interface of a DUT/SUT may exceed the rate at which an external device offers frames due to the presence of spanning tree BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) on 802.1D-compliant switches or SNMP frames. Such frames should be treated as modifiers as described in section 11 of RFC 1944.
由于802.1D兼容交换机或SNMP帧上存在生成树BPDU（网桥协议数据单元），DUT/SUT接口上的帧计数可能超过外部设备提供帧的速率。此类框架应视为RFC 1944第11节所述的修改器。
Offered load MUST be indicated when reporting the results of forwarding rate measurements.
在报告转发速率测量结果时，必须指出提供的负载。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
bits per second N-octets per second (N-octets per second / media_maximum-octets per second) x 100
每秒比特数每秒N个八位字节（每秒N个八位字节/媒体\最大八位字节/秒）x 100
Issues:
问题：
token ring
令牌环
See Also:
另见：
bidirectional traffic (3.2.2) fully meshed traffic (3.3.3) intended load (3.5.1) forwarding rate (3.6.1)
双向流量（3.2.2）全网流量（3.3.3）预期负载（3.5.1）转发速率（3.6.1）
Definition:
定义：
The highest number of frames per second that an external source can transmit to a DUT/SUT for forwarding to a specified output interface or interfaces.
外部源每秒可传输到DUT/SUT以转发到指定输出接口的最大帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
The maximum load that an external device can apply to a DUT/SUT may not equal the maximum load allowed by the medium. This will be the case when an external source lacks the resources to transmit frames at the minimum legal inter-frame gap or when it has sufficient resources to transmit frames below the minimum legal inter-frame gap. Moreover, maximum load may vary with respect to parameters other than a medium's maximum theoretical utilization. For example, on those media employing tokens, maximum load may vary as a function of Token Rotation Time, Token Holding Time, or the ability to chain multiple frames to a single token. The maximum load that an external device applies to a DUT/SUT MUST be specified when measuring forwarding rates.
外部设备可应用于DUT/SUT的最大负载可能不等于介质允许的最大负载。当外部源缺乏以最小合法帧间间隙传输帧的资源时，或当其有足够的资源传输低于最小合法帧间间隙的帧时，将出现这种情况。此外，除介质的最大理论利用率外，最大负载可能会随参数而变化。例如，在使用令牌的那些媒体上，最大负载可能随着令牌旋转时间、令牌保持时间或将多个帧链接到单个令牌的能力而变化。测量转发速率时，必须指定外部设备应用于DUT/SUT的最大负载。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
bits per second N-octets per second (N-octets per second / media_maximum-octets per second) x 100
每秒比特数每秒N个八位字节（每秒N个八位字节/媒体\最大八位字节/秒）x 100
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
offered load (3.5.2)
提供荷载（3.5.2）
Definition:
定义：
Attempting to load a DUT/SUT in excess of the maximum rate of transmission allowed by the medium.
试图加载超过介质允许的最大传输速率的DUT/SUT。
Discussion:
讨论：
Overloading can serve to exercise buffers and buffer allocation algorithms as well as congestion control mechanisms. The number of input interfaces required to overload one or more output interfaces of a DUT/SUT will vary according to the media rates of the interfaces involved.
重载可以用来执行缓冲区和缓冲区分配算法以及拥塞控制机制。DUT/SUT的一个或多个输出接口过载所需的输入接口数量将根据所涉及接口的介质速率而变化。
An external source can also overload an interface by transmitting frames below the minimum inter-frame gap. A DUT/SUT MUST forward such frames at intervals equal to or above the minimum gap specified in standards.
外部源还可以通过传输低于最小帧间间隙的帧来过载接口。DUT/SUT必须以等于或高于标准中规定的最小间隙的间隔转发这些帧。
A DUT/SUT using congestion control techniques such as backpressure or forward pressure may exhibit no frame loss when a tester attempts to overload one or more of its interfaces. This should not be exploited to suggest that the DUT/SUT supports rates of transmission in excess of the maximum rate allowed by the medium since both techniques reduce the rate at which the tester offers frames to prevent overloading. Backpressure achieves this purpose by jamming the transmission interfaces of the tester and forward pressure by hindering the tester from gaining fair access to the medium. Analysis of both cases should take the distinction between intended load (3.5.1) and offered load (3.5.2) into account.
当测试仪试图使其一个或多个接口过载时，使用拥塞控制技术（如背压或前向压力）的DUT/SUT可能不会出现帧丢失。这不应被用来表明DUT/SUT支持的传输速率超过介质允许的最大速率，因为这两种技术都降低了测试仪提供帧的速率，以防止过载。背压通过干扰测试仪的传输接口来实现这一目的，而正向压力通过阻碍测试仪公平地接近介质来实现。对这两种情况的分析应考虑预期荷载（3.5.1）和提供荷载（3.5.2）之间的区别。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
bits per second N-octets per second (N-octets per second / media_maximum-octets per second) x 100
每秒比特数每秒N个八位字节（每秒N个八位字节/媒体\最大八位字节/秒）x 100
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1) intended load (3.5.1) offered load (3.5.2) forwarding rate (3.6.1) backpressure (3.7.1) forward pressure (3.7.2)
单向交通（3.2.1）预期负载（3.5.1）提供负载（3.5.2）转发速率（3.6.1）背压（3.7.1）转发压力（3.7.2）
This group of definitions applies to the rates at which traffic is forwarded by any DUT/SUT in response to a stimulus.
这组定义适用于任何DUT/SUT响应刺激转发流量的速率。
Definition:
定义：
The number of frames per second that a device can be observed to successfully transmit to the correct destination interface in response to a specified offered load.
每秒可观察到的设备响应指定的提供负载成功传输到正确的目标接口的帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
Unlike throughput defined in section 3.17 of RFC 1242, forwarding rate makes no explicit reference to frame loss. Forwarding rate refers to the number of frames per second observed on the output side of the interface under test and MUST be reported in relation to the offered load. Forwarding rate can be measured with different traffic orientations and distributions.
与RFC 1242第3.17节中定义的吞吐量不同，转发速率没有明确提及帧丢失。转发速率是指在测试接口的输出端每秒观察到的帧数，必须根据提供的负载进行报告。转发速率可以通过不同的流量方向和分布来测量。
It should be noted that the forwarding rate of a DUT/SUT may be sensitive to the action of congestion control mechanisms.
应当注意，DUT/SUT的转发速率可能对拥塞控制机制的动作敏感。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
N-octet frames per second
每秒N个八位组帧
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
offered load (3.5.2) forwarding rate at maximum offered load (3.6.2) maximum forwarding rate (3.6.3)
提供负载（3.5.2）最大提供负载下的转发速率（3.6.2）最大转发速率（3.6.3）
Definition:
定义：
The number of frames per second that a device can be observed to successfully transmit to the correct destination interface in response to the maximum offered load.
每秒可观察到的设备响应最大提供负载成功传输到正确目标接口的帧数。
Discussion:
讨论：
Forwarding rate at maximum offered load may be less than the maximum rate at which a device can be observed to successfully forward traffic. This will be the case when the ability of a device to forward frames degenerates when offered traffic at maximum load.
最大提供负载下的转发速率可能小于可以观察到设备成功转发流量的最大速率。当在最大负载下提供业务时，设备转发帧的能力退化时，就会出现这种情况。
Maximum offered load MUST be cited when reporting forwarding rate at maximum offered load.
在报告最大提供负载下的转发速率时，必须引用最大提供负载。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
N-octet frames per second
每秒N个八位组帧
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
maximum offered load (3.5.3) forwarding rate (3.6.1) maximum forwarding rate (3.6.3)
最大提供负载（3.5.3）转发速率（3.6.1）最大转发速率（3.6.3）
Definition:
定义：
The highest forwarding rate of a DUT/SUT taken from an iterative set of forwarding rate measurements.
从一组迭代的转发速率测量值中获取的DUT/SUT的最高转发速率。
Discussion:
讨论：
The forwarding rate of a device may degenerate before maximum load is reached. The load applied to a device must be cited when reporting maximum forwarding rate.
在达到最大负载之前，设备的转发速率可能会降低。报告最大转发速率时，必须引用应用于设备的负载。
The following example illustrates how the terms relative to loading and forwarding rates are meant to be used. In particular it shows how the distinction between forwarding rate at maximum offered load (FRMOL) and maximum forwarding rate (MFR) can be used to characterize a DUT/SUT.
以下示例说明了如何使用与加载和转发速率相关的术语。特别地，它显示了如何使用最大提供负载下的转发速率（FRMOL）和最大转发速率（MFR）之间的区别来表征DUT/SUT。
(A) (B)
Test Device DUT/SUT
Offered Load Forwarding Rate
------------ ---------------
(1) 14,880 fps - MOL 7,400 fps - FRMOL
(2) 13,880 fps 8,472 fps
(3) 12,880 fps 12,880 fps - MFR
(A) (B)
Test Device DUT/SUT
Offered Load Forwarding Rate
------------ ---------------
(1) 14,880 fps - MOL 7,400 fps - FRMOL
(2) 13,880 fps 8,472 fps
(3) 12,880 fps 12,880 fps - MFR
Measurement units:
计量单位：
N-octet frames per second
每秒N个八位组帧
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
offered load (3.5.2) forwarding rates (3.6.1) forwarding rate at maximum load (3.6.2)
提供负载（3.5.2）转发速率（3.6.1）最大负载下的转发速率（3.6.2）
This group of definitions applies to the behavior of a DUT/SUT when congestion or contention is present.
这组定义适用于出现拥塞或争用时DUT/SUT的行为。
Definition:
定义：
Any technique used by a DUT/SUT to attempt to avoid frame loss by impeding external sources of traffic from transmitting frames to congested interfaces.
DUT/SUT使用的任何技术，通过阻止外部通信源将帧传输到拥塞的接口，试图避免帧丢失。
Discussion:
讨论：
Some switches send jam signals, for example preamble bits, back to traffic sources when their transmit and/or receive buffers start to overfill. Switches implementing full duplex Ethernet links may use IEEE 802.3x Flow Control for the same purpose. Such devices may incur no frame loss when external sources attempt to offer traffic to congested or overloaded interfaces.
一些交换机在其发送和/或接收缓冲区开始溢出时，将干扰信号（例如前导码位）发送回业务源。实现全双工以太网链路的交换机可出于相同目的使用IEEE 802.3x流量控制。当外部源试图向拥塞或过载的接口提供流量时，此类设备可能不会发生帧丢失。
It should be noted that jamming and other flow control methods may slow all traffic transmitted to congested input interfaces including traffic intended for uncongested output interfaces.
应该注意的是，干扰和其他流量控制方法可能会减慢传输到拥塞输入接口的所有流量，包括用于未拥塞输出接口的流量。
A DUT/SUT applying backpressure may exhibit no frame loss when a tester attempts to overload one or more of its interfaces. This should not be interpreted to suggest that the interfaces of the DUT/SUT support forwarding rates above the maximum rate allowed by the medium. In these cases overloading is only apparent since through the application of backpressure the DUT/SUT avoids overloading by reducing the rate at which the tester can offer frames.
当测试仪试图使一个或多个接口过载时，施加背压的DUT/SUT可能不会出现帧丢失。这不应解释为DUT/SUT的接口支持高于介质允许的最大速率的转发速率。在这些情况下，过载只是显而易见的，因为通过施加背压，DUT/SUT通过降低测试仪提供帧的速率来避免过载。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
frame loss on congested interface or interfaces N-octet frames per second between the interface applying backpressure and an uncongested destination interface
拥塞接口上的帧丢失或在施加背压的接口和未拥塞的目标接口之间每秒N-octet帧的接口
Issues:
问题：
jamming not explicitly described in standards
标准中未明确描述的干扰
See Also:
另见：
intended load (3.5.1) offered load (3.5.2) overloading (3.5.4) forwarding rate (3.6.1) forward pressure (3.7.2)
预期载荷（3.5.1）提供载荷（3.5.2）过载（3.5.4）前进速率（3.6.1）前进压力（3.7.2）
Definition:
定义：
Methods which depart from or otherwise violate a defined standardized protocol in an attempt to increase the forwarding performance of a DUT/SUT.
为了提高DUT/SUT的转发性能而背离或违反已定义的标准化协议的方法。
Discussion:
讨论：
A DUT/SUT may be found to inhibit or abort back-off algorithms in order to force access to the medium when contention occurs. It should be noted that the back-off algorithm should be fair whether the DUT/SUT is in a congested or an uncongested state. Transmission below the minimum inter-frame gap or the disregard of flow control primitives fall into this category.
可以发现DUT/SUT禁止或中止退避算法，以便在发生争用时强制访问介质。应注意，无论DUT/SUT处于拥挤状态还是未拥挤状态，退避算法都应公平。低于最小帧间间隙的传输或忽略流控制原语属于这一类。
A DUT/SUT applying forward pressure may eliminate all or most frame loss when a tester attempts to overload one or more of its interfaces. This should not be interpreted to suggest that the interfaces of the DUT/SUT can sustain forwarding rates above the maximum rate allowed by the medium. Overloading in such cases is only apparent since the application of forward pressure by the DUT/SUT enables interfaces to relieve saturated output queues by forcing access to the medium and concomitantly inhibiting the tester from transmitting frames.
当测试仪试图使一个或多个接口过载时，施加正向压力的DUT/SUT可消除所有或大部分帧丢失。这不应被解释为DUT/SUT的接口可以维持高于介质允许的最大速率的转发速率。在这种情况下，过载只会很明显，因为DUT/SUT施加的前向压力使接口能够通过强制访问介质来释放饱和输出队列，同时阻止测试仪传输帧。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
intervals between frames in microseconds intervals in microseconds between transmission retries during 16 successive collisions.
帧之间的间隔（以微秒为单位）在连续16次碰撞中传输重试之间的间隔（以微秒为单位）。
Issues:
问题：
truncated binary exponential back-off algorithm
截断二元指数退避算法
See Also:
另见：
intended load (3.5.1) offered load (3.5.2) overloading (3.5.4) forwarding rate (3.6.1) backpressure (3.7.1)
预期负载（3.5.1）提供负载（3.5.2）过载（3.5.4）转发速率（3.6.1）背压（3.7.1）
Definition:
定义：
Frame loss or added delay observed on an uncongested output interface whenever frames are received from an input interface which is also attempting to forward frames to a congested output interface.
当从输入接口接收到帧时，在未压缩的输出接口上观察到的帧丢失或附加延迟，输入接口也试图将帧转发到拥塞的输出接口。
Discussion:
讨论：
It is important to verify that a switch does not slow transmission or drop frames on interfaces which are not congested whenever overloading on one of its other interfaces occurs.
重要的是要验证交换机在其另一个接口上发生过载时，不会减慢传输速度或丢弃未拥塞接口上的帧。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
forwarding rate and frame loss recorded on an uncongested interface when receiving frames from an interface which is also forwarding frames to a congested interface.
当从同时将帧转发到拥塞接口的接口接收帧时，未拥塞接口上记录的转发速率和帧丢失。
Issues:
问题：
input buffers
输入缓冲
See Also:
另见：
unidirectional traffic (3.2.1)
单向交通（3.2.1）
This group of definitions applies to the address resolution process enabling a DUT/SUT to forward frames to their correct destinations.
这组定义适用于使DUT/SUT能够将帧转发到其正确目的地的地址解析过程。
Definition:
定义：
The number of MAC addresses per n interfaces, per module or per device that a DUT/SUT can cache and successfully forward frames to without flooding or dropping frames.
DUT/SUT可以缓存并成功转发帧到的每n个接口、每个模块或每个设备的MAC地址数，而不会溢出或丢弃帧。
Discussion:
讨论：
Users building networks will want to know how many nodes they can connect to a switch. This makes it necessary to verify the number of MAC addresses that can be assigned per n interfaces, per module and per chassis before a DUT/SUT begins flooding frames.
构建网络的用户希望知道他们可以连接到交换机的节点数。这使得在DUT/SUT开始泛洪帧之前，有必要验证每n个接口、每个模块和每个机箱可以分配的MAC地址数量。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
number of MAC addresses per n interfaces, modules, or chassis
每n个接口、模块或机箱的MAC地址数
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
address learning rate (3.8.2)
地址学习率（3.8.2）
Definition:
定义：
The maximum rate at which a switch can learn new MAC addresses without flooding or dropping frames.
交换机可以在不洪泛或丢弃帧的情况下学习新MAC地址的最大速率。
Discussion:
讨论：
Users may want to know how long it takes a switch to build its address tables. This information is useful to have when considering how long it takes a network to come up when many users log on in the morning or after a network crash.
用户可能想知道交换机构建地址表需要多长时间。当考虑到当许多用户在早上或网络崩溃后登录时，网络需要多长时间才能启动时，这些信息非常有用。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
frames with different source addresses per second
每秒具有不同源地址的帧
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
address caching capacity (3.8.1)
地址缓存容量（3.8.1）
Definition:
定义：
Frames forwarded to interfaces which do not correspond to the destination MAC address information when traffic is offered to a DUT/SUT for forwarding.
当流量提供给DUT/SUT进行转发时，转发到与目标MAC地址信息不对应的接口的帧。
Discussion:
讨论：
When recording throughput statistics it is important to check that frames have been forwarded to their proper destinations. Flooded frames MUST NOT be counted as received frames. Both known and unknown unicast frames can be flooded.
在记录吞吐量统计信息时，检查帧是否已转发到其正确的目的地非常重要。被淹没的帧不能算作已接收的帧。已知和未知的单播帧都可能被淹没。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
N-octet valid frames
N-八位组有效帧
Issues:
问题：
spanning tree BPDUs.
生成树BPDUs。
See Also:
另见：
address caching capacity (3.8.1)
地址缓存容量（3.8.1）
This group of definitions applies to frames with errors which a DUT/SUT may filter.
这组定义适用于DUT/SUT可能过滤的具有错误的帧。
Definition:
定义：
Frames which are over-sized, under-sized, misaligned or with an errored Frame Check Sequence.
尺寸过大、过小、未对齐或帧检查顺序错误的帧。
Discussion:
讨论：
Switches, unlike IEEE 802.1d compliant bridges, do not necessarily filter all types of illegal frames. Some switches, for example, which do not store frames before forwarding them to their destination interfaces may not filter over-sized frames (jabbers) or verify the validity of the Frame Check Sequence field. Other illegal frames are under-sized frames (runts) and misaligned frames.
与IEEE 802.1d兼容网桥不同，交换机不一定过滤所有类型的非法帧。例如，某些交换机在将帧转发到其目标接口之前不存储帧，可能无法过滤过大的帧（Jabber）或验证帧检查序列字段的有效性。其他非法帧是尺寸过小的帧（短帧）和未对齐的帧。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
n/a
不适用
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
This group of definitions applies to MAC layer and network layer broadcast frames.
这组定义适用于MAC层和网络层广播帧。
Definition:
定义：
The number of broadcast frames per second that a DUT/SUT can be observed to deliver to all interfaces located within a broadcast domain in response to a specified offered load of frames directed to the broadcast MAC address.
DUT/SUT每秒可观测到的广播帧数，以响应定向到广播MAC地址的指定提供的帧负载，传送到位于广播域内的所有接口。
Discussion:
讨论：
There is no standard forwarding mechanism used by switches to forward broadcast frames. It is useful to determine the broadcast forwarding rate for frames switched between interfaces on the same card, interfaces on different cards in the same chassis and
交换机没有用于转发广播帧的标准转发机制。确定在同一卡上的接口之间、同一机箱中不同卡上的接口之间切换的帧的广播转发速率非常有用
interfaces on different chassis linked together over backbone connections. The terms maximum broadcast forwarding rate and broadcast forwarding rate at maximum load follow directly from the terms already defined for forwarding rate measurements in section 3.6 above.
不同机箱上的接口通过主干连接连接在一起。术语最大广播转发速率和最大负载下的广播转发速率直接来自上文第3.6节中已定义的转发速率测量术语。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
N-octet frames per second
每秒N个八位组帧
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
forwarding rate at maximum load (3.6.2) maximum forwarding rate (3.6.3) broadcast latency (3.10.2)
最大负载下的转发速率（3.6.2）最大转发速率（3.6.3）广播延迟（3.10.2）
Definition:
定义：
The time required by a DUT/SUT to forward a broadcast frame to each interface located within a broadcast domain.
DUT/SUT向位于广播域内的每个接口转发广播帧所需的时间。
Discussion:
讨论：
Since there is no standard way for switches to process broadcast frames, broadcast latency may not be the same on all receiving interfaces of a switching device. The latency measurements SHOULD be bit oriented as described in section 3.8 of RFC 1242. It is useful to determine broadcast latency for frames forwarded between interfaces on the same card, on different cards in the same chassis and on different chassis linked over backbone connections.
由于交换机没有处理广播帧的标准方法，因此在交换机的所有接收接口上，广播延迟可能不相同。延迟测量应按RFC 1242第3.8节所述的比特定向。确定在同一卡、同一机箱中的不同卡以及通过主干连接链接的不同机箱上的接口之间转发的帧的广播延迟非常有用。
Measurement units:
计量单位：
nanoseconds microseconds milliseconds seconds
纳秒微秒毫秒秒
Issues:
问题：
See Also:
另见：
broadcast forwarding rate (3.10.1)
广播转发速率（3.10.1）
Documents of this type do not directly effect the security of the Internet or of corporate networks as long as benchmarking is not performed on devices or systems connected to operating networks.
只要不在连接到操作网络的设备或系统上执行基准测试，此类文件不会直接影响互联网或公司网络的安全性。
The document points out that switching devices may violate the IEEE 802.3 standard by transmitting frames below the minimum interframe gap or unfairly accessing the medium by inhibiting the backoff algorithm. Although such violations do not directly engender breaches in security, they may perturb the normal functioning of other interworking devices by obstructing their access to the medium. Their use on the Internet or on corporate networks should be discouraged.
该文件指出，交换设备可能违反IEEE 802.3标准，发送低于最小帧间间隔的帧，或通过抑制退避算法不公平地访问介质。尽管此类违规行为不会直接导致安全漏洞，但可能会妨碍其他互通设备访问介质，从而干扰其正常功能。不鼓励在互联网或公司网络上使用它们。
[1] Bradner, S., "Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection Devices", RFC 1242, July 1991.
[1] Bradner，S.，“网络互连设备的基准术语”，RFC 1242，1991年7月。
[2] Bradner, S., and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 1944, May 1996.
[2] Bradner，S.和J.McQuaid，“网络互连设备的基准测试方法”，RFC 1944，1996年5月。
The Benchmarking Methodology Working Group of the IETF and particularly Kevin Dubray (Bay Networks) are to be thanked for the many suggestions they collectively made to help complete this document. Ajay Shah (WG), Jean-Christophe Bestaux (ENL), Henry Hamon (Netcom Systems), Stan Kopek (Digital) and Doug Ruby (Prominet) all provided valuable input at various stages of this project.
IETF的基准方法工作组，特别是Kevin Dubrey（海湾网络公司），为帮助完成本文件而集体提出了许多建议，对此表示感谢。Ajay Shah（WG）、Jean-Christophe Bestax（ENL）、Henry Hamon（网通系统）、Stan Kopek（数字）和Doug Ruby（Prominet）都在该项目的各个阶段提供了宝贵的投入。
Special thanks go to Scott Bradner for his seminal work in the field of benchmarking and his many encouraging remarks.
特别感谢Scott Bradner在基准测试领域的开创性工作和他许多令人鼓舞的评论。
Robert Mandeville European Network Laboratories (ENL) 2, rue Helene Boucher 78286 Guyancourt Cedex France
Robert Mandeville欧洲网络实验室（ENL）2号，法国圭亚那库尔Cedex Helene Boucher街78286号
Phone: + 33 1 39 44 12 05
Mobile Phone + 33 6 07 47 67 10
Fax: + 33 1 39 44 12 06
EMail: bob.mandeville@eunet.fr
Phone: + 33 1 39 44 12 05
Mobile Phone + 33 6 07 47 67 10
Fax: + 33 1 39 44 12 06
EMail: bob.mandeville@eunet.fr
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
版权所有（C）互联网协会（1998年）。版权所有。
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